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Hefny ZA, Ji B, Elsemman IE, Nielsen J, Van Dijck P. Transcriptomic meta-analysis to identify potential antifungal targets in Candida albicans. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:66. [PMID: 38413885 PMCID: PMC10898158 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans is a fungal pathogen causing human infections. Here we investigated differential gene expression patterns and functional enrichment in C. albicans strains grown under different conditions. METHODS A systematic GEO database search identified 239 "Candida albicans" datasets, of which 14 were selected after rigorous criteria application. Retrieval of raw sequencing data from the ENA database was accompanied by essential metadata extraction from dataset descriptions and original articles. Pre-processing via the tailored nf-core pipeline for C. albicans involved alignment, gene/transcript quantification, and diverse quality control measures. Quality assessment via PCA and DESeq2 identified significant genes (FDR < = 0.05, log2-fold change > = 1 or <= -1), while topGO conducted GO term enrichment analysis. Exclusions were made based on data quality and strain relevance, resulting in the selection of seven datasets from the SC5314 strain background for in-depth investigation. RESULTS The meta-analysis of seven selected studies unveiled a substantial number of genes exhibiting significant up-regulation (24,689) and down-regulation (18,074). These differentially expressed genes were further categorized into 2,497 significantly up-regulated and 2,573 significantly down-regulated Gene Ontology (GO) IDs. GO term enrichment analysis clustered these terms into distinct groups, providing insights into the functional implications. Three target gene lists were compiled based on previous studies, focusing on central metabolism, ion homeostasis, and pathogenicity. Frequency analysis revealed genes with higher occurrence within the identified GO clusters, suggesting their potential as antifungal targets. Notably, the genes TPS2, TPS1, RIM21, PRA1, SAP4, and SAP6 exhibited higher frequencies within the clusters. Through frequency analysis within the GO clusters, several key genes emerged as potential targets for antifungal therapies. These include RSP5, GLC7, SOD2, SOD5, SOD1, SOD6, SOD4, SOD3, and RIM101 which exhibited higher occurrence within the identified clusters. CONCLUSION This comprehensive study significantly advances our understanding of the dynamic nature of gene expression in C. albicans. The identification of genes with enhanced potential as antifungal drug targets underpins their value for future interventions. The highlighted genes, including TPS2, TPS1, RIM21, PRA1, SAP4, SAP6, RSP5, GLC7, SOD2, SOD5, SOD1, SOD6, SOD4, SOD3, and RIM101, hold promise for the development of targeted antifungal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Abdelmoghis Hefny
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Boyang Ji
- BioInnovation Institute, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Ibrahim E Elsemman
- Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computers and Information, Assiut University, Assiut, 2071515, Egypt
| | - Jens Nielsen
- BioInnovation Institute, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark.
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE41296, Gothenburg, SE41296, Sweden.
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium.
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Morovati H, Kord M, Ahmadikia K, Eslami S, Hemmatzadeh M, Kurdestani KM, Khademi M, Darabian S. A Comprehensive Review of Identification Methods for Pathogenic Yeasts: Challenges and Approaches. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:187. [PMID: 37694259 PMCID: PMC10492613 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_375_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing incidence of yeast infections and the presence of drug-resistant isolates, accurate identification of the pathogenic yeasts is essential for the management of yeast infections. In this review, we tried to introduce the routine and novel techniques applied for yeast identification. Laboratory identification methods of pathogenic yeast are classified into three categories; I. conventional methods, including microscopical and culture-base methods II. biochemical/physiological-processes methods III. molecular methods. While conventional and biochemical methods require more precautions and are not specific in some cases, molecular diagnostic methods are the optimum tools for diagnosing pathogenic yeasts in a short time with high accuracy and specificity, and having various methods that cover different purposes, and affordable costs for researchers. Nucleotide sequencing is a reference or gold standard for identifying pathogenic yeasts. Since it is an expensive method, it is not widely used in developing countries. However, novel identification techniques are constantly updated, and we recommend further studies in this field. The results of this study will guide researchers in finding more accurate diagnostic method(s) for their studies in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Morovati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kord
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Ahmadikia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Eslami
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Hemmatzadeh
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kian M. Kurdestani
- Department of Microbiology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Sima Darabian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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3
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Fernandes MZ, Caetano CF, Gaspar C, Oliveira AS, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Rolo J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A. Uncovering the Yeast Diversity in the Female Genital Tract: An Exploration of Spatial Distribution and Antifungal Resistance. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040595. [PMID: 37111481 PMCID: PMC10145200 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the leading cause of vulvovaginal yeast infections; however, other species are becoming relevant in this niche. The spatial distribution of these fungi in the female genital tract remains poorly understood. In this study, swab samples were collected from 33 patients, first from the anterior vulva and then from the upper third and right lateral wall of the vagina: 16 were with symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis and 17 were without characteristic symptoms; furthermore, the genus and species of each isolate were identified. In vitro susceptibility testing for fluconazole and clotrimazole was performed for all isolates. Candida albicans was the most common species (63.6%), followed by Rhodotorula spp. (51.5%), and then Candida parapsilosis (15.2%). Rhodotorula spp. and C. parapsilosis were more commonly associated with colonization, and C. albicans with infection. Rhodotorula spp. isolates presented a low susceptibility to fluconazole, with the MIC ranging from 32 to >64 µg/mL. Differences in susceptibility to fluconazole and clotrimazole between the pairs of vaginal and vulvar isolates were found for Candida albicans, Rhodotorula spp., and Nakaseomyces glabratus. The results suggest that different niches may impact the susceptibility profiles of the isolates, as well as their different clinical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Zagalo Fernandes
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia Filipa Caetano
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gaspar
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit, Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Oliveira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit, Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Rolo
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit, Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
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Ghasemi R, Lotfali E, Rezaei K, Madinehzad SA, Tafti MF, Aliabadi N, Kouhsari E, Fattahi M. Meyerozyma guilliermondii species complex: review of current epidemiology, antifungal resistance, and mechanisms. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1761-1779. [PMID: 36306113 PMCID: PMC9679122 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Meyerozyma guilliermondii has been accepted as a complex composed of Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Meyerozyma carpophila, and Meyerozyma caribbica. M. guilliermondii is a saprophyte detected on human mucosa and skin. It can lead to serious infections in patients with risk factors like chemotherapy, immunodeficiency, gastrointestinal or cardiovascular surgery, and oncology disorders. Most deaths related to M. guilliermondii infections occur in individuals with malignancy. In recent decades, incidence of M. guilliermondii infections is increased. Sensitivity of this microorganism to conventional antifungals (e.g., amphotericin B, fluconazole, micafungin and anidulafungin) was reduced. Prophylactic and empirical uses of these drugs are linked to elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of M. guilliermondii. Drug resistance has concerned many researchers across the world. They are attempting to discover appropriate solution to combat this challenge. This study reviews the most important mechanisms of resistance to antifungals developed by in M. guilliermondii species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Lotfali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Rezaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ataollah Madinehzad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Falah Tafti
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Aliabadi
- Microbiology Department Islamic, Azad University Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Fattahi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Auchtung TA, Stewart CJ, Smith DP, Triplett EW, Agardh D, Hagopian WA, Ziegler AG, Rewers MJ, She JX, Toppari J, Lernmark Å, Akolkar B, Krischer JP, Vehik K, Auchtung JM, Ajami NJ, Petrosino JF. Temporal changes in gastrointestinal fungi and the risk of autoimmunity during early childhood: the TEDDY study. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3151. [PMID: 35672407 PMCID: PMC9174155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30686-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a major health problem that often begin in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbe interactions in early childhood are critical for proper immune responses, yet there is little known about the development of the fungal population from infancy into childhood. Here, as part of the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study, we examine stool samples of 888 children from 3 to 48 months and find considerable differences between fungi and bacteria. The metagenomic relative abundance of fungi was extremely low but increased while weaning from milk and formula. Overall fungal diversity remained constant over time, in contrast with the increase in bacterial diversity. Fungal profiles had high temporal variation, but there was less variation from month-to-month in an individual than among different children of the same age. Fungal composition varied with geography, diet, and the use of probiotics. Multiple Candida spp. were at higher relative abundance in children than adults, while Malassezia and certain food-associated fungi were lower in children. There were only subtle fungal differences associated with the subset of children that developed islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes. Having proper fungal exposures may be crucial for children to establish appropriate responses to fungi and limit the risk of infection: the data here suggests those gastrointestinal exposures are limited and variable.
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Grants
- U01 DK063821 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063863 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UL1 TR002535 NCATS NIH HHS
- U01 DK063790 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UL1 TR000064 NCATS NIH HHS
- HHSN267200700014C NLM NIH HHS
- U01 DK063836 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063829 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063865 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK095300 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063861 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063829 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063821 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK117483 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063836 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK112243 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK124166 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063861 NIDDK NIH HHS
- P30 ES030285 NIEHS NIH HHS
- U01 DK128847 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063865 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063863 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK106955 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK100238 NIDDK NIH HHS
- This research was performed on behalf of the TEDDY Study Group, which is funded by U01 DK63829, U01 DK63861, U01 DK63821, U01 DK63865, U01 DK63863, U01 DK63836, U01 DK63790, UC4 DK63829, UC4 DK63861, UC4 DK63821, UC4 DK63865, UC4 DK63863, UC4 DK63836, UC4 DK95300, UC4 DK100238, UC4 DK106955, UC4 DK112243, UC4 DK117483, U01 DK124166, U01 DK128847, and Contract No. HHSN267200700014C from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and JDRF. This work is supported in part by the NIH/NCATS Clinical and Translational Science Awards to the University of Florida (UL1 TR000064) and the University of Colorado (UL1 TR002535).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Auchtung
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Christopher J Stewart
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel P Smith
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric W Triplett
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Center, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Anette G Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technische Universität München, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Jinfiniti Precision Medicine, Inc, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beena Akolkar
- National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kendra Vehik
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer M Auchtung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Ebrahimi-Shaghaghi F, Noormohammadi Z, Atyabi SM, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Inhibitory effects of cold atmospheric plasma on the growth, virulence factors and HSP90 gene expression in Candida albicans. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 700:108772. [PMID: 33485850 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the abundance of antifungal therapies, 75% of women in the world suffer from the second most common cause of vaginal infection named vulvovaginal candidiasis. This complication is characterized with overgrowth of Candida albicans. The low efficacy and side effects of current antifungal therapies have convinced the researchers to look for a non-antibiotic based treatment such as cold atmospheric plasmas (CAP). The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of CAP on C. albicans growth, ergosterol and biofilm formation. In addition, antibiotic resistance, phospholipase and proteinase activity, and structural properties were examined with different exposure duration. Putative critical effect of CAP on the expression of HSP90 as a target of anti-fungal therapy was investigated. ROS production in C. albicans exposed to CAP was assessed. For this purpose, C. albicans subjected to 0, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 s of He/O2 (2%), and non-treated cells as control were examined in terms of the mentioned virulence factors. The results showed that CAP had a significant effect on inhibition of C. albicans growth, Inhibition of biofilm formation, ergosterol content, and fluconazole and amphotericin B antibiotic sensitivity were significant in 210 s treatment group. This effect was validated based on changes of the cell architecture and morphology given the microscopy imaging results. The expression of HSP90 in both C. albicans ATCC 10231 and C. albicans PFCC 9362 was inhibited in 210 s of exposition. CAP exposition induced intracellular ROS, which may cause membrane damage and cell death in C. albicans. Taken together, the potential of CAP for therapeutic purposes in C. albicans-induced fungal infections is supported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Noormohammadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Mohammad Atyabi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran.
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Sadeghi G, Mousavi SF, Ebrahimi-Rad M, Mirabzadeh-Ardekani E, Eslamifar A, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Jahanshiri Z, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. In vivo and in vitro Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Candida albicans Strains Isolated from Cutaneous Candidiasis. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2020; 24:324-32. [PMID: 32429646 PMCID: PMC7392142 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.24.5.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The Candida albicans is one of the most important global opportunistic pathogens, and the incidence of candidiasis has increased over the past few decades. Despite the established role of skin in defense against fungal invasion, little has been documented about the pathogenesis of Candida species when changing from normal flora to pathogens of vaginal and gastrointestinal epithelia. This study was carried out to determine the in vivo and in vitro pathogenesis of clinical C. albicans strains isolated from skin lesions. Methods In this study, association of in vivo and in vitro pathogenesis of C. albicans isolates with different evolutionary origins was investigated. Oral and systemic experimental candidiasis was established in BALB/C mice. The expression levels of secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP1-3 genes), morphological transformation, and biofilm-forming ability of C. albicans were evaluated. Results All the strains showed in vitro and in vivo pathogenicity by various extents. The SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3 genes were expressed in 50%, 100%, and 75% of the strains, respectively. The biofilm formation ability was negative in 12% of the strains, while it was considerable in 38% of the strains. Fifty percent of the strains had no phospholipase activity, and no one demonstrated high level of this pathogenesis factor. Relatively all the strains had very low potency to form pseudohyphae. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that Candida albicans strains isolated from cutaneous candidiasis were able to cause oral and systemic infections in mice, so they could be considered as the potential agents of life-threatening nosocomial candidiasis in susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnar Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | | | - Mina Ebrahimi-Rad
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | | | - Ali Eslamifar
- Department of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-331, Iran
| | - Zahra Jahanshiri
- Department of Medical Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
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9
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Jahanshiri Z, Manifar S, Hatami F, Arastehnazar F, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Genotyping of Candida albicans isolates from oropharyngeal candidiasis in head and neck cancer patients in Iran: Molecular epidemiology and SAP2 gene expression. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:310-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Frías-De-León MG, Martínez-Herrera E, Acosta-Altamirano G, Arenas R, Rodríguez-Cerdeira C. Superficial candidosis by Candida duobushaemulonii: An emerging microorganism. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103960. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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de Paula Menezes R, Silva FF, Melo SGO, Alves PGV, Brito MO, de Souza Bessa MA, Amante Penatti MP, Pedroso RS, Abdallah VOS, Röder DVDB. Characterization of Candida species isolated from the hands of the healthcare workers in the neonatal intensive care unit. Med Mycol 2019; 57:588-594. [PMID: 30388269 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization of health professional hands by potentially pathogenic microorganisms capable to expressing virulence factors, such as Candida spp., is worrisome because of the high contact between patients and professionals. The study aims to evaluate, in vitro, the following virulence factors: hemolytic activity, DNAse expression, biofilm formation, and susceptibility for antifungal agents of Candida species isolated from health professionals hands of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The study includes 50 isolates of Candida spp.: 19 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, three C. metapsilosis, one C. orthopsilosis, seven C. albicans, six C. famata, five C. lusitaniae, three C. krusei, two C. kefyr, two C. tropicalis, one C. glabrata, and one C. guilliermondii. The hemolytic activity and DNAse were investigated using blood agar and DNAse agar, respectively. Biofilm production was evaluated through XTT sodium salt reduction ability, and the susceptibility of the isolates to antifungals through the microdilution methodology. Forty-nine isolates presented at least one of the three virulence factors investigated. C. albicans showed more intense hemolytic activity. DNAse production was statistically significant between the C. parapsilosis complex and C. albicans, as well as between the C. parapsilosis complex and C. krusei, even as between C. famata and C. albicans, and between C. famata and C. krusei. Forty-three isolates produced biofilm. Seventy-eight percent of the isolates were sensitive to the three antifungals tested. This study demonstrated that Candida isolated from healthcare professionals' hands has virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralciane de Paula Menezes
- HealthTechnical School- ESTES, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine- FAMED, UFU, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe F Silva
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine- FAMED, UFU, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila G V Alves
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine- FAMED, UFU, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Murilo O Brito
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine- FAMED, UFU, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Reginaldo S Pedroso
- HealthTechnical School- ESTES, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine- FAMED, UFU, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Vânia O S Abdallah
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine- FAMED, UFU, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise von D B Röder
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine- FAMED, UFU, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICBIM, UFU, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
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12
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Yu SY, Zhang L, Chen S, Kong F, Xiao M, Wang H, Hou X, Zhou ML, Zhang G, Zhang JJ, Duan SM, Kang W, Xu YC. Candida isolates causing refractory or recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis in 11 hospitals in China. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:865-875. [PMID: 31114266 PMCID: PMC6489570 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s199359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We studied the species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida isolates causing refractory or recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in a multicenter study in China (2013–2016). Methods: Species identification was performed using the Bruker Biotyper (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry system supplemented by internal transcribed spacer sequencing as required. Antifungal susceptibilities were determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document (CLSI) M27-A3 broth microdilution methodology. Results: A total of 558 non-duplicate Candida isolates comprising 10 species were obtained from 535 patients. Candida albicans was the most common species (89.6%), followed by C. glabrata (5.2%), C. tropicalis (2.9%), and C. parapsilosis (0.7%). Azoles were active against C. albicans with susceptibility rates of 96% and 95.8% for fluconazole and voriconazole, respectively. MIC50 values of C. albicans to fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, and miconazole were 1, 0.03, 0.25 and 0.12 μg/mL, respectively, higher than those in previous studies of which OPC patients (corresponding MIC50 values of 0.25 , 0.015 , 0.06 , and 0.03 μg/mL). Except for itraconazole, the MIC50 and MIC90 values of 58 non-C. albicans to other azoles were two to threefold higher than C. albicans. Miconazole, amphotericin B, nystatin, and 5-flucytosine had good in vitro antifungal activity for all isolates. Conclusion: The study provides valuable data on the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of oropharyngeal Candida isolates from geographically diverse areas of China. C. albicans remains the most common species but with increasing rates of azoles resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sharon Chen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR -New South Wales Health Pathology, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fanrong Kong
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR -New South Wales Health Pathology, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Lan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Meng Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, People's Republic of China
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13
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Shimoyama H, Satoh K, Makimura K, Sei Y. Epidemiological survey of onychomycosis pathogens in Japan by real-time PCR. Med Mycol 2018; 57:675-680. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn Japan, an epidemiological survey of onychomycosis pathogens was performed using culture methods; however, the positive culture rate was 40% or less. As part of an epidemiological survey of dermatomycoses in Japan, we overcame this low positive rate by employing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that allowed rapid and accurate detection and identification. In 2011, nail specimens were collected from patients at nine institutes in various prefectures in Japan and diagnosed as onychomycosis. For the detection and identification of the main pathogens causing onychomycosis, we performed real-time PCR using specific TaqMan® MGB probes and primer sets. Of the 496 onychomycosis samples, real-time PCR detected 382 cases (77.0%) caused by Trichophyton rubrum; 74 cases (15.0%) caused by Trichophyton interdigitale; and eight cases (1.6%) caused by Candida albicans. The real-time PCR positive rate was 96.2%. The most frequent pathogen was T. rubrum throughout life, with the number of patients affected peaking in the range of 60 to 69 years of age and no significant differences in the composition of causative pathogens by sex. We were able to detect and identify pathogens from almost all specimens and succeeded in analyzing the pathogens involved in onychomycosis cases in Japan. These data confirmed that our real-time PCR method was effective for detecting and identifying the main fungal pathogens from onychomycosis specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harunari Shimoyama
- Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital
- Medical Mycology Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University
- Epidemiological Investigation Committee for Human Mycoses in the Japanese Society for Medical Mycology
| | - Kazuo Satoh
- Medical Mycology Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University
- General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University
| | - Koichi Makimura
- Medical Mycology Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University
- General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University
| | - Yoshihiro Sei
- Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital
- Epidemiological Investigation Committee for Human Mycoses in the Japanese Society for Medical Mycology
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14
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Sahal G, Bilkay IS. Distribution of clinical isolates of Candida spp. and antifungal susceptibility of high biofilm-forming Candida isolates. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 51:644-650. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0136-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Miranda-Cadena K, Marcos-Arias C, Mateo E, Aguirre JM, Quindós G, Eraso E. Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and their close-related species in oral candidiasis. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:100-107. [PMID: 30096698 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the importance of Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and their close-related species, Candida bracarensis, Candida nivariensis, Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis in patients with oral candidiasis and, to determine the in vitro activities of antifungal drugs currently used for the treatment. METHODS One hundred fourteen isolates of C. glabrata and 97 of C. parapsilosis, previously identified by conventional mycological methods, were analysed by molecular techniques. In vitro antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, and nystatin was evaluated by CLSI M44-A2 disk diffusion test, and by CLSI M27-A3 microdilution for fluconazole. RESULTS All C. glabrata isolates were identified as C. glabrata sensu stricto, 93 out of 97 C. parapsilosis isolates as C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, three as C. orthopsilosis and one as C. metapsilosis. Candida glabrata was mainly isolated in mixed cultures but C. parapsilosis complex was more frequent in pure culture. Candida metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis were isolated as pure culture and both species were susceptible to all antifungal agents tested. Most C. glabrata isolates were susceptible to miconazole and nystatin, but resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole. Azole cross resistance was also observed. Candida parapsilosis isolates were susceptible to fluconazole although azole cross resistance to miconazole and itraconazole was observed. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of accurate identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of oral Candida isolates in order to have an in-depth understanding of the role of C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis in oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Miranda-Cadena
- UFI 11/25 "Microbios y Salud", Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cristina Marcos-Arias
- UFI 11/25 "Microbios y Salud", Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Mateo
- UFI 11/25 "Microbios y Salud", Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Manuel Aguirre
- UFI 11/25 "Microbios y Salud", Departamento de Estomatología II, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quindós
- UFI 11/25 "Microbios y Salud", Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elena Eraso
- UFI 11/25 "Microbios y Salud", Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain.
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16
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de Oliveira Santos GC, Vasconcelos CC, Lopes AJO, de Sousa Cartágenes MDS, Filho AKDB, do Nascimento FRF, Ramos RM, Pires ERRB, de Andrade MS, Rocha FMG, de Andrade Monteiro C. Candida Infections and Therapeutic Strategies: Mechanisms of Action for Traditional and Alternative Agents. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1351. [PMID: 30018595 PMCID: PMC6038711 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Candida genus comprises opportunistic fungi that can become pathogenic when the immune system of the host fails. Candida albicans is the most important and prevalent species. Polyenes, fluoropyrimidines, echinocandins, and azoles are used as commercial antifungal agents to treat candidiasis. However, the presence of intrinsic and developed resistance against azole antifungals has been extensively documented among several Candida species. The advent of original and re-emergence of classical fungal diseases have occurred as a consequence of the development of the antifungal resistance phenomenon. In this way, the development of new satisfactory therapy for fungal diseases persists as a major challenge of present-day medicine. The design of original drugs from traditional medicines provides new promises in the modern clinic. The urgent need includes the development of alternative drugs that are more efficient and tolerant than those traditional already in use. The identification of new substances with potential antifungal effect at low concentrations or in combination is also a possibility. The present review briefly examines the infections caused by Candida species and focuses on the mechanisms of action associated with the traditional agents used to treat those infections, as well as the current understanding of the molecular basis of resistance development in these fungal species. In addition, this review describes some of the promising alternative molecules and/or substances that could be used as anticandidal agents, their mechanisms of action, and their use in combination with traditional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle C. de Oliveira Santos
- Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Cleydlenne C. Vasconcelos
- Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Alberto J. O. Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Allan K. D. B. Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo M. Ramos
- Department of Information, Environment, Health and Food Production, Laboratory of Information Systems, Federal Institute of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo S. de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Flaviane M. G. Rocha
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Programa de Mestrado em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Andrade Monteiro
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Programa de Mestrado em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
- Departmento de Biologia, Instituto Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
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17
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Dabiri S, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Comparative analysis of proteinase, phospholipase, hydrophobicity and biofilm forming ability in Candida species isolated from clinical specimens. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:437-442. [PMID: 29778633 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Candida species are the commensal organisms of human and animal mucosa that cause a wide range of debilitating diseases in immunocompromised patients and other susceptible individuals. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of clinical isolates of various Candida species to produce proteinase and phospholipase, hydrophobicity and biofilm forming ability that assumed to have a vital role in Candida pathogenicity. Eighty-four Candida strains belonged to Candida albicans (44.1%), C. glabrata (5.9%), C. guilliermondii (5.9%), C. krusei (10.8%), C. parapsilosis (26.2%), and C. tropicalis (7.1%) were examined for proteinase and phospholipase production, cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm forming ability. The production of proteinase and phospholipase was detected in 81 (96.4%) and 79 (94.1%) of the strains, respectively. C. albicans showed the highest proteinase and phospholipase activity (mean Pz values of 0.42±0.25 and 0.72±0.28) and biofilm formation ability (0.66±0.22). C. parapsilosis had the highest hydrophobicity (42.97±16.1), which showed a good correlation with biofilm formation ability. A considerable percentage of non-albicans Candida strains produced significant amounts of proteinase and phospholipase with a good ability of biofilm formation in vitro. Taken together, our results further substantiated that enzymatic activity, hydrophobicity and the ability for biofilm formation are important virulence factors which may be account for pathogenicity of various Candida species distributed in albicans and non-albicans groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dabiri
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-331, Iran
| | - M Shams-Ghahfarokhi
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-331, Iran.
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18
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Jahanshiri Z, Manifar S, Moosa H, Asghari-Paskiabi F, Mahmoodzadeh H, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Oropharyngeal candidiasis in head and neck cancer patients in Iran: Species identification, antifungal susceptibility and pathogenic characterization. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:361-366. [PMID: 29602636 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most frequent opportunistic fungal infection in head and neck cancer patients. This study was done to identify the Candida species, which cause OPC, and to evaluate their antifungal susceptibility pattern and pathogenic characteristics in Iranian head and neck cancer patients treated by radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The oral clinical samples were determined by culturing on CHROMagar, carbohydrate assimilation and ITS sequencing methods. Biofilm formation, phospholipase and proteinase activity and antifungal susceptibility were examined too. RESULTS Among 54 patients with confirmed OPC, 39 (72.22%) patients were male and 15 (27.77%) were female. The most frequently Candida species from a total of 60 isolates was C. albicans (53.3%), followed by C. tropicalis (21.66%), C. glabrata (15%), C. kefyr (5%) and C. dubliniensis (1.66%). All the isolates were high-producers of biofilm. All of Candida isolates were proteinase positive and 47 isolates (81.04%) represented phospholipase activity. The maximum and minimum rates of antifungal resistance belonged to ketoconazole (93.75% of C. albicans and 89.28% of Candida non-albicans) and fluconazole (62.50% and 42.85% of C. albicans and Candida non-albicans), respectively. The most effective antifungal against all candida isolates was fluconazole. CONCLUSION Our data can estimate abundance of OPC in male and female head and neck cancer patients and is helpful to use effective strategies for antifungal treatment, prophylaxis, and preventive therapies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Jahanshiri
- Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 12, Farvardin street, Tehran 13164, Iran.
| | - S Manifar
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Cancer Institute of Tehran, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Moosa
- Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 12, Farvardin street, Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - F Asghari-Paskiabi
- Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 12, Farvardin street, Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - H Mahmoodzadeh
- Department of General Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Cancer Institute of Tehran, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Shams-Ghahfarokhi
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Razzaghi-Abyaneh
- Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 12, Farvardin street, Tehran 13164, Iran
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19
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Sadeghi G, Ebrahimi-Rad M, Mousavi SF, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Emergence of non-Candida albicans species: Epidemiology, phylogeny and fluconazole susceptibility profile. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:51-58. [PMID: 29366545 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-Candida albicans (NCA) species now account for a significant part of clinical candidiasis worldwide. In the present study, epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility profile of NCA isolated from various forms of candidiasis were studied with special focus on their phylogenetic relationship by ITS sequencing. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-nine NCA isolates were isolated from skin and nail scrapings (67.0%), vaginal discharges (8.8%), blood (8.8%), sputa (5.0%), urine (5.0%), oral swabs (2.6%), biopsy and eye tumor, each (1.4%). These isolates were identified by morphological, biochemical and molecular (ITS sequencing) techniques. In vitro antifungal susceptibility of the isolates to fluconazole (FCZ) was tested according to the CLSI method (M27-S4). RESULTS Among a total number of 79 cases of proven NCA infections, C. parapsilosis (36.8%) was the most prevalent species followed by C. glabrata (32.9%), C. orthopsilosis (11.4%), C. tropicalis (8.9%), C. krusei (5.0%) and C. guilliermondii (5.0%). The susceptibility to FCZ was assessed for C. parapsilosis (96.5%), C. orthopsilosis (88.9%), C. tropicalis (85.7%) and C. guilliermondii (50.0%). C. glabrata and C. krusei isolates were not susceptible to FCZ. NCA species were distributed in various phylogenetic clades including C. glabrata (1), C. tropicalis (3), C. parapsilosis (6) and C. orthopsilosis, C. krusei and C. guilliermondii (each 2). CONCLUSION C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata were the most predominant NCA species involve in the etiology of candidiasis. C. orthopsilosis was reported from superficial candidiasis. Taken together, our results further substantiate the increasing importance of the involvement of NCA species in the etiology of candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ebrahimi-Rad
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - S F Mousavi
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - M Shams-Ghahfarokhi
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-331 Tehran, Iran
| | - M Razzaghi-Abyaneh
- Department of Medical Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Abbasi Nejat Z, Farahyar S, Falahati M, Ashrafi Khozani M, Hosseini AF, Faiazy A, Ekhtiari M, Hashemi-Hafshenjani S. Molecular Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Non-albicans Candida Species Isolated from Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2018; 22:33-41. [PMID: 28688376 PMCID: PMC5712382 DOI: 10.22034/ibj.22.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an important health problem caused by Candida spp. The aim of this study was molecular identification, phylogenetic analysis, and evaluation of antifungal susceptibility of non-albicans Candida isolates from VVC. Methods Vaginal secretion samples were collected from 550 vaginitis patients at Sayyad Shirazi Medical and Educational Center of Gorgan (Golestan Province, Iran) from May to October 2015. Samples were analyzed using conventional mycological and molecular approaches. Clinical isolates were analyzed with specific PCR using CGL primers, and the internal transcribed spacer region and the D1-D2 domain of the large-subunit rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced. Susceptibility to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and clotrimazole was determined by the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Results In total, 35 non-albicans Candida isolates were identified from VVC patients. The isolates included 27 strains of Candida glabrata (77.1%), 5 Candida krusei (Pichia kudriavzevii; 14.3%), 2 Candida kefyr (Kluyveromyces marxianus; 5.7%), and 1 Candida lusitaniae (Clavispora lusitaniae; 2.9%). The fungicides itraconazole and amphotericin B were effective against all species. One isolate of C. glabrata showed resistance to fluconazole and clotrimazole, and 26 isolates of C. glabrata indicated dose-dependent susceptibility to fluconazole. C. lusitaniae was susceptible in a dose-dependent manner to fluconazole and resistant to clotrimazole. Conclusion Non-albicans Candida spp. are common agents of vulvovaginitis, and C. glabrata is the most common species in the tested patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Abbasi Nejat
- International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Farahyar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehraban Falahati
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Ashrafi Khozani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aga Fateme Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azamsadat Faiazy
- 5Department of Gynecology, Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoome Ekhtiari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Hashemi-Hafshenjani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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In vitro susceptibility of Candida albicans clinical isolates to eight antifungal agents in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). J Mycol Med 2017; 27:469-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Reyes-Montes MDR, Duarte-Escalante E, Martínez-Herrera E, Acosta-Altamirano G, Frías-De León MG. Current status of the etiology of candidiasis in Mexico. Rev Iberoam Micol 2017; 34:203-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Rodrigues CF, Rodrigues ME, Silva S, Henriques M. Candida glabrata Biofilms: How Far Have We Come? J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:E11. [PMID: 29371530 PMCID: PMC5715960 DOI: 10.3390/jof3010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Candida species have been increasing in the last decades and can result in local or systemic infections, with high morbidity and mortality. After Candida albicans, Candida glabrata is one of the most prevalent pathogenic fungi in humans. In addition to the high antifungal drugs resistance and inability to form hyphae or secret hydrolases, C. glabrata retain many virulence factors that contribute to its extreme aggressiveness and result in a low therapeutic response and serious recurrent candidiasis, particularly biofilm formation ability. For their extraordinary organization, especially regarding the complex structure of the matrix, biofilms are very resistant to antifungal treatments. Thus, new approaches to the treatment of C. glabrata's biofilms are emerging. In this article, the knowledge available on C. glabrata's resistance will be highlighted, with a special focus on biofilms, as well as new therapeutic alternatives to control them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia F Rodrigues
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Maria Elisa Rodrigues
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Silva
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Henriques
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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24
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De-la-Torre J, Ortiz-Samperio ME, Marcos-Arias C, Marichalar-Mendia X, Eraso E, Echebarria-Goicouria MÁ, Aguirre-Urizar JM, Quindós G. In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Oral Candida Isolates from Patients Suffering from Caries and Chronic Periodontitis. Mycopathologia 2017; 182:471-485. [PMID: 28124220 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Caries and chronic periodontitis are common oral diseases where a higher Candida colonization is reported. Antifungal agents could be adjuvant drugs for the therapy of both clinical conditions. The aim of the current study has been to evaluate the in vitro activities of conventional and new antifungal drugs against oral Candida isolates from patients suffering from caries and/or chronic periodontitis. In vitro activities of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, nystatin, posaconazole and voriconazole against 126 oral Candida isolates (75 Candida albicans, 18 Candida parapsilosis, 11 Candida dubliniensis, six Candida guilliermondii, five Candida lipolytica, five Candida glabrata, four Candida tropicalis and two Candida krusei) from 61 patients were tested by the CLSI M27-A3 method. Most antifungal drugs were highly active, and resistance was observed in less than 5% of tested isolates. Miconazole was the most active antifungal drug, being more than 98% of isolates susceptible. Fluconazole, itraconazole, and the new triazoles, posaconazole and voriconazole, were also very active. Miconazole, fluconazole and voriconazole have excellent in vitro activities against all Candida isolates and could represent suitable treatment for a hypothetically adjunctive therapy of caries and chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janire De-la-Torre
- Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, UFI 11/25, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Apartado 699, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Unidad de Medicina Bucal, Servicio Clínica Odontológica, Departamento de Estomatología II, UFI 11/25, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Esther Ortiz-Samperio
- Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, UFI 11/25, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Apartado 699, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cristina Marcos-Arias
- Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, UFI 11/25, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Apartado 699, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Xabier Marichalar-Mendia
- Unidad de Medicina Bucal, Servicio Clínica Odontológica, Departamento de Estomatología II, UFI 11/25, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elena Eraso
- Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, UFI 11/25, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Apartado 699, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Echebarria-Goicouria
- Unidad de Medicina Bucal, Servicio Clínica Odontológica, Departamento de Estomatología II, UFI 11/25, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Manuel Aguirre-Urizar
- Unidad de Medicina Bucal, Servicio Clínica Odontológica, Departamento de Estomatología II, UFI 11/25, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quindós
- Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, UFI 11/25, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Apartado 699, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
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Amirrajab N, Badali H, Didehdar M, Afsarian MH, Mohammadi R, Lotfi N, Shokohi T. In Vitro Activities of Six Antifungal Drugs Against Candida glabrata Isolates: An Emerging Pathogen. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e36638. [PMID: 27540459 PMCID: PMC4977912 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.36638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida glabrata is a pathogenic yeast with several unique biological features and associated with an increased incidence rate of candidiasis. It exhibits a great degree of variation in its pathogenicity and antifungal susceptibility. Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of the following six antifungal drugs against clinical C. glabrata strains: amphotericin B (AmB), ketoconazole (KTZ), fluconazole (FCZ), itraconazole (ITZ), voriconazole (VCZ), and caspofungin (CASP). Materials and Methods Forty clinical C. glabrata strains were investigated using DNA sequencing. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility was determined as described in clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) documents (M27-A3 and M27-S4). Results The sequence analysis of the isolate confirmed as C. glabrata and deposited on NCBI GenBank under the accession number no. KT763084-KT763123. The geometric mean MICs against all the tested strains were as follows, in increasing order: CASP (0.17 g/mL), VCZ (0.67 g/mL), AmB (1.1 g/mL), ITZ (1.82 g/mL), KTZ (1.85 g/mL), and FCZ (6.7 g/mL). The resistance rates of the isolates to CASP, FCZ, ITZ, VZ, KTZ, and AmB were 5%, 10%, 72.5%, 37.5%, 47.5%, and 27.5%, respectively. Conclusions These findings confirm that CASP, compared to the other antifungals, is the potent agent for treating candidiasis caused by C. glabrata. However, the clinical efficacy of these novel antifungals remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Amirrajab
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine and Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
| | - Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran
| | | | - Rasoul Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Nazanin Lotfi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Tahereh Shokohi, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran. Tel: +98-1133543081-3, Fax: +98-1133543248, E-mail:
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Ataides FS, Costa CR, Souza LKHE, Fernandes ODL, Jesuino RSA, Silva MDRR. Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida parapsilosis complex species isolated from culture collection of clinical samples. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 48:454-9. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0120-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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