1
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Kucukkaya IC, Gulsever CI, Dolas I, Genc GE, Kuskucu MA, Sabanci PA, Erturan Z. First case of Rhinocladiella mackenziei brain abscess in Turkey: Case report and review of the literature. Mycoses 2023; 66:755-766. [PMID: 37165906 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhinocladiella mackenziei is a highly neurotropic fungus, mainly reported from the Middle East. However, in recent years, there have been some cases from outside this region. We described an additional fatal case of R. mackenziei cerebral infection for the first time from Turkey and made a literature review of all previously reported cases. During 34 years (1988-2022), there have been 42 R. mackenziei brain abscess cases. Most patients have been reported from Saudi Arabia (n = 14, 33.3%). It is noteworthy that 40.5% of patients, including our case, were immunocompetent at initial diagnosis and mostly presented with a single lesion (n = 10, 23.8%). The most frequent comorbidities were solid organ transplant (n = 9, 21.4%), diabetes mellitus (n = 6, 14.3%), malignancy (n = 6, 14.3%) and prior surgery (n = 3, 7.1%). The most commonly used initial antifungal regimen were amphotericin B together with itraconazole (n = 9, 21.4%), combinations of lipid preparations of amphotericin B, voriconazole and/or posaconazole (n = 9, 21.4%) and amphotericin B alone (n = 8, 19%). Although both surgical procedures and antifungal medication in the majority of patients were performed, mortality rates remained high (90.4%). The area at risk of R. mackenziei cerebral abscess cases extends to other countries. Clinicians should be aware of this emerging disease and take a detailed travel history in patients with atypical and undocumented brain abscesses. Our case confirms the hypothesis that this fungus might spread more widely than previously predicted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cafer Ikbal Gulsever
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Dolas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonca Erkose Genc
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Ahmet Kuskucu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- İş-Bank Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pulat Akin Sabanci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zayre Erturan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Aldraihem M, Aldosary O, Almasaud WK, Alqurashi RN, Abu-Amara AB. Rhinocladiella mackenziei cerebral phaeohyphomycosis with a definitive outcome. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e250787. [PMID: 37221005 PMCID: PMC10230860 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-250787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A right-handed man in his early 60s with hypertension controlled by a single prescription medication presented with left-sided heaviness and intermittent right occipital headache. Initial diagnostic workup was unremarkable. CT revealed an enhancing lesion located in the right parietal lobe, with mild mass effect on the right occipital horn, indicative of a brain abscess. The patient was initially treated with a course of empirical antibiotics, including ceftriaxone, vancomycin, metronidazole and dexamethasone. The neurosurgery team aspirated the abscess the following day and extracted yellow pus that was sampled for bacterial and fungal cultures. These cultures returned positive for Rhinocladiella mackenziei, prompting a discontinuation of the empirical antibiotics and initiation of intravenous liposomal amphotericin B for 4 weeks. Intravenous posaconazole was added to the patient's existing therapy regimen, which was substituted with oral isavuconazole on discharge. The patient continues to take isavuconazole, and follow-up imaging has demonstrated regression of the abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oweida Aldosary
- Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Chegini Z, Shariati A, Asghari A, Rajaeih S, Ghorbani M, Jalessi M, Mirshekar M, Razavi S. Molecular analysis of dominant paranasal sinus bacteria in patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:327. [PMID: 35575834 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have established the possible role of microbiota in developing various diseases. In this regard, attention has shifted to the evaluation of microbiota changes in the paranasal sinuses and its relationship to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), especially CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). This study aimed to examine the bacterial communities of the sphenoidal sinus in Iranian patients with and without CRS. The investigation included 36 subjects, including 18 patients with CRSwNP who underwent Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) and 18 non-CRS patients who underwent Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA) for pituitary adenoma. The surgeries were performed under general anesthesia, and the sphenoidal sinus was sampled using sterile rayon-tipped swabs coated with a sheet. TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method (the 16S rDNA gene from bacteria) was used for detection of bacterial communities in different samples. Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were significantly more prevalent in CRS patients than non-CRS patients (P value ≤ 0.05). However, no significant difference in the frequency of Corynebacterium spp. and Staphylococcus aureus was observed between the two groups, and no Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenza species were isolated from any of the samples. The current study's findings indicated a significant difference in the frequency of certain bacterial species in patients with CRS vs. non-CRS patients. By establishing a link between microbial burden and CRS, it is possible to develop effective treatments or even prevent disorders in this body area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Chegini
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat highway, next to Milad tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Rajaeih
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalessi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirshekar
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat highway, next to Milad tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Razavi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat highway, next to Milad tower, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Vitale RG, Giudicessi SL, Romero SM, Al-Hatmi AMS, Li Q, de Hoog GS. Recent developments in less known and multi-resistant fungal opportunists. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:762-780. [PMID: 34096817 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1927978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections have increased in recent years due to host factors, such as oncohaematological and transplant-related disorders, immunosuppressive therapy, and AIDS. Additionally, molecular and proteomic facilities have become available to identify previously unrecognizable opportunists. For these reasons, reports on less-known and recalcitrant mycoses, such as those caused by black fungi, hyaline filamentous fungi, coelomycetes, Mucorales, and non-Candida yeasts have emerged. In this review, novel taxonomy in these groups, which often are multi-resistant to one or several classes of antifungals, is discussed. Clinical presentations, diagnosis and current treatment of some major groups are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana G Vitale
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Parasitología, Sector Micología, Hospital J. M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana L Giudicessi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stella M Romero
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud, University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Natural & Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Omán
| | - Qirui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud, University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, People's Hospital of Suzhou, National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Suzhou, PR China
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5
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Grimm M, Grube M, Schiefelbein U, Zühlke D, Bernhardt J, Riedel K. The Lichens' Microbiota, Still a Mystery? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:623839. [PMID: 33859626 PMCID: PMC8042158 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.623839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens represent self-supporting symbioses, which occur in a wide range of terrestrial habitats and which contribute significantly to mineral cycling and energy flow at a global scale. Lichens usually grow much slower than higher plants. Nevertheless, lichens can contribute substantially to biomass production. This review focuses on the lichen symbiosis in general and especially on the model species Lobaria pulmonaria L. Hoffm., which is a large foliose lichen that occurs worldwide on tree trunks in undisturbed forests with long ecological continuity. In comparison to many other lichens, L. pulmonaria is less tolerant to desiccation and highly sensitive to air pollution. The name-giving mycobiont (belonging to the Ascomycota), provides a protective layer covering a layer of the green-algal photobiont (Dictyochloropsis reticulata) and interspersed cyanobacterial cell clusters (Nostoc spec.). Recently performed metaproteome analyses confirm the partition of functions in lichen partnerships. The ample functional diversity of the mycobiont contrasts the predominant function of the photobiont in production (and secretion) of energy-rich carbohydrates, and the cyanobiont's contribution by nitrogen fixation. In addition, high throughput and state-of-the-art metagenomics and community fingerprinting, metatranscriptomics, and MS-based metaproteomics identify the bacterial community present on L. pulmonaria as a surprisingly abundant and structurally integrated element of the lichen symbiosis. Comparative metaproteome analyses of lichens from different sampling sites suggest the presence of a relatively stable core microbiome and a sampling site-specific portion of the microbiome. Moreover, these studies indicate how the microbiota may contribute to the symbiotic system, to improve its health, growth and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grimm
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Grube
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Daniela Zühlke
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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6
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Layegh P, Tayyebi Meibodi N, Razmyar M, Taghizadeh-Armaki M, Zarrinfar H. Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cyphellophora ludoviensis: A novel case report from Iran. Australas J Dermatol 2020; 61:250-252. [PMID: 32236938 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis is a rare and unusual infection that can be caused by dematiaceous fungi. Cyphellophora is an uncommon aetiological agent of cutaneous and systemic fungal infections. This study describes a case of disseminated phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. ludoviensis in Iran. The molecular identification of the isolates was established by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The patient was successfully treated with an 8-month course of systemic voriconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouran Layegh
- Cutaneous Leishmanaisis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naser Tayyebi Meibodi
- Cutaneous Leishmanaisis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Razmyar
- Cutaneous Leishmanaisis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Taghizadeh-Armaki
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Allergy research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Velasco J, Revankar S. CNS Infections Caused by Brown-Black Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5030060. [PMID: 31295828 PMCID: PMC6787688 DOI: 10.3390/jof5030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by brown-black or dematiaceous fungi are distinctly rare and represent a small proportion of infections termed phaeohyphomycoses. However, these are becoming more commonly reported. Though many fungi have been implicated in disease, most cases are caused by only a few species, Cladophialophora bantiana being the most common. Most of the fungi described are molds, and often cause infection in immunocompetent individuals, in contrast to infection with other more common molds such as Aspergillus, which is usually seen in highly immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis is challenging, as there are no specific tests for this group of fungi. In addition, these infections are often refractory to standard drug therapies, requiring an aggressive combined surgical and medical approach to improve outcomes, yet mortality remains high. There are no standardized treatments due to a lack of randomized clinical trials, though guidelines have been published based on available data and expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Velasco
- Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sanjay Revankar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, 3990 John R. Street, 5 Hudson, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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8
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Haghani I, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Dalimi Asl A, Shokohi T, Hedayati MT. Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility of clinical fungal isolates from onychomycosis (uncommon and emerging species). Mycoses 2018; 62:128-143. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Haghani
- Department of Mycology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Abdolhossein Dalimi Asl
- Department of Medical Parasitology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Department of Medical Mycology; Invasive Fungi Research Center; School of Medicine; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences; Sari Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Hedayati
- Department of Medical Mycology; Invasive Fungi Research Center; School of Medicine; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences; Sari Iran
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9
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Mohammadi R, Mohammadi A, Ashtari F, Khorvash F, Hakamifard A, Vaezi A, Javidnia J, Meis JF, Badali H. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Rhinocladiella mackenziei in Persian Gulf region: A case and review. Mycoses 2018; 61:261-265. [PMID: 29205524 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is frequently a fatal disease caused by truly neurotropic dematiaceous fungi. Although rare, this infection occurs especially among immunocompetent patients, and the clinical symptoms are often misdiagnosed as a cerebral tumour or bacterial brain abscess. The appropriate diagnosis and therapy of cerebral infections by melanized fungi are very challenging if they are caused by mysterious fungi with unknown ecological niche. We reported the second case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Rhinocladiella mackenziei in Iran and the first culture-confirmed case. In this report, the differential diagnosis and histopathological findings are discussed and a review of the literature is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdolrasoul Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ashtari
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan Neurology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzin Khorvash
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atousa Hakamifard
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afsane Vaezi
- Student Research Committee Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Javidnia
- Student Research Committee Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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10
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Yusupov N, Merve A, Warrell CE, Johnson E, Curtis C, Samandouras G. Multiple brain abscesses caused by Rhinocladiella mackenziei in an immunocompetent patient: a case report and literature review. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:1757-1763. [PMID: 28365816 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-017-3141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Rhinocladiella mackenziei is an extremely rare infection carrying more than 80% mortality, with most cases reported from the Middle East region. This darkly pigmented black yeast is highly neurotropic, aggressive and refractory to most antifungal agents. Here we present an immunocompetent elderly male, presenting with multiple brain abscesses, with R. mackenziei confirmed by nuclear ribosomal repeat region sequencing, who was successfully treated by surgical debridement and intravenous voriconazole. To our knowledge this is the first case reported from the United Kingdom. We also present a review of all such cases so far reported in the English literature world-wide, which we believe is a step further to understanding the pathogenesis and establishing effective treatment of this rare, yet often fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan Yusupov
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ashirwad Merve
- Department of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Clare E Warrell
- Department of Microbiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 60 Whitfield St, London, W1T 4EU, UK
| | | | - Carmel Curtis
- Department of Microbiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 60 Whitfield St, London, W1T 4EU, UK
| | - George Samandouras
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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11
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Yazdanparast SA, Mohseni S, De Hoog GS, Aslani N, Sadeh A, Badali H. Consistent high prevalence of Exophiala dermatitidis, a neurotropic opportunist, on railway sleepers. J Mycol Med 2017; 27:180-187. [PMID: 28190754 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Environmental isolation of black yeasts potentially causing human disorders is essential for understanding ecology and routes of infection. Several Exophiala species show prevalence for man-made environments rich in monoaromatic compounds, such as creosote-treated or petroleum-stained railway sleepers. Ambient climatic conditions play a role in species composition in suitable habitats. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish the composition of Exophiala species in railway stations as a potential source of human infections in a subtropical region with evaluation of their antifungal susceptibility profiles. We examined 150 railway samples using cotton swabs moistened with sterile physiological saline. Black yeasts and relatives were selected on theirs colony morphology and identified based on ITS rDNA sequencing. Overall, 36 (24%) of samples were positive for black yeast-like fungi, i.e., Exophiala dermatitidis (n=20, 55.6%) was predominant, followed by E. phaeomuriformis (n=9, 25%), E. heteromorpha (n=5, 13.9%), and E. xenobiotica (n=2, 5.6%). Massive contaminations of E. dermatitidis were seen on railway sleepers on creosoted oak wood at the region close to the sea level, while in cold climates were primarily contaminated with clinically insignificant or rare human opportunists (E. crusticola). It seems that, high temperature and humidity are significant effect on species diversity. Moreover, the MIC results for all E. dermatitidis and E. phaeomuriformis strains revealed the widest range and the highest MICs to caspofungin (range 1-16mg/L, Geometric mean 4.912mg/L), and the lowest MIC for posaconazole (0.016-0.031mg/L, G mean 0.061mg/L). However, their clinical effectiveness in the treatment of Exophiala infections remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Yazdanparast
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mohseni
- Department of Microbiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - G S De Hoog
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Aslani
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - A Sadeh
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - H Badali
- Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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12
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Liu M, Xin X, Li J, Chen S. The first case of endophthalmitis due to Rhinocladiella basitona in an immunocompetent patient. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 83:49-52. [PMID: 26092510 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rhinocladiella, a genus of black yeast-like fungi, is related to many infections in humans, including not only mild cutaneous lesions but also fatal brain infections. However, endophthalmitis caused by Rhinocladiella has never been reported by far. Herein, we present the first case of endophthalmitis due to Rhinocladiella basitona. The diagnosis was based on histopathology, mycology, and molecular identification. A 53-year-old female was struck by a piece of wood in her right eye. The wound in the central cornea became an ulcer and was aggravated continuously. Hyphae were found in the corneal scraping smear. Then endophthalmitis occurred and could not be controlled by the combined intravitreal antibiotic injections and vitrectomy. Finally, penetrating keratoplasty combined with retinal reattachment surgery was performed. Topical and systemic antifungal agents were administered for more than 1 month. The patient was cured, with improved visual acuity and clear corneal graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | | | - Jing Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengjie Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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13
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La Société française de mycologie médicale en 2015. J Mycol Med 2015; 25:1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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