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Aboltaman R, Kiamehr Z, Cheraghi A, Malekfar R. Application of sensitive SERS plasmonic biosensor for high detection of metabolic disorders. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 290:122204. [PMID: 36563438 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the importance of early detection of metabolic diseases in newborns, it is essential to measure organoacids; L-Tryptophan, Sebacic acid, and Glutaric acid in very low concentrations. Therefore, the necessity of the construction of a powerful nondestructive biosensor just like the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor is demonstrated. Through the growth of silver dendritic nanostructures on different substrates like aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), indium tin oxide (ITO), and silicon (Si), a new SERS-based biosensor was developed. Because the Raman signal of molecules adsorbed on dendritic nanostructures is significantly increased, SERS biosensors based on these nanostructures can be used to detect very low concentrations of materials. In this study, first, the organoacid L-Lysine was detected up to a concentration of 10-12 M, by using a biosensor based on Al, Cu, ITO, and Si substrates. Then, by comparing the results obtained from different substrates, the silicon substrate as the most successful substrate with the best results was used in the SERS biosensor to detect the organoacids, L-Tryptophan, Sebacic acid, and Glutaric acid up to a concentration of 10-12 M. SEM imaging was used to characterize silver dendritic nanostructures on solid substrates. The successful performance of the SERS biosensor based on silver dendrites in this study promises to be effective in diagnostic applications such as cancer diagnosis (the limit of single molecular detection).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aboltaman
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
| | - Z Kiamehr
- Basic Sciences Group, Department of Marines Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran.
| | - A Cheraghi
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahid Sattari University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - R Malekfar
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-175, Iran.
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2
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Zhu R, Avsievich T, Popov A, Bykov A, Meglinski I. In vivo nano-biosensing element of red blood cell-mediated delivery. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 175:112845. [PMID: 33262059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors based on nanotechnology are developing rapidly and are widely applied in many fields including biomedicine, environmental monitoring, national defense and analytical chemistry, and have achieved vital positions in these fields. Novel nano-materials are intensively developed and manufactured for potential biosensing and theranostic applications while lacking comprehensive assessment of their potential health risks. The integration of diagnostic in vivo biosensors and the DDSs for delivery of therapeutic drugs holds an enormous potential in next-generation theranostic platforms. Controllable, precise, and safe delivery of diagnostic biosensing devices and therapeutic agents to the target tissues, organs, or cells is an important determinant in developing advanced nanobiosensor-based theranostic platforms. Particularly, inspired by the comprehensive biological investigations on the red blood cells (RBCs), advanced strategies of RBC-mediated in vivo delivery have been developed rapidly and are currently in different stages of transforming from research and design to pre-clinical and clinical investigations. In this review, the RBC-mediated delivery of in vivo nanobiosensors for applications of bio-imaging at the single-cell level, advanced medical diagnostics, and analytical detection of biomolecules and cellular activities are presented. A comprehensive perspective of the technical framework of the state-of-the-art RBC-mediated delivery systems is explained in detail to inspire the design and implementation of advanced nanobiosensor-based theranostic platforms taking advantage of RBC-delivery modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Zhu
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, 90570, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tatiana Avsievich
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, 90570, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Alexey Popov
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kaitoväylä 1, 90590, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Alexander Bykov
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, 90570, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Igor Meglinski
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, 90570, Oulu, Finland; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia; Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), 115409, Moscow, Russia; Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Clinical Medicine N.V. Sklifosovsky, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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3
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McKeating KS, Aubé A, Masson JF. Biosensors and nanobiosensors for therapeutic drug and response monitoring. Analyst 2016; 141:429-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01861g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Review of different biosensors and nanobiosensors increasingly used in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for pharmaceutical drugs with dosage limitations or toxicity issues and for therapeutic response monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Aubé
- Département de chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Département de chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Montreal
- Canada
- Centre for self-assembled chemical structures (CSACS)
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4
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Clemens G, Hands JR, Dorling KM, Baker MJ. Vibrational spectroscopic methods for cytology and cellular research. Analyst 2015; 139:4411-44. [PMID: 25028699 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of vibrational spectroscopy, FTIR and Raman, for cytology and cellular research has the potential to revolutionise the approach to cellular analysis. Vibrational spectroscopy is non-destructive, simple to operate and provides direct information. Importantly it does not require expensive exogenous labels that may affect the chemistry of the cell under analysis. In addition, the advent of spectroscopic microscopes provides the ability to image cells and acquire spectra with a subcellular resolution. This introductory review focuses on recent developments within this fast paced field and highlights potential for the future use of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. We particularly focus on the development of live cell research and the new technologies and methodologies that have enabled this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Clemens
- Centre for Materials Science, Division of Chemistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK.
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Optical fiber nanotips coated with molecular beacons for DNA detection. SENSORS 2015; 15:9666-80. [PMID: 25919369 PMCID: PMC4481987 DOI: 10.3390/s150509666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical fiber sensors, thanks to their compactness, fast response and real-time measurements, have a large impact in the fields of life science research, drug discovery and medical diagnostics. In recent years, advances in nanotechnology have resulted in the development of nanotools, capable of entering the single cell, resulting in new nanobiosensors useful for the detection of biomolecules inside living cells. In this paper, we provide an application of a nanotip coupled with molecular beacons (MBs) for the detection of DNA. The MBs were characterized by hybridization studies with a complementary target to prove their functionality both free in solution and immobilized onto a solid support. The solid support chosen as substrate for the immobilization of the MBs was a 30 nm tapered tip of an optical fiber, fabricated by chemical etching. With this set-up promising results were obtained and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.57 nM was reached, opening up the possibility of using the proposed nanotip to detect mRNAs inside the cytoplasm of living cells.
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Vo-Dinh T, Liu Y, Fales AM, Ngo H, Wang HN, Register JK, Yuan H, Norton SJ, Griffin GD. SERS nanosensors and nanoreporters: golden opportunities in biomedical applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:17-33. [PMID: 25316579 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of recent developments and applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensors and nanoreporters in our laboratory for use in biochemical monitoring, medical diagnostics, and therapy. The design and fabrication of different types of plasmonics-active nanostructures are discussed. The SERS nanosensors can be used in various applications including pH sensing, protein detection, and gene diagnostics. For DNA detection the 'Molecular Sentinel' nanoprobe can be used as a homogenous bioassay in solution or on a chip platform. Gold nanostars provide an excellent multi-modality theranostic platform, combining Raman and SERS with two-photon luminescence (TPL) imaging as well as photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT). Plasmonics-enhanced and optically modulated delivery of nanostars into brain tumor in live animals was demonstrated; photothermal treatment of tumor vasculature may induce inflammasome activation, thus increasing the permeability of the blood brain-tumor barrier. The imaging method using TPL of gold nanostars provides an unprecedented spatial selectivity for enhanced targeted nanostar delivery to cortical tumor tissue. A quintuple-modality nanoreporter based on gold nanostars for SERS, TPL, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and PTT has recently been developed. The possibility of combining spectral selectivity and high sensitivity of the SERS process with the inherent molecular specificity of bioreceptor-based nanoprobes provides a unique multiplex and selective diagnostic modality. Several examples of optical detection using SERS in combination with other detection and treatment modalities are discussed to illustrate the usefulness and potential of SERS nanosensors and nanoreporters for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Samanta A, Jana S, Das RK, Chang YT. Biocompatible surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanotags for in vivo cancer detection. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:523-35. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The advancement of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is significantly increasing as an ultra-sensitive sensing technology in biomedical research. In this review, we focus on the most recent developments of biocompatible nanoprobes for cancer research. First, we discuss coating approaches to enhance the biocompatibility of SERS substrate and Raman reporters. Furthermore, interesting ligands such as antibodies, aptamers and polypeptides are attached to the surface of nanotags for targeting the cancerous cells in vitro. The unique multiplexing capabilities of the SERS technique have been applied for simultaneous multiple target recognition. Finally, these noninvasive, ultrasensitive tools are mostly highlighted for in vivo tumor detection. Potential application of SERS nanotags in therapeutic study and the possibility of SERS nanotags in biomedical applications are outlined briefly in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Samanta
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A *STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
| | - Santanu Jana
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A *STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
| | - Raj Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry & MedChem Program for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Young Tae Chang
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A *STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry & MedChem Program for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
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Vo-Dinh T, Fales AM, Griffin GD, Khoury CG, Liu Y, Ngo H, Norton SJ, Register JK, Wang HN, Yuan H. Plasmonic nanoprobes: from chemical sensing to medical diagnostics and therapy. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:10127-40. [PMID: 24056945 PMCID: PMC4355622 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03633b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the development and applications of plasmonics-active nanoprobes in our laboratory for chemical sensing, medical diagnostics and therapy. Molecular Sentinel nanoprobes provide a unique tool for DNA/RNA biomarker detection both in a homogeneous solution or on a chip platform for medical diagnostics. The possibility of combining spectral selectivity and high sensitivity of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) process with the inherent molecular specificity of nanoprobes provides an important multiplex diagnostic modality. Gold nanostars can provide an excellent multi-modality platform, combining two-photon luminescence with photothermal therapy as well as Raman imaging with photodynamic therapy. Several examples of optical detection using SERS and photonics-based treatments are presented to illustrate the usefulness and potential of the plasmonic nanoprobes for theranostics, which seamlessly combines diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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9
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Zhao M, Huang J, Zhou Y, Chen Q, Pan X, He H, Ye Z. A single mesoporous ZnO/Chitosan hybrid nanostructure for a novel free nanoprobe type biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 43:226-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vo-Dinh T, Scaffidi J, Gregas M, Zhang Y, Seewaldt V. Applications of fiber-optics-based nanosensors to drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 4:889-900. [PMID: 23496274 DOI: 10.1517/17460440903085112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fiber-optic nanosensors are fabricated by heating and pulling optical fibers to yield sub-micron diameter tips and have been used for in vitro analysis of individual living mammalian cells. Immobilization of bioreceptors (e.g., antibodies, peptides, DNA) selective to targeting analyte molecules of interest provides molecular specificity. Excitation light can be launched into the fiber, and the resulting evanescent field at the tip of the nanofiber can be used to excite target molecules bound to the bioreceptor molecules. The fluorescence or surface-enhanced Raman scattering produced by the analyte molecules is detected using an ultra-sensitive photodetector. OBJECTIVE This article provides an overview of the development and application of fiber-optic nanosensors for drug discovery. CONCLUSIONS The nanosensors provide minimally invasive tools to probe subcellular compartments inside single living cells for health effect studies (e.g., detection of benzopyrene adducts) and medical applications (e.g., monitoring of apoptosis in cells treated with anticancer drugs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Duke University, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, 305 Teer Building, Box 90271, Durham, NC 27708, USA +1 919 660 8520 ; +1 919 613 9145 ;
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11
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Kashyap PL, Kumar S, Srivastava AK, Sharma AK. Myconanotechnology in agriculture: a perspective. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:191-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nguyen LN, Lin MC, Chen HS, Lan YW, Wu CS, Chang-Liao KS, Chen CD. Photo-response of a nanopore device with a single embedded ZnO nanoparticle. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:165201. [PMID: 22470086 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/16/165201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The photo-response of a ZnO nanoparticle embedded in a nanopore made on a silicon nitride membrane is investigated. The ZnO nanoparticle is manipulated onto the nanopore and sandwiched between aluminum contact electrodes from both the top and bottom. The asymmetric device structure facilitates current-voltage rectification that enables photovoltaic capacity. Under illumination, the device shows open-circuit voltage as well as short-circuit current. The fill factor is found to increase at low temperatures and reaches 48.6% at 100 K. The nanopore structure and the manipulation technique provide a solid platform for exploring the electrical properties of single nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh-Nam Nguyen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Department of Engineering and System Science, National TsingHua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Shinde SB, Fernandes CB, Patravale VB. Recent trends in in-vitro nanodiagnostics for detection of pathogens. J Control Release 2012; 159:164-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Celedon A, Hale CM, Wirtz D. Magnetic manipulation of nanorods in the nucleus of living cells. Biophys J 2012; 101:1880-6. [PMID: 22004741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of chromatin in the cell nucleus is crucial for gene expression regulation. However, physically probing the nuclear interior is challenging because high forces have to be applied using minimally invasive techniques. Here, magnetic nanorods embedded in the nucleus of living cells are subjected to controlled rotational forces, producing micron-sized displacements in the nuclear interior. The resulting time-dependent rotation of the nanorods is analyzed in terms of viscoelastic parameters of the nucleus, in wild-type and Lamin A/C deficient cells. This method and analysis reveal that Lamin A/C knockout, together perhaps with other changes that result from the knockout, induce significant decreases in the nuclear viscosity and elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Celedon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Zhang Y, Dhawan A, Vo-Dinh T. Design and Fabrication of Fiber-Optic Nanoprobes for Optical Sensing. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:18. [PMID: 27502642 PMCID: PMC3211233 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the design and fabrication of fiber-optic nanoprobes developed for optical detection in single living cells. It is critical to fabricate probes with well-controlled nanoapertures for optimized spatial resolution and optical transmission. The detection sensitivity of fiber-optic nanoprobe depends mainly on the extremely small excitation volume that is determined by the aperture sizes and penetration depths. We investigate the angle dependence of the aperture in shadow evaporation of the metal coating onto the tip wall. It was found that nanoaperture diameters of approximately 50 nm can be achieved using a 25° tilt angle. On the other hand, the aperture size is sensitive to the subtle change of the metal evaporation angle and could be blocked by irregular metal grains. Through focused ion beam (FIB) milling, optical nanoprobes with well-defined aperture size as small as 200 nm can be obtained. Finally, we illustrate the use of the nanoprobes by detecting a fluorescent species, benzo[a]pyrene tetrol (BPT), in single living cells. A quantitative estimation of the numbers of BPT molecules detected using fiber-optic nanoprobes for BPT solutions shows that the limit of detection was approximately 100 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Anuj Dhawan
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Veselov AA, Abraham BG, Lemmetyinen H, Karp MT, Tkachenko NV. Photochemical properties and sensor applications of modified yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) covalently attached to the surfaces of etched optical fibers (EOFs). Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1149-58. [PMID: 22116380 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins have the inherent ability to act as sensing components which function both in vitro and inside living cells. We describe here a novel study on a covalent site-specific bonding of fluorescent proteins to form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on the surface of etched optical fibers (EOFs). Deposition of fluorescent proteins on EOFs gives the opportunity to increase the interaction of guided light with deposited molecules relative to plane glass surfaces. The EOF modification is carried out by surface activation using 3-aminopropylthrimethoxysilane (APTMS) and bifunctional crosslinker sulfosuccinimidyl 4-[N-maleimidomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (sulfo-SMCC) which exposes sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide groups followed by covalent site-specific coupling of modified yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Steady-state and fluorescence lifetime measurements confirm the formation of SAM. The sensor applications of YPF SAMs on EOF are demonstrated by the gradual increase of emission intensity upon addition of Ca(2+) ions in the concentration range from a few tens of micromolars up to a few tens of millimolars. The studies on the effect of pH, divalent cations, denaturing agents, and proteases reveal the stability of YFP on EOFs at normal physiological conditions. However, treatments with 0.5% SDS at pH 8.5 and protease trypsin are found to denaturate or cleave the YFP from fiber surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Veselov
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
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Bantz KC, Meyer AF, Wittenberg NJ, Im H, Kurtuluş Ö, Lee SH, Lindquist NC, Oh SH, Haynes CL. Recent progress in SERS biosensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:11551-67. [PMID: 21509385 PMCID: PMC3156086 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01841d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This perspective gives an overview of recent developments in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for biosensing. We focus this review on SERS papers published in the last 10 years and to specific applications of detecting biological analytes. Both intrinsic and extrinsic SERS biosensing schemes have been employed to detect and identify small molecules, nucleic acids, lipids, peptides, and proteins, as well as for in vivo and cellular sensing. Current SERS substrate technologies along with a series of advancements in surface chemistry, sample preparation, intrinsic/extrinsic signal transduction schemes, and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy are discussed. The progress covered herein shows great promise for widespread adoption of SERS biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C. Bantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Audrey F. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Nathan J. Wittenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Özge Kurtuluş
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Si Hoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Nathan C. Lindquist
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
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Larmour IA, Graham D. Surface enhanced optical spectroscopies for bioanalysis. Analyst 2011; 136:3831-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Huang L, Muyldermans S, Saerens D. Nanobodies®: proficient tools in diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2010; 10:777-85. [PMID: 20843201 DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of new antibody engineering technologies, conventional antibodies have been minimized into smaller antibody formats. Small size is an important advantage for current and future diagnostic development. Nanobodies® (Ablynx) are among the smallest known antigen-binding antibody fragments, and are derived from the heavy-chain only antibodies that occur naturally in the serum of Camelidae. Endowed by natural evolution, these Nanobodies inherently exhibit unique biophysical, biochemical and pharmacological characteristics. In addition to their excellent potential as molecules in drug development, Nanobodies possess very attractive functional properties that aid in their development for diagnostic tools. Here we present several examples of currently available applications of Nanobodies to the field of immunosensor for cancer, immunoaffinity chromatography, in vivo and intracellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieven Huang
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Yang J, Wang Z, Tan X, Li J, Song C, Zhang R, Cui Y. A straightforward route to the synthesis of a surface-enhanced Raman scattering probe for targeting transferrin receptor-overexpressed cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:345101. [PMID: 20683135 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/34/345101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A tumor cell targeting surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probe has been successfully synthesized by using p-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) as both the SERS reporter and the conjugation agent for attaching transferrin molecules, which shows experimentally the targeting ability for transferrin receptor-overexpressed HeLa cells and exhibits strong SERS signals when being incubated inside cells. To prove that the uptake of such a SERS probe is through a Tf-receptor-mediated endocytosis process, two control experiments: (1) HeLa cells being incubated with the probe at 4 degrees C and (2) HeLa cells being pre-blocked with free transferrin at 37 degrees C, were employed. The difference of SERS intensity between the transferrin-overexpressed HeLa cells and transferrin-pre-blocked HeLa cells indicates that the probe has the potential to selectively target tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
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21
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Vo‐Dinh T, Zhang Y. Single‐cell monitoring using fiberoptic nanosensors. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 3:79-85. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Vo‐Dinh
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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22
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Goddard G, Brown LO, Habbersett R, Brady CI, Martin JC, Graves SW, Freyer JP, Doorn SK. High-resolution spectral analysis of individual SERS-active nanoparticles in flow. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6081-90. [PMID: 20143808 DOI: 10.1021/ja909850s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle spectroscopic tags based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) are playing an increasingly important role in bioassay and imaging applications. The ability to rapidly characterize large populations of such tags spectroscopically in a high-throughput flow-based platform will open new areas for their application and provide new tools for advancing their development. We demonstrate here a high-resolution spectral flow cytometer capable of acquiring Raman spectra of individual SERS-tags at flow rates of hundreds of particles per second, while maintaining the spectral resolution required to make full use of the detailed information encoded in the Raman signature for advanced multiplexing needs. The approach allows multiple optical parameters to be acquired simultaneously over thousands of individual nanoparticle tags. Characteristics such as tag size, brightness, and spectral uniformity are correlated on a per-particle basis. The tags evaluated here display highly uniform spectral signatures, but with greater variability in brightness. Subpopulations in the SERS response, not apparent in ensemble measurements, are also shown to exist. Relating tag variability to synthesis parameters makes flow-based spectral characterization a powerful tool for advancing particle development through its ability to provide rapid feedback on strategies aimed at constraining desired tag properties. Evidence for single-tag signal saturation at high excitation power densities is also shown, suggesting a role for high-throughput investigation of fundamental properties of the SERS tags as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Goddard
- National Flow Cytometry Resource, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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23
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Wang GL, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Selective detection of trace amount of Cu2+ using semiconductor nanoparticles in photoelectrochemical analysis. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:1112-1114. [PMID: 20648335 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective photoelectrochemical sensor for Cu(2+) was developed based on the selective interaction between CdS quantum dots (QDs) immobilized on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode surface and Cu(2+) in a triethanolamine (TEA) solution to form Cu(x)S-doped CdS QDs, which disrupts the electron transfer from the conduction band of CdS to ITO and results in a decrease of photocurrent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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24
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Detection of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell surface markers using surface enhanced Raman scattering gold nanoparticles. Cancer Lett 2010; 292:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Asif MH, Ali SMU, Nur O, Willander M, Brännmark C, Strålfors P, Englund UH, Elinder F, Danielsson B. Functionalised ZnO-nanorod-based selective electrochemical sensor for intracellular glucose. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:2205-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Hsu CH, Chang GC, Li ET, Lin YJ, Chen JJJ. Measurement of intrinsic optical backscattering characteristics of cells using fiber-guided near infrared light. Biomed Eng Online 2010; 9:12. [PMID: 20184751 PMCID: PMC2850905 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-9-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrinsic optical signals (IOS), which reflect changes in transmittance and scattering light, have been applied to characterize the physiological conditions of target biological tissues. Backscattering approaches allow mounting of the source and detector on the same side of a sample which creates a more compact physical layout of device. This study presents a compact backscattering design using fiber-optic guided near-infrared (NIR) light to measure the amplitude and phase changes of IOS under different osmotic challenges. METHODS High-frequency intensity-modulated light was guided via optic fiber, which was controlled by micromanipulator to closely aim at a minimum cluster of cortical neurons. Several factors including the probe design, wavelength selection, optimal measuring distance between the fiber-optical probe and cells were considered. Our experimental setup was tested in cultured cells to observe the relationship between the changes in backscattered NIR light and cellular IOS, which is believed mainly caused by cell volume changes in hypo/hyperosmotic solutions (+/- 20, +/- 40 and +/- 60 mOsm). RESULTS The critical parameters of the current setup including the optimal measuring distance from fiber-optical probe to target tissue and the linear relationship between backscattering intensity and cell volume were determined. The backscattering intensity was found to be inversely proportional to osmotic changes. However, the phase shift exhibited a nonlinear feature and reached a plateau at hyperosmotic solution. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that the backscattering NIR light guided by fiber-optical probe makes it a potential alternative for continuous observation of intrinsic optical properties of cell culture under varied physical or chemical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Huang Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gwo-Ching Chang
- Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 840 Taiwan, ROC
| | - En-Ting Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Jing Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Jin Jason Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan, ROC
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27
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Dominguez AL, Lustgarten J. Targeting the tumor microenvironment with anti-neu/anti-CD40 conjugated nanoparticles for the induction of antitumor immune responses. Vaccine 2009; 28:1383-90. [PMID: 19931385 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical data indicate that immunotherapeutic interventions could induce immune responses capable of controlling or retard the tumor growth. However, immunotherapies need to be further optimized. We hypothesized that a more effective strategy for tumor eradication is to directly target the tumor microenvironment in order to generate a proinflammatory response and induce a localized antitumor immune response capable of eliminating the tumor cells. Nanoparticles have been proven to be an effective delivery system. In these studies we evaluated conjugated anti-RNEU and anti-CD40 antibodies onto PLA-(poly dl-lactic acid)-biodegradable nanoparticles (PLA-NP) for the induction of antitumor immune responses. The anti-neu/anti-CD40-NP were functional in vitro recognizing RNEU(+) tumors and activating dendritic cells. The delivery of anti-neu/anti-CD40-NP but not anti-neu-NP or anti-CD40-NP induced an antitumor response resulting in complete tumor elimination and generation of protective memory responses. The anti-neu/anti-CD40-NP specifically activated an antitumor response against RNEU(+) tumors but not against RNEU(-) tumors. The antitumor immune responses correlate with the induction of a Th1-proinflammatory response, reduction in the number of Tregs within the tumor and activation of a specific cytotoxic response. These results indicate that anti-neu/anti-CD40-NP with immunomodulatory properties are safe and can be used effectively as cancer vaccines strategy for the specific induction of antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucia Dominguez
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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28
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Hogg T, Freitas RA. Chemical power for microscopic robots in capillaries. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 6:298-317. [PMID: 19836466 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The power available to microscopic robots (nanorobots) that oxidize bloodstream glucose while aggregated in circumferential rings on capillary walls is evaluated with a numerical model using axial symmetry and time-averaged release of oxygen from passing red blood cells. Robots about 1 microm in size can produce up to several tens of picowatts, in steady state, if they fully use oxygen reaching their surface from the blood plasma. Robots with pumps and tanks for onboard oxygen storage could collect oxygen to support burst power demands two to three orders of magnitude larger. We evaluate effects of oxygen depletion and local heating on surrounding tissue. These results give the power constraints when robots rely entirely on ambient available oxygen and identify aspects of the robot design significantly affecting available power. More generally, our numerical model provides an approach to evaluating robot design choices for nanomedicine treatments in and near capillaries. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR The power available to microscopic robots (nanorobots) that oxidize bloodstream glucose while aggregated in circumferential rings on capillary walls was evaluated in this study. The presented numerical model provides an approach to evaluating robot design choices for nanomedicine treatments in and near capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tad Hogg
- Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
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29
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Mondal SK, Mitra A, Singh N, Sarkar SN, Kapur P. Optical fiber nanoprobe preparation for near-field optical microscopy by chemical etching under surface tension and capillary action. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:19470-19475. [PMID: 19997167 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.019470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We propose a technique of chemical etching for fabrication of near perfect optical fiber nanoprobe (NNP). It uses photosensitive single mode optical fiber to etch in hydro fluoric (HF) acid solution. The difference in etching rate for cladding and photosensitive core in HF acid solution creates capillary ring along core-cladding boundary under a given condition. The capillary ring is filled with acid solution due to surface tension and capillary action. Finally it creates near perfect symmetric tip at the apex of the fiber as the height of the acid level in capillary ring decreases while width of the ring increases with continuous etching. Typical tip features are short taper length (approximately 4 microm), large cone angle (approximately 38 degrees ), and small probe tip dimension (<100 nm). A finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis is also presented to compare near field optics of the NNP with conventional nanoprobe (CNP). The probe may be ideal for near field optical imaging and sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir K Mondal
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, Sec-30C, India.
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30
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Aydin O, Altaş M, Kahraman M, Bayrak OF, Culha M. Differentiation of healthy brain tissue and tumors using surface-enhanced Raman scattering. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 63:1095-100. [PMID: 19843358 DOI: 10.1366/000370209789553219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique for characterization of biological samples. SERS spectra from healthy brain tissue and tumors are obtained by sudden freezing of tissue in liquid nitrogen and crashing and mixing it with a concentrated silver colloidal suspension. The acquired spectra from tissues show significant spectral differences that can be used to identify whether it is from a healthy region or tumor. The most significant change on SERS spectra from the healthy/peripheral brain tissue to tumor is the increase of the ratio of the peaks at around 723 to 655 cm(-1). In addition, the spectral changes indicate that the protein content in tumors increases compared to the peripheral/healthy tissue as observed with tumor invasion. The preliminary results show that SERS spectra can be used for a quick diagnosis due to the simplicity of the sample preparation and the speed of the spectral acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Aydin
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, 34755 Kayisdagi-Istanbul, Turkey
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31
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Brady CI, Mack NH, Brown LO, Doorn SK. Self-Assembly Approach to Multiplexed Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectral-Encoder Beads. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7181-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900619h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina I. Brady
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Nathan H. Mack
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Leif O. Brown
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Stephen K. Doorn
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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32
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Chabot V, Cuerrier CM, Escher E, Aimez V, Grandbois M, Charette PG. Biosensing based on surface plasmon resonance and living cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:1667-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Optical biosensors for probing at the cellular level: A review of recent progress and future prospects. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2009; 20:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Elder JB, Hoh DJ, Oh BC, Heller AC, Liu CY, Apuzzo ML. THE FUTURE OF CEREBRAL SURGERY. Neurosurgery 2008; 62:1555-79; discussion 1579-82. [DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000333820.33143.0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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36
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Tang B, Cao L, Xu K, Zhuo L, Ge J, Li Q, Yu L. A New Nanobiosensor for Glucose with High Sensitivity and Selectivity in Serum Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between CdTe Quantum Dots and Au Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2008; 14:3637-44. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Elder JB, Liu CY, Apuzzo MLJ. Neurosurgery in the realm of 10(-9), part 1: stardust and nanotechnology in neuroscience. Neurosurgery 2008; 62:1-20. [PMID: 18300888 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000311058.80249.6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology as a science has evolved from notions and speculation to emerge as a prominent combination of science and engineering that stands to impact innumerable aspects of technology. Medicine in general and neurosurgery in particular will benefit greatly in terms of improved diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. The recent explosion in nanotechnology products, including diverse applications such as beauty products and medical contrast agents, has been accompanied by an ever increasing volume of literature. Recent articles from our institution provided an historical and scientific background of nanotechnology, with a purposeful focus on nanomedicine. Future applications of nanotechnology to neuroscience and neurosurgery were briefly addressed. The present article is the first of two that will further this discussion by providing specific details of current nanotechnology applications and research related to neuroscience and clinical neurosurgery. This article also provides relevant perspective in scale, history, economics, and toxicology. Topics of specific importance to developments or advances of technologies used by neuroscientists and neurosurgeons are presented. In addition, advances in the field of microelectromechanical systems technology are discussed. Although larger than nanoscale, microelectromechanical systems technologies will play an important role in the future of medicine and neurosurgery. The second article will discuss current nanotechnologies that are being, or will be in the near future, incorporated into the armamentarium of the neurosurgeon. The goal of these articles is to keep the neuroscience community abreast of current developments in nanotechnology, nanomedicine, and, in particular, nanoneurosurgery, and to present possibilities for future applications of nanotechnology. As applications of nanotechnology permeate all forms of scientific and medical research, clinical applications will continue to emerge. Physicians of the present and future must take an active role in shaping the design and research of nanotechnologies to ensure maximal clinical relevance and patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Elder
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
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38
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Vo-Dinh T. Nanosensing at the single cell level. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART B, ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 63:95-103. [PMID: 24839348 PMCID: PMC4022309 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2007.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an overview of the development, operation, and applications of optical nanobiosensors for use in in vivo detection of biotargets in individual living cells. The nanobiosensors are equipped with immobilized bioreceptor probes (e.g., antibodies, enzyme substrate) selective to specific molecular targets. Laser excitation is transmitted into the fiber producing an evanescent field at the tip of the fiber in order to excite target molecules bound to the bioreceptors immobilized at the fiber tips. A photometric system detects the optical signal (e.g., fluorescence) originated from the analyte molecules or from the analyte-bioreceptor reaction. Examples of detection of biospecies and molecular signaling pathways of apoptosis in a living cell are discussed to illustrate the potential of the nanobiosensor technology for single cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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39
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Chopra N, Gavalas VG, Bachas LG, Hinds BJ, Bachas LG. Functional One‐Dimensional Nanomaterials: Applications in Nanoscale Biosensors. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701567170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Kahraman M, Yazici MM, Sahin F, Culha M. Experimental parameters influencing surface-enhanced Raman scattering of bacteria. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:054015. [PMID: 17994903 DOI: 10.1117/1.2798640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique for the analysis of a variety of molecules and molecular structures. Due to its great complexity, the acquisition of detailed molecular information from biological organizations such as bacteria is still a challenging task. SERS can provide valuable information once silver or gold surfaces can be brought in close contact with the biological organization. Because several experimental parameters can affect SERS spectra of bacteria, the experimental conditions must be well defined for comparable and reproducible results. The influence of experimental parameters, such as the type of noble metal, size, and aggregation properties of nanoparticles, and the wavelength of the laser light on the SERS of E. coli and B. megaterium are examined. It is demonstrated that the impact of these parameters could be enormous and a standard protocol must be developed depending on the goal of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kahraman
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Kayisdagi, Istanbul, Turkey
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41
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42
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Hogg T, Kuekes PJ. Mobile microscopic sensors for high resolution in vivo diagnostics. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2006; 2:239-47. [PMID: 17292149 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Revised: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular electronics and nanoscale chemical sensors could allow the construction microscopic sensors capable of detecting patterns of chemicals in a fluid. Information from a large number of such devices flowing passively in the bloodstream allows estimates of the properties of tiny chemical sources in a macroscopic tissue volume. We use estimates of plausible device capabilities to evaluate their performance for typical chemicals released into the blood by tissues in response to localized injury or infection. We find that the devices can readily discriminate a single cell-sized chemical source from the background chemical concentration, providing high-resolution sensing in both time and space. By contrast, such a chemical source would be difficult to distinguish from background when diluted throughout the blood volume as obtained with a blood sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tad Hogg
- Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, USA.
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