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Rizzarelli P, Leanza M, Rapisarda M. Investigations into the characterization, degradation, and applications of biodegradable polymers by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023. [PMID: 38014928 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have been getting more and more attention because of their contribution to the plastic pollution environmental issues and to move towards a circular economy. Nevertheless, biodegradable materials still exhibit various disadvantages restraining a widespread use in the market. Therefore, additional research efforts are required to improve their performance. Mass spectrometry (MS) affords a relevant contribution to optimize biodegradable polymer synthesis, to confirm macromolecular structures, to examine along the time the progress of degradation processes and highlight advantages and drawbacks in the extensive applications. This review aims to provide an overview of the MS investigations carried out to support the synthesis of biodegradable polymers, with helpful information on undesirable products or polymerization mechanism, to understand deterioration pathways by the structure of degradation products and to follow drug release and pharmacokinetic. Additionally, it summarizes MS studies addressed on environmental and health issues related to the extensive use of plastic materials, that is, potential migration of additives or microplastics identification and quantification. The paper is focused on the most significant studies relating to synthetic and microbial biodegradable polymers published in the last 15 years, not including agro-polymers such as proteins and polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzarelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), ede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Melania Leanza
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), ede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Rapisarda
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), ede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Characterization and Evaluation of Rapamycin-Loaded Nano-Micelle Ophthalmic Solution. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14010049. [PMID: 36662096 PMCID: PMC9862165 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin-loaded nano-micelle ophthalmic solution (RAPA-NM) offers a promising application for preventing corneal allograft rejection; however, RAPA-NM has not yet been fully characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and underlying mechanism of RAPA-NM in inhibiting corneal allograft rejection. An optimized RAPA-NM was successfully prepared using a polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol (PVCL-PVA-PEG) graft copolymer as the excipient at a PVCL-PVA-PEG/RAPA weight ratio of 18:1. This formulation exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (99.25 ± 0.55%), small micelle size (64.42 ± 1.18 nm), uniform size distribution (polydispersity index = 0.076 ± 0.016), and a zeta potential of 1.67 ± 0.93 mV. The storage stability test showed that RAPA-NM could be stored steadily for 12 weeks. RAPA-NM also displayed satisfactory cytocompatibility and high membrane permeability. Moreover, topical administration of RAPA-NM could effectively prevent corneal allograft rejection. Mechanistically, a transcriptomic analysis revealed that several immune- and inflammation-related Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were significantly enriched in the downregulated genes in the RAPA-NM-treated allografts compared with the rejected allogenic corneal grafts. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential of RAPA-NM in treating corneal allograft rejection and other ocular inflammatory diseases.
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Bisso PW, Gaglione S, Guimarães PPG, Mitchell MJ, Langer R. Nanomaterial Interactions with Human Neutrophils. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:4255-4265. [PMID: 31497639 PMCID: PMC6731026 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte and the first point of contact between many drug delivery formulations and human cells. Despite their prevalence and implication in a range of immune functions, little is known about how human neutrophils respond to synthetic particulates. Here, we describe how ex vivo human neutrophils respond to particles which vary in both size (5 nm to 2 μm) and chemistry (lipids, poly(styrene), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and gold). In particular, we show that (i) particle uptake is rapid, typically plateauing within 15 min; (ii) for a given particle chemistry, neutrophils preferentially take up larger particles at the nanoscale, up to 200 nm in size; (iii) uptake of nanoscale poly(styrene) and liposomal particles at concentrations of up to 5 μg/mL does not enhance apoptosis, activation, or cell death; (iv) particle-laden neutrophils retain the ability to degranulate normally in response to chemical stimulation; and (v) ingested particles reside in intracellular compartments that are retained during activation and degranulation. Aside from the implications for design of intravenously delivered particulate formulations in general, we expect these observations to be of particular use for targeting nanoparticles to circulating neutrophils, their clearance site (bone marrow), or distal sites of active inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Bisso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephanie Gaglione
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Pedro P. G. Guimarães
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael J. Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells release microvesicles with procoagulant activity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 100:49-53. [PMID: 29778527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are produced by a number of different cell types, among them mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) of different sources. It has been shown that extracellular vesicles of MSC exert similar therapeutic effects as the cells themselves. Here, we isolated and characterized extracellular vesicles produced by adipose-derived MSC (adMSC) in vitro upon stimulation with the proinflammatory substances lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). We found that the number of vesicles produced by adMSC does not change upon stimulation of the cells with LPS and TNF. Furthermore, adMSC-derived extracellular vesicles exert procoagulant activity independent of previous stimulation with LPS or TNF. We found evidence that the vesicles induce coagulation via both the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
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Haeri A, Osouli M, Bayat F, Alavi S, Dadashzadeh S. Nanomedicine approaches for sirolimus delivery: a review of pharmaceutical properties and preclinical studies. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1-14. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1408123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahraz Osouli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bayat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sonia Alavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Dadashzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wulf K, Tschierschky U, Eickner T, Grabow N, Mundkowski RG. Studies on the interaction of polylactid-based planar and nanoparticular biomaterials with serum albumin and fibrinogen. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Heat-Shock Protein 90–Targeted Nano Anticancer Therapy. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1454-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Costa LC, Mohmood I, Trindade T, Saleem M, Duarte AC, Pereira E, Ahmad I. Rescheduling the process of nanoparticle removal used for water mercury remediation can increase the risk to aquatic organism: evidence of innate immune functions modulation in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:18574-18589. [PMID: 26396010 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the mechanisms of innate immune function responses to silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticle functionalized with dithiocarbamate groups (IONP) exposure alone and its associated mercury (Hg) in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) phagocytes isolated from peritoneum (P-phagocytes), gill (G-phagocytes), head kidney (HK-phagocytes) and spleen (S-phagocytes). The study evaluated viability, phagocytosis, oxidative burst activity (OBA) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Four groups were made: (1) 2 × 10(6) phagocytes + RPMI-1640 (control), (2) 2 × 10(6) phagocytes + IONP (2.5 mg L(-1)), (3) 2 × 10(6) phagocytes + Hg (50 μg L(-1)) and (4) 2 × 10(6) phagocytes + IONP + Hg. Samplings were performed at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. A. anguilla P-, G-, HK- and S-phagocytes in vitro exposure to IONP alone revealed either increased (except HK-phagocytes at 16 h) or no change in viability, suggesting that the cells are metabolically active and resistant to IONP exposure alone. In terms of phagocytes overactivation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as an indirect mechanism of immunotoxicity, the phagocytes responded in the following manner: P- > S- > HK- = G-phagocytes for IONP exposure alone, S- > HK- > P- = G-phagocytes for Hg exposure alone and HK- > G- = S- > P-phagocytes for concomitant exposure. Overall, considering Hg as a surrogate for metals and its association with IONP, as well as the likelihood that it could pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms by modulating their immune defense mechanisms if accidentally discharged into the aquatic environment, current results suggest that the step of IONP-metal complex removal must not be underrated and should be processed without any more ado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor C Costa
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iram Mohmood
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tito Trindade
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Molecular Chemoprevention and Therapeutics, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Poirier M, Simard JC, Girard D. Silver nanoparticles of 70 nm and 20 nm affect differently the biology of human neutrophils. J Immunotoxicol 2015; 13:375-85. [PMID: 26619040 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2015.1106622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of size of nanoparticles (NP), especially in regard to pulmonary toxicity, has been widely investigated. In general, NP with smaller diameters are more pro-inflammatory in vivo, at least in terms of neutrophil influx. Nevertheless, the influence of size of NP on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) cell biology is poorly documented. In the study here, it was decided to determine if AgNP with a diameter of 70 nm (AgNP70) will alter the biology of human PMN similarly to AgNP20 previously reported to induce apoptosis and inhibit de novo protein synthesis. The results here indicated that, in contrast to AgNP20, AgNP70 delayed PMN apoptosis. However, both AgNP20 and AgNP70 inhibited de novo protein synthesis. Both forms of AgNP did not significantly increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, but AgNP20 significantly increased the cell production of the CXCL8 chemokine (IL-8). In addition, AgNP20, but not AgNP70, induced the release of albumin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9/gelatinase B) into culture supernatants. Consistent with this latter observation, gelatinase activity was increased by AgNP20, as assessed by zymography. From these outcomes, it is concluded that two NP with different initial diameters can possess similar - as well as distinct - biological properties in modulating human PMN functions. These outcomes are testimony to the complexity of the modes of action of NP at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Poirier
- a Laboratory for the Research on Inflammation and Physiology of Granulocytes , University of Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval , Québec , Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Simard
- a Laboratory for the Research on Inflammation and Physiology of Granulocytes , University of Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval , Québec , Canada
| | - Denis Girard
- a Laboratory for the Research on Inflammation and Physiology of Granulocytes , University of Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval , Québec , Canada
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Liz R, Simard JC, Leonardi LBA, Girard D. Silver nanoparticles rapidly induce atypical human neutrophil cell death by a process involving inflammatory caspases and reactive oxygen species and induce neutrophil extracellular traps release upon cell adhesion. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:616-25. [PMID: 26241783 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the major toxic effects reported in response to in vitro or in vivo nanoparticle (NP) exposure. Among engineered NPs, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are very attractive for the development of therapeutic strategies, especially because of their antimicrobial properties. In humans, neutrophils, key players in inflammation, are the most abundant blood leukocytes that spontaneously undergo apoptosis, a central cell death mechanism regulating inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AgNPs on neutrophil apoptosis. Transmission electronic microscopy reveals that AgNPs rapidly penetrate inside neutrophils. AgNPs induced atypical cell death where the cell volume increased and the cell surface expression of CD16 remained unaltered unlike apoptotic neutrophils where cell shrinkage and loss of CD16 are typically observed. The AgNP-induced atypical cell death is distinct from necrosis and reversed by a pancaspase inhibitor or by inhibitors of the inflammatory caspase-1 and caspase-4. In addition, AgNPs induced IL-1β production inhibited by caspase-1 and caspase-4 inhibitors and also induced caspase-1 activity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was increased by AgNPs and the atypical cell death was inhibited by the antioxidant n-acetylcysteine. Under similar experimental conditions, adhesion of neutrophils leads to neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release induced by AgNPs. However, this process was not reversed by caspase inhibitors. We conclude that AgNPs rapidly induced an atypical cell death in neutrophils by a mechanism involving caspase-1, -4 and ROS. However, in adherent neutrophils, AgNPs induced NET release and, therefore, are novel agents able to trigger NET release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Liz
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Simard
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Laurien Bruna Araújo Leonardi
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Denis Girard
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Babin K, Antoine F, Goncalves DM, Girard D. TiO2, CeO2 and ZnO nanoparticles and modulation of the degranulation process in human neutrophils. Toxicol Lett 2013; 221:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ghanbarzadeh S, Valizadeh H, Zakeri-Milani P. The effects of lyophilization on the physico-chemical stability of sirolimus liposomes. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:25-9. [PMID: 24312808 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The major limitation in the widespread use of liposome drug delivery system is its instability. Lyophilization is a promising approach to ensure the long-term stability of liposomes. The aim of this study was to prepare sirolimus-loaded liposomes, study their stability and investigate the effect of lyophilization either in the presence or in the absence of lyoprotectant on liposome properties. METHODS Two types of multi-lamellar liposomes, conventional and fusogenic, containing sirolimus were prepared by modified thin film hydration method with different ratio of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), cholesterol and dioleoylphosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and were lyophilized with or without dextrose as lyoprotectant. Chemical stability investigation was performed at 4°C and 25°C until 6 months using a validated HPLC method. Physical stability was studied with determination of particle size (PS) and encapsulation efficiency (EE %) of formulations through 6 months. RESULTS Chemical stability test at 4°C and 25°C until 6 months showed that drug content of liposomes decreased 8.4% and 20.2% respectively. Initial mean EE % and PS were 72.8 % and 582 nm respectively. After 6 months mean EE % for suspended form, lyophilized without lyoprotectant and lyophilized with lyoprotectant were 54.8 %, 62.3% and 67.1 % at 4°C and 48.2%, 60.4 % and 66.8 % at 25°C respectively. Corresponding data for mean PS were 8229 nm, 2397 nm and 688nm at 4°C and 9362 nm, 1944 nm and 737 nm at 25°C respectively. CONCLUSION It is concluded that lyophilization with and without dextrose could increase shelf life of liposome and dextrose has lyoprotectant effect that stabilized liposomes in the lyophilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghanbarzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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