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Assessing the Potential of Molecular Imaging for Myelin Quantification in Organotypic Cultures. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070975. [PMID: 34203246 PMCID: PMC8309097 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo models for the noninvasive study of myelin-related diseases represent an essential tool to understand the mechanisms of diseases and develop therapies against them. Herein, we assessed the potential of multimodal imaging traceable myelin-targeting liposomes to quantify myelin in organotypic cultures. Methods: MRI testing was used to image mouse cerebellar tissue sections and organotypic cultures. Demyelination was induced by lysolecithin treatment. Myelin-targeting liposomes were synthetized and characterized, and their capacity to quantify myelin was tested by fluorescence imaging. Results: Imaging of freshly excised tissue sections ranging from 300 µm to 1 mm in thickness was achieved with good contrast between white (WM) and gray matter (GM) using T2w MRI. The typical loss of stiffness, WM structures, and thickness of organotypic cultures required the use of diffusion-weighted methods. Designed myelin-targeting liposomes allowed for semiquantitative detection by fluorescence, but the specificity for myelin was not consistent between assays due to the unspecific binding of liposomes. Conclusions: With respect to the sensitivity, imaging of brain tissue sections and organotypic cultures by MRI is feasible, and myelin-targeting nanosystems are a promising solution to quantify myelin ex vivo. With respect to specificity, fine tuning of the probe is required. Lipid-based systems may not be suitable for this goal, due to unspecific binding to tissues.
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Ji S, Chen Y, Zhao X, Cai Y, Zhang X, Sun F, Chen Q, Deng Q, Wang C, Ma K, Hong B, Liang C. Surface morphology and payload synergistically caused an enhancement of the longitudinal relaxivity of a Mn 3O 4/PtO x nanocomposite for magnetic resonance tumor imaging. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2732-2742. [PMID: 33620045 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01993c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The construction of surface structures of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MONs) in order to promote their longitudinal relaxivity r1 to surpass those of commercially available Gd(iii) complexes is still a significant challenge. Herein, we successfully obtained Mn3O4/PtOx nanocomposites (NCs) with an r1 of 20.48 mM-1 s-1, four times higher than that of commercially available Gd-DTPA (5.11 mM-1 s-1). The r2/r1 ratio of these NCs is 1.46 lower than that of Gd-DTPA (2.38). This is the first time that such excellent T1 contrast performance has been achieved using MONs via synergistically utilizing the surface morphology and surface payload. These NCs are composed of porous Mn3O4"skeleton" nanostructures decorated with tiny PtOx nanoparticles (NPs) that are realized using laser ablation and irradiation in liquid and ion etching steps. Experimental results showed that the enlarged specific area of the porous Mn3O4/PtOx NCs and the payload of ultrafine PtOx NPs synergistically facilitated the T1 contrast capabilities. The former favors sufficient proton-electron interactions and the latter reduces the global molecular tumbling motion. These NCs also exhibit an evident computed tomography (CT) attenuation value of 24.13 HU L g-1, which is much better than that achieved using the commercial product iopromide (15.9 HU L g-1). The outstanding magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and CT imaging performances of the Mn3O4/PtOx NCs were proved through in vivo experiments. Histological examinations and blood circulation assays confirmed the good biosafety of the NCs. These novel findings showcase a brand-new strategy for fabricating excellent MON T1 contrast agents (CAs) on the basis of the surface structure and they pave the way for their practical clinical applications in dual-modal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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Glycerol monolaurate nanocapsules for biomedical applications: in vitro toxicological studies. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1131-1140. [PMID: 31079199 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a surfactant used in the food industry and has potent antimicrobial activity against many microorganisms; however, the use of GML is not expanded due its high melting point and poor solubility in water. The aim of the study was to produce, characterize, and evaluate in vitro the cytotoxicity of GML and GML nanocapsules. The GML nanocapsules were produced and characterized by a mean diameter, zeta potential, and polydispersity index. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and hemolytic activity. The genotoxicity was verified by comet assay. The physicochemical parameters showed a mean diameter of 192.5 ± 2.8 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.061 ± 0.018, and a zeta potential about - 21.9 ± 1 mV. The viability test demonstrated the protector effect of GML nanocapsule compared with the GML on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and VERO cells (isolated from kidney epithelial cells extracted from an African green monkey). A reduction in lipid peroxidation and lactate dehydrogenase release in GML nanocapsule-exposed cells compared with GML treated cells was observed. The damage on erythrocytes was addressed in treatment with GML, while the treatment with GML nanocapsules did not cause an effect. Moreover, the comet assay showed that the GML-caused genotoxicity and GML nanocapsules do not demonstrate damage. The study showed the reduction of toxicity of GML nanocapsules by many methods used in antimicrobial therapy.
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Abstract
Theranostic approaches using nanotechnology have been a hot research area for the past decade. All nano drug delivery techniques and architectures have some limitations, as do diagnostic nano-approaches. Thus, combining nano drug delivery strategies with diagnostic techniques using nanoparticles for improving imaging modalities has been the key to fill up those gaps. In the past decade, lots of approaches have been made with different combinations of biomaterials fabricated/synthesized to nanostructures with modified surface functionalization to improve their overall theranostic properties. This article summarizes recent research works based on the biomaterials used for fabricating these nanostructures. Their combinations with other biomaterials have been demonstrated with their overall advantages and limitations.
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Impact of cell adhesion and migration on nanoparticle uptake and cellular toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 43:29-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Enhancing T 1 magnetic resonance imaging contrast with internalized gadolinium(III) in a multilayer nanoparticle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017. [PMID: 28630340 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701944114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles for biomedical applications have shown extraordinary potential as contrast agents in various bioimaging modalities, near-IR photothermal therapy, and for light-triggered therapeutic release processes. Over the past several years, numerous studies have been performed to synthesize and enhance MRI contrast with nanoparticles. However, understanding the MRI enhancement mechanism in a multishell nanoparticle geometry, and controlling its properties, remains a challenge. To systematically examine MRI enhancement in a nanoparticle geometry, we have synthesized MRI-active Au nanomatryoshkas. These are Au core-silica layer-Au shell nanoparticles, where Gd(III) ions are encapsulated within the silica layer between the inner core and outer Au layer of the nanoparticle (Gd-NM). This multifunctional nanoparticle retains its strong near-IR Fano-resonant optical absorption properties essential for photothermal or other near-IR light-triggered therapy, while simultaneously providing increased T1 contrast in MR imaging by concentrating Gd(III) within the nanoparticle. Measurements of Gd-NM revealed a strongly enhanced T1 relaxivity (r1 ∼ 24 mM-1⋅s-1) even at 4.7 T, substantially surpassing conventional Gd(III) chelating agents (r1 ∼ 3 mM-1⋅s-1 at 4.7 T) currently in clinical use. By varying the thickness of the outer gold layer of the nanoparticle, we show that the observed relaxivities are consistent with Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan (SBM) theory, which takes into account the longer-range interactions between the encapsulated Gd(III) and the protons of the H2O molecules outside the nanoparticle. This nanoparticle complex and its MRI T1-enhancing properties open the door for future studies on quantitative tracking of therapeutic nanoparticles in vivo, an essential step for optimizing light-induced, nanoparticle-based therapies.
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Ramos-Cabrer P, Fay F, Sanchez-Gaytan BL, Tang J, Castillo J, Fayad ZA, Mulder WM. Conformational Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticles Induced by High Payloads of Paramagnetic Lipids. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:470-475. [PMID: 27713933 PMCID: PMC5046173 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) nanoparticles doped with gadolinium lipids can be used as magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic agents for atherosclerosis. In this study, HDL nanoparticles with different molar fractions of gadolinium lipids (0 < xGd-lipids < 0.33) were prepared, and the MR relaxivity values (r1 and r2) for all compositions were measured. Both r1 and r2 parameters reached a maximal value at a molar fraction of approximately xGd-lipids = 0.2. Higher payloads of gadolinium did not significantly increase relaxivity values but induced changes in the structure of HDL, increasing the size of the particles from dH = 8.2 ± 1.6 to 51.7 ± 7.3 nm. High payloads of gadolinium lipids trigger conformational changes in HDL, with potential effects on the in vivo behavior of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- Molecular
Imaging Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Clinical
Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Clinical Hospital Santiago, Health Sciences
Institute (IDIS), Travesa
da choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francois Fay
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United
States
| | - Brenda L. Sanchez-Gaytan
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United
States
| | - Jun Tang
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United
States
- Radiology
Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical
Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Clinical Hospital Santiago, Health Sciences
Institute (IDIS), Travesa
da choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United
States
| | - Willem
J. M. Mulder
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United
States
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Gendelman HE, Anantharam V, Bronich T, Ghaisas S, Jin H, Kanthasamy AG, Liu X, McMillan J, Mosley RL, Narasimhan B, Mallapragada SK. Nanoneuromedicines for degenerative, inflammatory, and infectious nervous system diseases. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:751-67. [PMID: 25645958 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Interest in nanoneuromedicine has grown rapidly due to the immediate need for improved biomarkers and therapies for psychiatric, developmental, traumatic, inflammatory, infectious and degenerative nervous system disorders. These, in whole or in part, are a significant societal burden due to growth in numbers of affected people and in disease severity. Lost productivity of the patient and his or her caregiver, and the emotional and financial burden cannot be overstated. The need for improved health care, treatment and diagnostics is immediate. A means to such an end is nanotechnology. Indeed, recent developments of health-care enabling nanotechnologies and nanomedicines range from biomarker discovery including neuroimaging to therapeutic applications for degenerative, inflammatory and infectious disorders of the nervous system. This review focuses on the current and future potential of the field to positively affect clinical outcomes. From the clinical editor: Many nervous system disorders remain unresolved clinical problems. In many cases, drug agents simply cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the nervous system. The advent of nanomedicines can enhance the delivery of biologically active molecules for targeted therapy and imaging. This review focused on the use of nanotechnology for degenerative, inflammatory, and infectious diseases in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | | | - Tatiana Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | | | - Xinming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Surya K Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA.
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