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Kareemi AF, Likhitkar S. Applications and advancements of polysaccharide-based nanostructures for enhanced drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 238:113883. [PMID: 38615389 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Growing demand for highly effective, site-specific delivery of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals using nano-sized carriers has prompted increased scrutiny of carrier biocompatibility and biodegradability. To address these concerns, biodegradable natural polymers have emerged as a transformative domain, offering non-toxic, precisely targetable carriers capable of finely modulating cargo pharmacokinetics while generating innocuous decomposition by-products. This comprehensive review illuminates the emergence of polysaccharide-based nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. These systems establish an interactive interface between drug and targeted organs, guided by strategic modifications to polysaccharide backbones, which facilitate the creation of morphologically, constitutionally, and characteristically vibrant nanostructures through various fabrication routes, underpinning their pivotal role in biomedical applications. Advancements crucial to enhancing polysaccharide-based drug delivery, such as surface modifications and bioinspired modifications for enhanced targeting, and stimuli-responsive release, strategies to overcome biological barriers, enhance tumor penetration, and optimize therapeutic outcomes are highlighted. This review also examines some potent challenges, and the contemporary way out of them, and discusses future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra Fatimah Kareemi
- Department of Chemistry, St. Aloysius College (Autonomous), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482001, India
| | - Sweta Likhitkar
- Department of Chemistry, St. Aloysius College (Autonomous), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482001, India.
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Ñaupas LVS, Brito DCC, de Souza SS, Brandão FAS, da Silva RF, da Silva Raposo R, de Oliveira Monteiro Moreira AC, Araújo AA, Alves BG, Guedes MIF, Silva JYG, Cordova A, Figueiredo JR, Rodrigues APR. Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation Improves Ovarian Tissue Vitrification Outcome: An Alternative to Preserve the Ovarian Function of Morada Nova Ewe. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3109-3122. [PMID: 34008154 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of adding alpha lipoic acid (ALA) to the vitrification solution of sheep ovarian tissue on 7 days of in vitro culture or 15 days of xenotransplantion. ALA was used at two different concentrations (100 μM: ALA100 and 150 μM: ALA150). Ovarian tissue was evaluated by classical histology (follicular morphology, development, and stromal cell density); immunohistochemistry for forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a); Ki67 (cell proliferation); cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31); and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in ovarian tissue, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels in the culture medium, were assessed. Similar percentage of morphologically normal follicles was found in the vitrified ovarian tissue in the presence of ALA100 or ALA150 after in vitro culture or xenotransplantation. Follicular development from all treatments was higher (P < 0.05) than the control group. Moreover, an activation of primordial follicles was observed by FOXO3a. Stromal cell density and immunostaining for Ki67 and CD31 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in ALA150 vitrified tissue. No difference (P > 0.05) was found in α-SMA between ALA concentrations after in vitro culture or xenograft. ROS levels in the ovarian tissue were similar (P > 0.05) in all treatments, as well as MDA and nitrite levels after 7 days of culture. We concluded that the addition of ALA 150 is able to better preserve the stromal cell density favoring granulosa cell proliferation and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Vanessa Sulca Ñaupas
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cristina Calado Brito
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Samara Silva de Souza
- Laboratory of Image Diagnosis Applied to Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Félix da Silva
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Benner Geraldo Alves
- Animal Bioscience Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amanda Cordova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - José Ricardo Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Zhang X, Gao Q, Zhuang Q, Zhang L, Wang S, Du L, Yuan W, Wang C, Tian Q, Yu H, Zhao Y, Liu Y. A dual-functional nanovehicle with fluorescent tracking and its targeted killing effects on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10986-10995. [PMID: 35423573 PMCID: PMC8695887 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10486h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
All-in-one drug delivery nanovehicles with low cytotoxicity, high clinical imaging tracking capability, and targeted- and controlled-releasing performances are regarded as promising nanoplatforms for tumor theranostics. Recently, the design of these novel nanovehicles by low molecular weight amphiphilic chitosan (CS) was proposed. Based on fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), a tumor-targeting nanovehicle (i.e. AuNCs-CS–AS1411) was prepared via electrostatic attraction between AuNC-conjugated chitosan (i.e. AuNCs-CS) and the anti-nucleolin aptamer, AS1411. After that, the anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX) was encapsulated into the nanovehicles and then the dual-functional nano-drug (i.e. MTX@AuNCs-CS–AS1411) was comparatively supplied to the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and the human normal liver cell line LO2, to exhibit its “all in one” behavior. Under the conditions of the same concentration of MTX, MTX@AuNCs-CS–AS1411 demonstrates more intensive cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing activity against HepG2 cells than those against normal LO2 cells, mainly due to the targeting effect of AS1411 on the nucleolins that were found at high levels on the surface of tumor cells, but are at low levels or absent on normal cells. On the other hand, the MTX release from the MTX@AuNCs-CS–AS1411 was much faster in mildly acidic solution than that in neutral pH. Thus, it may provide a possibility to more significantly release MTX in intracellular lysosome of tumor cells, rather than let loose MTX during transport of the drug from blood vessels to tumor tissue. In conclusion, our dual-functional nanovehicle possesses high fluorescence efficiency and photostability, low cytotoxicity, pH-dependent controlled release, high sensitivity and target-specificity to cancer cells which allowed concurrent targeted imaging and delivery in cancer chemotherapies. Schematic illustration of the synthesis of the MTX@AuNCs-CS–AS1411, and its targeted delivery and imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University Beijing P.R. China .,State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Qiming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University Beijing P.R. China
| | - Qianfen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University Beijing P.R. China
| | - Libo Du
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wenxi Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Caifang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Qiu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau Macao P. R. China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing P. R. China
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Sonia J, Zanhal GM, Prasad KS. Low cost paper electrodes and the role of oxygen functionalities and edge-plane sites towards trolox sensing. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Caprifico AE, Polycarpou E, Foot PJS, Calabrese G. Biomedical and Pharmacological Uses of Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Chitosan-Based Nanocarriers. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000312. [PMID: 33016007 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan-based nanocarriers (ChNCs) are considered suitable drug carriers due to their ability to encapsulate a variety of drugs and cross biological barriers to deliver the cargo to their target site. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled chitosan-based NCs (FITC@ChNCs) are used extensively in biomedical and pharmacological applications. The main advantage of using FITC@ChNCs consists of the ability to track their fate both intra and extracellularly. This journey is strictly dependent on the physico-chemical properties of the carrier and the cell types under investigation. Other applications make use of fluorescent ChNCs in cell labeling for the detection of disorders in vivo and controlling of living cells in situ. This review describes the use of FITC@ChNCs in the various applications with a focus on understanding their usefulness in labeled drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Caprifico
- A. E. Caprifico, Dr. E. Polycarpou, Prof. P. J. S. Foot, Dr. G. Calabrese, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Elena Polycarpou
- A. E. Caprifico, Dr. E. Polycarpou, Prof. P. J. S. Foot, Dr. G. Calabrese, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Peter J S Foot
- A. E. Caprifico, Dr. E. Polycarpou, Prof. P. J. S. Foot, Dr. G. Calabrese, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Gianpiero Calabrese
- A. E. Caprifico, Dr. E. Polycarpou, Prof. P. J. S. Foot, Dr. G. Calabrese, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
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Manzanares D, Ceña V. Endocytosis: The Nanoparticle and Submicron Nanocompounds Gateway into the Cell. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040371. [PMID: 32316537 PMCID: PMC7238190 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) and submicron particles are increasingly used as carriers for delivering therapeutic compounds to cells. Their entry into the cell represents the initial step in this delivery process, being most of the nanoparticles taken up by endocytosis, although other mechanisms can contribute to the uptake. To increase the delivery efficiency of therapeutic compounds by NPs and submicron particles is very relevant to understand the mechanisms involved in the uptake process. This review covers the proposed pathways involved in the cellular uptake of different NPs and submicron particles types as well as the role that some of the physicochemical nanoparticle characteristics play in the uptake pathway preferentially used by the nanoparticles to gain access and deliver their cargo inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Manzanares
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain;
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Ceña
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain;
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Wang Y, Li C, Du L, Liu Y. A reactive oxygen species-responsive dendrimer with low cytotoxicity for efficient and targeted gene delivery. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Influence of pravastatin chitosan nanoparticles on erythrocytes cholesterol and redox homeostasis: An in vitro study. ARAB J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Wang S, Du LB, Jin L, Wang Z, Peng J, Liao N, Zhao YY, Zhang JL, Pauluhn J, Hai CX, Wang X, Li WL. Nano-oleanolic acid alleviates metabolic dysfunctions in rats with high fat and fructose diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1181-1187. [PMID: 30372819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes and related metabolic disorders are among the top prevalent metabolism-related diseases with increasing threat to human health throughout the world. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural triterpenoid and an aglycone of many saponins possessing anti-diabetic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities. A nano-formulation of OA was recently developed to evaluate the efficiency of nano-OA in the treatment of insulin-resistance and metabolic disorders in high fat and fructose (HFF) diet-fed rats. This study further identified that nano-OA could reduce the increase of body weights, serum insulin, insulin sensitivity index, serum triglycerides, and cholesterol in HFF-fed rats. In consistence, nano-OA was able to attenuate HFF diet-induced lipid accumulation in the liver and improve the structural integrity of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in liver and pancreas in animals fed with HFF diet. In addition, nan-OA can efficaciously mitigate the increase of levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in blood samples. The beneficial effects of nano-OA was further evidenced to be superior to OA formulated in arabic gum and rosiglitazone treatment. Together, this study provides the evidence that nano-OA can effectively improve HFF diet-induced metabolic dysfunctions in rats by improving its bioavailability and pharmacodynamic properties and thus nano-OA may be a potentially efficient agent to treat obesity-related diabetes and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Nai Liao
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie-Ling Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juergen Pauluhn
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China; Bayer Pharma AG, Department of Toxicology, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Chun-Xu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Wen-Li Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Guo X, Zhuang Q, Ji T, Zhang Y, Li C, Wang Y, Li H, Jia H, Liu Y, Du L. Multi-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles for enhanced chemotherapy in lung cancer. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:311-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Zhao Y, Xu P, Hu S, Du L, Xu Z, Zhang H, Cui W, Mak S, Xu D, Shen J, Han Y, Liu Y, Xue M. Tanshinone II A, a multiple target neuroprotectant, promotes caveolae-dependent neuronal differentiation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:437-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Jing L, Ma H, Fan P, Gao R, Jia Z. Antioxidant potential, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of Rhododendron anthopogonoides and its protective effect on hypoxia-induced injury in PC12 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:287. [PMID: 26283543 PMCID: PMC4539926 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhododendron anthopogonoides Maxim, a kind of traditional Tibetan medicine, has been used to remove body heat, body detoxification, cough, asthma, stomachic and swelling, eliminate abundant phlegm and inflammatory for a long time. In the present study, the total phenols and total flavonoid contents as well as antioxidative properties of the crude extract and solvent fractions of R. anthopogonoides were determined using seven antioxidant assays. Additionally, the protective effect of the extracts on hypoxia-induced injury in PC12 cells was also investigated. METHODS The content of total flavonoid and total phenolic was determined by the aluminum colorimetric method and Folin-Ciocalteu assay, respectively. In vitro antioxidant study, the effect of the crude extract and solvent fractions on total antioxidant activity, reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and nitric oxide radical scavenging were examined. The correlation between the phenolic and flavonoid content of the extracts and their antioxidant properties also analyzed. Furthermore, the protective effect of extracts on hypoxia-induced damage on PC12 cells was investigated by cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. RESULTS Our results showed that ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions had higher content of phenolics and flavonoid compounds than other fractions. Except ABTS radical assay, n-butanol fraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. While the hexane fraction showed the lowest antioxidant activity. Ethyl acetate also presented excellent antioxidant activity, which was just lower than n-butanol fraction. Significant correlation between the phenolic, flavonoid content of the extract and fractions with antioxidant assay excluding ABTS, OH scavenging assay was observed. Moreover, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed protective effect in PC12 cell under hypoxia condition, while crude extract and water fraction had no protective effect. In contrast, hexane fraction exhibited strong cytoprotective effect. Further study indicated that pretreatment of PC12 cells with ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions, prior to hypoxia exposure, significantly increased the survival of cells and the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and T-AOC, as well as reduced the level of LDH and MDA. The gathered data demonstrated that ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were able to protect PC12 cells against hypoxia induced injury through direct free radical scavenging and modulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of R. anthopogonoides had significant antioxidant activity and could prevent PC12 cells against hypoxia-induced injury. So it might be regarded as an excellent source of antioxidants and had great potential to explore as therapeutic agent for preventing hypoxia related sickness in future.
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Scalercio SR, Amorim CA, Brito DC, Percário S, Oskam IC, Domingues SFS, Santos RR. Trolox enhances follicular survival after ovarian tissue autograft in squirrel monkey (Saimiri collinsi). Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD14454. [PMID: 25993990 DOI: 10.1071/rd14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate ovarian tissue pre-treatment with 50 µM Trolox followed by heterotopic transplantation in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) and to assess tissue functionality via immunohistochemical analysis of the stroma and ovarian follicles. Five healthy and sexually mature squirrel monkey (Saimiri collinsi) females were used. Heterotopic autografting of fresh ovarian tissue with or without previous exposure to the antioxidant Trolox was performed and grafts were recovered for analysis 7 days later. Tissue vascularisation was confirmed by both macroscopic inspection and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) staining. Trolox prevented massive follicular activation and kept the percentages of morphologically normal follicles higher than in untreated grafts. Expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in developing follicles was observed only in controls and Trolox-treated grafts. Also, immunostaining for growth differentiation factor-9 was positive only in primordial follicles from controls and from Trolox-treated grafts. Although Trolox improved follicular quality and avoided apoptosis in stromal cells, ovarian tissue fibrosis was increased in Trolox-treated grafts, mainly due to an increase in collagen Type I synthesis.
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Apostolova N, Victor VM. Molecular strategies for targeting antioxidants to mitochondria: therapeutic implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:686-729. [PMID: 25546574 PMCID: PMC4350006 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function and specifically its implication in cellular redox/oxidative balance is fundamental in controlling the life and death of cells, and has been implicated in a wide range of human pathologies. In this context, mitochondrial therapeutics, particularly those involving mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, have attracted increasing interest as potentially effective therapies for several human diseases. For the past 10 years, great progress has been made in the development and functional testing of molecules that specifically target mitochondria, and there has been special focus on compounds with antioxidant properties. In this review, we will discuss several such strategies, including molecules conjugated with lipophilic cations (e.g., triphenylphosphonium) or rhodamine, conjugates of plant alkaloids, amino-acid- and peptide-based compounds, and liposomes. This area has several major challenges that need to be confronted. Apart from antioxidants and other redox active molecules, current research aims at developing compounds that are capable of modulating other mitochondria-controlled processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy. Multiple chemically different molecular strategies have been developed as delivery tools that offer broad opportunities for mitochondrial manipulation. Additional studies, and particularly in vivo approaches under physiologically relevant conditions, are necessary to confirm the clinical usefulness of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Apostolova
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, University Jaume I , Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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