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Villate A, Barreto GP, Nicolás MS, Aizpurua-Olaizola O, Olivares M, Usobiaga A. Development, Characterization and In Vitro Gastrointestinal Release of PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Full-Spectrum Cannabis Extracts. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:120. [PMID: 38816596 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids, such as ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), are effective bioactive compounds that improve the quality of life of patients with certain chronic conditions. The copolymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been used to encapsulate such compounds separately, providing pharmaceutical grade edible products with unique features. In this work, a variety of PLGA based nanoformulations that maintain the natural cannabinoid profile found in the plant (known as full-spectrum) are proposed and evaluated. Three different cannabis sources were used, representing the three most relevant cannabis chemotypes. PLGA nanocapsules loaded with different amounts of cannabinoids were prepared by nanoemulsion, and were then functionalized with three of the most common coating polymers: pectin, alginate and chitosan. In order to evaluate the suitability of the proposed formulations, all the synthesized nanocapsules were characterized, and their cannabinoid content, size, zeta-potential, morphology and in vitro bioaccessibility was determined. Regardless of the employed cannabis source, its load and the functionalization, high cannabinoid content PLGA nanocapsules with suitable particle size and zeta-potential were obtained. Study of nanocapsules' morphology and in vitro release assays in gastro-intestinal media suggested that high cannabis source load may compromise the structure of nanocapsules and their release properties, and hence, the use of lower content of cannabis source is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Villate
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque, Spain.
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque, Spain.
| | - Gastón Pablo Barreto
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Av del Valle 5737, CP7400, Olavarría, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CIFICEN (UNCPBA-CICPBA -CONICET), Av. Del Valle 5737, B7400JWI, Olavarría, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Markel San Nicolás
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque, Spain
- Sovereign Fields S.L, Larramendi Kalea 3, 20006, Donostia, Basque, Spain
| | | | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque, Spain
| | - Aresatz Usobiaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque, Spain
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Sobieraj J, Strzelecka K, Sobczak M, Oledzka E. How Biodegradable Polymers Can be Effective Drug Delivery Systems for Cannabinoids? Prospectives and Challenges. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4607-4649. [PMID: 38799700 PMCID: PMC11128233 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s458907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are compounds found in and derived from the Cannabis plants that have become increasingly recognised as significant modulating factors of physiological mechanisms and inflammatory reactions of the organism, thus inevitably affecting maintenance of homeostasis. Medical Cannabis popularity has surged since its legal regulation growing around the world. Numerous promising discoveries bring more data on cannabinoids' pharmacological characteristics and therapeutic applications. Given the current surge in interest in the medical use of cannabinoids, there is an urgent need for an effective method of their administration. Surpassing low bioavailability, low water solubility, and instability became an important milestone in the advancement of cannabinoids in pharmaceutical applications. The numerous uses of cannabinoids in clinical practice remain restricted by limited administration alternatives, but there is hope when biodegradable polymers are taken into account. The primary objective of this review is to highlight the wide range of indications for which cannabinoids may be used, as well as the polymeric carriers that enhance their effectiveness. The current review described a wide range of therapeutic applications of cannabinoids, including pain management, neurological and sleep disorders, anxiety, and cancer treatment. The use of these compounds was further examined in the area of dermatology and cosmetology. Finally, with the use of biodegradable polymer-based drug delivery systems (DDSs), it was demonstrated that cannabinoids can be delivered specifically to the intended site while also improving the drug's physicochemical properties, emphasizing their utility. Nevertheless, additional clinical trials on novel cannabinoids' formulations are required, as their full spectrum therapeutical potential is yet to be unravelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sobieraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Strzelecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Marcin Sobczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Ewa Oledzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
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Uniyal A, Tiwari V, Tsukamoto T, Dong X, Guan Y, Raja SN. Targeting sensory neuron GPCRs for peripheral neuropathic pain. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:1009-1027. [PMID: 37977131 PMCID: PMC10657387 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of peripheral neuropathic pain (NP) conditions and significant progress in understanding its underlying mechanisms, the management of peripheral NP remains inadequate. Existing pharmacotherapies for NP act primarily on the central nervous system (CNS) and are often associated with CNS-related adverse effects, limiting their clinical effectiveness. Mounting preclinical evidence indicates that reducing the heightened activity in primary sensory neurons by targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), without activating these receptors in the CNS, relieves pain without central adverse effects. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in GPCR-mediated peripheral pain relief and discuss strategies to advance the development of more effective and safer therapies for peripheral NP by shifting from traditional CNS modulatory approaches toward selective targeting of GPCRs on primary sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Uniyal
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U), Varanasi, India
| | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Department of Neurology and Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srinivasa N Raja
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology and Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Román-Vargas Y, Porras-Arguello JD, Blandón-Naranjo L, Pérez-Pérez LD, Benjumea DM. Evaluation of the Analgesic Effect of High-Cannabidiol-Content Cannabis Extracts in Different Pain Models by Using Polymeric Micelles as Vehicles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114299. [PMID: 37298776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, cannabis is considered an attractive option for the treatment of various diseases, including pain management. Thus, developing new analgesics is paramount for improving the health of people suffering from chronic pain. Safer natural derivatives such as cannabidiol (CBD) have shown excellent potential for the treatment of these diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of a CBD-rich cannabis extract (CE) encapsulated in polymeric micelles (CBD/PMs) using different pain models. The PEG-PCL polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. PMs were prepared by solvent evaporation and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy. The analgesic activity of CBD/PMs and nonencapsulated CE rich in CBD (CE/CBD) was evaluated using mouse thermal, chemical, and mechanical pain models. The acute toxicity of the encapsulated CE was determined by oral administration in mice at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 14 days. The release of CBD from the nanoparticles was assessed in vitro using a dialysis experiment. CBD/PMs with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 63.8 nm obtained from a biocompatible polyethylene glycol-block-polycaprolactone copolymer were used as nanocarriers for the extract formulations with 9.2% CBD content, which corresponded with a high encapsulation efficiency of 99.9%. The results of the pharmacological assays indicated that orally administered CBD/PMs were safe and exerted a better analgesic effect than CE/CBD. The micelle formulation had a significant analgesic effect in a chemical pain model, reaching a percentage of analgesia of 42%. CE was successfully encapsulated in a nanocarrier, providing better stability. Moreover, it proved to be more efficient as a carrier for CBD release. The analgesic activity of CBD/PMs was higher than that of free CE, implying that encapsulation is an efficient strategy for improving stability and functionality. In conclusion, CBD/PMs could be promising therapeutics for pain management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoreny Román-Vargas
- Grupo de Toxinología y Alternativas Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 1226, Colombia
| | - Julián David Porras-Arguello
- Grupo de Investigación Macromoléculas, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03, Edif. 476, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Lucas Blandón-Naranjo
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Estudios Moleculares-GIEM, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 1226, Colombia
| | - León Darío Pérez-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación Macromoléculas, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03, Edif. 476, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Dora María Benjumea
- Grupo de Toxinología y Alternativas Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 1226, Colombia
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Saraiva SM, Martín-Banderas L, Durán-Lobato M. Cannabinoid-Based Ocular Therapies and Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041077. [PMID: 37111563 PMCID: PMC10146987 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in the pharmacological applications of cannabinoids is largely increasing in a wide range of medical areas. Recently, research on its potential role in eye conditions, many of which are chronic and/or disabling and in need of new alternative treatments, has intensified. However, due to cannabinoids’ unfavorable physicochemical properties and adverse systemic effects, along with ocular biological barriers to local drug administration, drug delivery systems are needed. Hence, this review focused on the following: (i) identifying eye disease conditions potentially subject to treatment with cannabinoids and their pharmacological role, with emphasis on glaucoma, uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, keratitis and the prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections; (ii) reviewing the physicochemical properties of formulations that must be controlled and/or optimized for successful ocular administration; (iii) analyzing works evaluating cannabinoid-based formulations for ocular administration, with emphasis on results and limitations; and (iv) identifying alternative cannabinoid-based formulations that could potentially be useful for ocular administration strategies. Finally, an overview of the current advances and limitations in the field, the technological challenges to overcome and the prospective further developments, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M. Saraiva
- CPIRN-IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco de Sá Carneiro, No. 50, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Lucía Martín-Banderas
- Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González n °2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954556754
| | - Matilde Durán-Lobato
- Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González n °2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
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Villate A, San Nicolas M, Olivares M, Aizpurua-Olaizola O, Usobiaga A. Chitosan-Coated Alginate Microcapsules of a Full-Spectrum Cannabis Extract: Characterization, Long-Term Stability and In Vitro Bioaccessibility. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:859. [PMID: 36986720 PMCID: PMC10058102 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids present in Cannabis sativa are increasingly used in medicine due to their therapeutic potential. Moreover, the synergistic interaction between different cannabinoids and other plant constituents has led to the development of full-spectrum formulations for therapeutic treatments. In this work, the microencapsulation of a full-spectrum extract via vibration microencapsulation nozzle technique using chitosan-coated alginate is proposed to obtain an edible pharmaceutical-grade product. The suitability of microcapsules was assessed by their physicochemical characterization, long-term stability in three different storage conditions and in vitro gastrointestinal release. The synthetized microcapsules contained mainly ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-type and cannabinol (CBN)-type cannabinoids and had a mean size of 460 ± 260 µm and a mean sphericity of 0.5 ± 0.3. The stability assays revealed that capsules should be stored only at 4 °C in darkness to maintain their cannabinoid profile. In addition, based on the in vitro experiments, a fast intestinal release of cannabinoids ensures a medium-high bioaccessibility (57-77%) of therapeutically relevant compounds. The full characterization of microcapsules indicates that they could be used for the design of further full-spectrum cannabis oral formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Villate
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Markel San Nicolas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
- Sovereign Fields S.L., Larramendi Kalea 3, 20006 Donostia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | | | - Aresatz Usobiaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Qiao B, Song X, Zhang N, Xu M, Zhuang B, Guo H, Wu W, Yang Z, Xie X, Luan Y, Zhang C. Artificial nano-red blood cells nanoplatform with lysosomal escape capability for ultrasound imaging-guided on-demand pain management. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:798-810. [PMID: 36638944 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative pain management would benefit significantly from an anesthetic that could take effect in an on-demand manner. An ultrasound would be an appropriate tool for such nanoplatform because it is widely used in clinical settings for ultrasound-guided anesthesia. Herein, we report a nanoplatform for postoperative on-demand pain management that can effectively enhance their analgesic time while providing ultrasonic imaging. Levobupivacaine and perfluoropentane were put into dendritic mesoporous silica and covered with red blood cell membranes to make the pain relief last longer in living organisms. The generated nanoplatform with gas-producing capability is ultrasonic responsive and can finely escape from the lysosomal in cells under ultrasound irradiation, maximizing the anesthetic effect with minimal toxicity. Using an incision pain model in vivo, levobupivacaine's sustained and controlled release gives pain reduction for approximately 3 days straight. The duration of pain relief is over 20 times greater than with a single injection of free levobupivacaine. Effective pain management was reached in vivo, and the pain reduction was enhanced by repeated ultrasonic irradiation. There was no detectable systemic or tissue injury under either of the treatments. Thus, our results suggest that nanoplatform with lysosomal escape capability can provide a practical ultrasound imaging-guided on-demand pain management strategy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: On-demand pain management is essential to postoperative patients. However, the traditional on-demand pain management strategy is hampered by the limited tissue penetration depth of near-infrared stimuli and the lack of proper imaging guidance. The proposed research is significant because it provides a nanoplatform for deep penetrated ultrasound controlled pain management under clinical applicable ultrasound imaging guidance. Moreover, the nanoplatform with prolonged retention time and lysosomal escape capability can provide long-term pain alleviation. Therefore, our results suggest that nanoplatform with lysosomal escape capability can provide an effective strategy for ultrasound imaging-guided on-demand pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qiao
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xinye Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116011, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Bowen Zhuang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Huanling Guo
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhuyang Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Yong Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116011, PR China.
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FULL-SPECTRUM CANNABIS EXTRACT LOADED POLY(THIOETHER-ESTER) NANOPARTICLES: IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTITUMORAL EFFICACY. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Song X, Luan M, Zhang W, Zhang R, Xue L, Luan Y. Moderate-Intensity Ultrasound-Triggered On-Demand Analgesia Nanoplatforms for Postoperative Pain Management. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3177-3189. [PMID: 35909815 PMCID: PMC9329681 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s367190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The restricted duration is a fundamental drawback of traditional local anesthetics during postoperative pain from a single injection. Therefore, an injectable local anesthetic that produces repeatable on-demand nerve blocks would be ideal. Methods We offer ultrasound-triggered on-demand analgesia consisting of dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSN) carried with ultrasound-sensitive perfluoropentane (PFP) and levobupivacaine (DMSN-bupi-PFP) to achieve repeatable and customizable on-demand local anesthetics. Results The vaporization of liquid PFP was triggered by ultrasound irradiation to produce a gas environment. Subsequently, the enhanced cavitation effect could improve the release of levobupivacaine to achieve pain relief under a moderate-intensity ultrasound irradiation. DMSN-bupi-PFP demonstrated a controlled-release pattern and showed a reinforced ultrasonic sensitivity compared to levobupivacaine loaded DMSN (DMSN-bupi). The sustained release of levobupivacaine produced continuous analgesia of more than 9 hours in a model of incision pain, approximately 3 times longer than a single free levobupivacaine injection (3 hours). The external ultrasound irradiation can trigger the release of levobupivacaine repeatedly, resulting in on-demand analgesia. In addition, DMSN-bupi-PFP nanoplatforms for ultrasound-enabled analgesia showed low neurotoxicity and good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion This DMSN-bupi-PFP nanoplatform can be used in pain management by providing long-lasting and on-demand pain alleviation with the help of moderate-intensity ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxiao Luan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
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Babaie S, Taghvimi A, Hong JH, Hamishehkar H, An S, Kim KH. Recent advances in pain management based on nanoparticle technologies. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:290. [PMID: 35717383 PMCID: PMC9206757 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a vital sense that indicates the risk of injury at a particular body part. Successful control of pain is the principal aspect in medical treatment. In recent years, the advances of nanotechnology in pain management have been remarkable. In this review, we focus on literature and published data that reveal various applications of nanotechnology in acute and chronic pain management. METHODS The presented content is based on information collected through pain management publications (227 articles up to April 2021) provided by Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar services. RESULTS A comprehensive study of the articles revealed that nanotechnology-based drug delivery has provided acceptable results in pain control, limiting the side effects and increasing the efficacy of analgesic drugs. Besides the ability of nanotechnology to deliver drugs, sophisticated nanosystems have been designed to enhance imaging and diagnostics, which help in rapid diagnosis of diseases and have a significant impact on controlling pain. Furthermore, with the development of various tools, nanotechnology can accurately measure pain and use these measurements to display the efficiency of different interventions. CONCLUSIONS Nanotechnology has started a new era in the pain management and many promising results have been achieved in this regard. Nevertheless, there is still no substantial and adequate act of nanotechnology in this field. Therefore, efforts should be directed to broad investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Babaie
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center and Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezou Taghvimi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Joo-Hyun Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Seongpil An
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Future Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Spinal Cord Injury: The Challenges of Nanomedicine, Supplements or Opportunities? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061373. [PMID: 35740395 PMCID: PMC9219608 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common chronic condition that severely affects patients with spinal cord injuries (SCI). It impairs the overall quality of life and is considered difficult to treat. Currently, clinical management of NP is often limited to drug therapy, primarily with opioid analgesics that have limited therapeutic efficacy. The persistence and intractability of NP following SCI and the potential health risks associated with opioids necessitate improved treatment approaches. Nanomedicine has gained increasing attention in recent years for its potential to improve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing toxicity by providing sensitive and targeted treatments that overcome the limitations of conventional pain medications. The current perspective begins with a brief discussion of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying NP and the current pain treatment for SCI. We discuss the most frequently used nanomaterials in pain diagnosis and treatment as well as recent and ongoing efforts to effectively treat pain by proactively mediating pain signals following SCI. Although nanomedicine is a rapidly growing field, its application to NP in SCI is still limited. Therefore, additional work is required to improve the current treatment of NP following SCI.
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da Silva A, Lepetre-Mouelhi S, Couvreur P. Micro- and nanocarriers for pain alleviation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114359. [PMID: 35654211 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute or chronic pain is a major source of impairment in quality of life and affects a substantial part of the population. To date, pain is alleviated by a limited range of treatments with significant toxicity, increased risk of misuse and inconsistent efficacy, owing, in part, to lack of specificity and/or unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties. Thanks to the unique properties of nanoscaled drug carriers, nanomedicine may enhance drug biodistribution and targeting, thus contributing to improved bioavailability and lower off-target toxicity. After a brief overview of the current situation and the main critical issues regarding pain alleviation, this review will examine the most advanced approaches using nanomedicine of each drug class, from the preclinical stage to approved nanomedicines.
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13
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Nerve injury induces transient locus coeruleus activation over time: role of the locus coeruleus-dorsal reticular nucleus pathway. Pain 2022; 163:943-954. [PMID: 35025190 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The transition from acute to chronic pain results in maladaptive brain remodeling, as characterized by sensorial hypersensitivity and the ensuing appearance of emotional disorders. Using the chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve as a model of neuropathic pain in male Sprague-Dawley rats, we identified time-dependent plasticity of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons related to the site of injury, ipsilateral (LCipsi) or contralateral (LCcontra) to the lesion, hypothesizing that the LC→dorsal reticular nucleus (DRt) pathway is involved in the pathological nociception associated with chronic pain. LCipsi inactivation with lidocaine increased cold allodynia 2 days after nerve injury but not later. However, similar blockade of LCcontra reduced cold allodynia 7 and 30 days after inducing neuropathy but not earlier. Furthermore, lidocaine blockade of the LCipsi or LCcontra reversed pain-induced depression 30 days after neuropathy. Long-term pain enhances phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein expression in the DRtcontra but not in the DRtipsi. Moreover, inactivation of the LCcontra→DRtcontra pathway using dual viral-mediated gene transfer of designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs produced consistent analgesia in evoked and spontaneous pain 30 days postinjury. This analgesia was similar to that produced by spinal activation of α2-adrenoreceptors. Furthermore, chemogenetic inactivation of the LCcontra→DRtcontra pathway induced depressive-like behaviour in naïve animals, but it did not modify long-term pain-induced depression. Overall, nerve damage activates the LCipsi, which temporally dampens the neuropathic phenotype. However, the ensuing activation of a LCcontra→DRtcontra facilitatory pain projection contributes to chronic pain, whereas global bilateral LC activation contributes to associated depressive-like phenotype.
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14
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Ford ZK, Reker AN, Chen S, Kadakia F, Bunk A, Davidson S. Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Expression in Human Dorsal Root Ganglia and CB13-Induced Bidirectional Modulation of Sensory Neuron Activity. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 2:721332. [PMID: 35295508 PMCID: PMC8915700 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.721332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors have been identified as potential targets for analgesia from studies on animal physiology and behavior, and from human clinical trials. Here, we sought to improve translational understanding of the mechanisms of cannabinoid-mediated peripheral analgesia. Human lumbar dorsal root ganglia were rapidly recovered from organ donors to perform physiological and anatomical investigations into the potential for cannabinoids to mediate analgesia at the level of the peripheral nervous system. Anatomical characterization of in situ gene expression and immunoreactivity showed that 61 and 53% of human sensory neurons express the CB1 gene and receptor, respectively. Calcium influx evoked by the algogen capsaicin was measured by Fura-2AM in dissociated human sensory neurons pre-exposed to the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) alone or together with CB13 (1 μM), a cannabinoid agonist with limited blood–brain barrier permeability. Both a higher proportion of neurons and a greater magnitude of response to capsaicin were observed after exposure to CB13, indicating cannabinoid-mediated sensitization. In contrast, membrane properties measured by patch-clamp electrophysiology demonstrated that CB13 suppressed excitability and reduced action potential discharge in PGE2-pre-incubated sensory neurons, suggesting the suppression of sensitization. This bidirectional modulation of sensory neuron activity suggests that cannabinoids may suppress overall membrane excitability while simultaneously enhancing responsivity to TRPV1-mediated stimuli. We conclude that peripherally restricted cannabinoids may have both pro- and anti-nociceptive effects in human sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary K Ford
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ashlie N Reker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Feni Kadakia
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alexander Bunk
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Steve Davidson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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15
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El-Hammadi MM, Small-Howard AL, Jansen C, Fernández-Arévalo M, Turner H, Martín-Banderas L. Potential Use for Chronic Pain: Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles Enhance the Effects of Cannabis-Based Terpenes on Calcium Influx in TRPV1-Expressing Cells. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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16
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Ford NC, Barpujari A, He SQ, Huang Q, Zhang C, Dong X, Guan Y, Raja SN. Role of primary sensory neurone cannabinoid type-1 receptors in pain and the analgesic effects of the peripherally acting agonist CB-13 in mice. Br J Anaesth 2022; 128:159-173. [PMID: 34844727 PMCID: PMC8787781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1Rs) are expressed in primary sensory neurones, but their role in pain modulation remains unclear. METHODS We produced Pirt-CB1R conditional knockout (cKO) mice to delete CB1Rs in primary sensory neurones selectively, and used behavioural, pharmacological, and electrophysiological approaches to examine the influence of peripheral CB1R signalling on nociceptive and inflammatory pain. RESULTS Conditional knockout of Pirt-CB1R did not alter mechanical or heat nociceptive thresholds, complete Freund adjuvant-induced inflammation, or heat hyperalgesia in vivo. The intrinsic membrane properties of small-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurones were also comparable between cKO and wild-type mice. Systemic administration of CB-13, a peripherally restricted CB1/CB2R dual agonist (5 mg kg-1), inhibited nociceptive pain and complete Freund adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain. These effects of CB-13 were diminished in Pirt-CB1R cKO mice. In small-diameter neurones from wild-type mice, CB-13 concentration-dependently inhibited high-voltage activated calcium current (HVA-ICa) and induced a rightward shift of the channel open probability curve. The effects of CB-13 were significantly attenuated by AM6545 (a CB1R antagonist) and Pirt-CB1R cKO. CONCLUSION CB1R signalling in primary sensory neurones did not inhibit nociceptive or inflammatory pain, or the intrinsic excitability of nociceptive neurones. However, peripheral CB1Rs are important for the analgesic effects of systemically administered CB-13. In addition, HVA-ICa inhibition appears to be a key ionic mechanism for CB-13-induced pain inhibition. Thus, peripherally restricted CB1R agonists could have utility for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Ford
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Awinita Barpujari
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shao-Qiu He
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qian Huang
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Srinivasa N Raja
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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17
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Bhansali D, Teng SL, Lee CS, Schmidt BL, Bunnett NW, Leong KW. Nanotechnology for Pain Management: Current and Future Therapeutic Interventions. NANO TODAY 2021; 39:101223. [PMID: 34899962 PMCID: PMC8654201 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pain is one of the most common medical conditions and affects more Americans than diabetes, heart disease, and cancer combined. Current pain treatments mainly rely on opioid analgesics and remain unsatisfactory. The life-threatening side effects and addictive properties of opioids demand new therapeutic approaches. Nanomedicine may be able to address these challenges as it allows for sensitive and targeted treatments without some of the burdens associated with current clinical pain therapies. This review discusses the physiology of pain, the current landscape of pain treatment, novel targets for pain treatment, and recent and ongoing efforts to effectively treat pain using nanotechnology-based approaches. We highl ight advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery to reduce side effects, gene therapy to tackle the source of pain, and nanomaterials-based scavenging to proactively mediate pain signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhansali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Shavonne L. Teng
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010
| | - Caleb S. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Brian L. Schmidt
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Nigel W. Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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18
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Phadke A, Amin P. A Recent Update on Drug Delivery Systems for Pain Management. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2021; 35:175-214. [PMID: 34157247 DOI: 10.1080/15360288.2021.1925386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pain remains a global health challenge affecting approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide. Pain has been an implicit variable in the equation of human life for many centuries considering different types and the magnitude of pain. Therefore, developing an efficacious drug delivery system for pain management remains an open challenge for researchers in the field of medicine. Lack of therapeutic efficacy still persists, despite high throughput studies in the field of pain management. Research scientists have been exploiting different alternatives to curb the adverse side effects of pain medications or attempting a more substantial approach to minimize the prevalence of pain. Various drug delivery systems have been developed such as nanoparticles, microparticles to curb adverse side effects of pain medications or minimize the prevalence of pain. This literature review firstly provides a brief introduction of pain as a sensation and its pharmacological interventions. Second, it highlights the most recent studies in the pharmaceutical field for pain management and serves as a strong base for future developments. Herein, we have classified drug delivery systems based on their sizes such as nano, micro, and macro systems, and for each of the reviewed systems, design, formulation strategies, and drug release performance has been discussed.
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19
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Light K, Karboune S. Emulsion, hydrogel and emulgel systems and novel applications in cannabinoid delivery: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8199-8229. [PMID: 34024201 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1926903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Emulsions, hydrogels and emulgels have attracted a high interest as tools for the delivery of poorly soluble hydrophobic nutraceuticals by enhancing their stability and bioavailability. This review provides an overview of these delivery systems, their unique qualities and their interactions with the human gastrointestinal system. The modulation of the various delivery systems to enhance the bioavailability and modify the release profile of bioactive encapsulates is highlighted. The application of the delivery systems in the delivery of cannabinoids is also discussed. With the recent increase of cannabis legalization across North America, there is much interest in developing cannabis edibles which can provide a consistent dose of cannabinoids per portion with a rapid time of onset. Indeed, the long time of onset of psychoactive effects and varied metabolic responses to these products result in a high risk of severe intoxication due to overconsumption. Sophisticated emulsion or hydrogel-based delivery systems are one potential tool to achieve this goal. To date, there is a lack of evidence linking specific classes of delivery systems with their pharmacokinetic profiles in humans. More research is needed to directly compare different classes of delivery systems for the gastrointestinal delivery of cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Light
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
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20
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Fakhri S, Abbaszadeh F, Jorjani M. On the therapeutic targets and pharmacological treatments for pain relief following spinal cord injury: A mechanistic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111563. [PMID: 33873146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is globally considered as one of the most debilitating disorders, which interferes with daily activities and life of the affected patients. Despite many developments in related recognizing and treating procedures, post-SCI neuropathic pain (NP) is still a clinical challenge for clinicians with no distinct treatments. Accordingly, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and national database (SID and Irandoc). The relevant articles regarding signaling pathways, therapeutic targets and pharmacotherapy of post-SCI pain were also reviewed. Data were collected with no time limitation until November 2020. The present study provides the findings on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets, as well as developing the critical signaling pathways to introduce novel neuroprotective treatments of post-SCI pain. From the pathophysiological mechanistic point of view, post-SCI inflammation activates the innate immune system, in which the immune cells elicit secondary injuries. So, targeting the critical signaling pathways for pain management in the SCI population has significant importance in providing new treatments. Indeed, several receptors, ion channels, excitatory neurotransmitters, enzymes, and key signaling pathways could be used as therapeutic targets, with a pivotal role of n-methyl-D-aspartate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and inflammatory mediators. The current review focuses on conventional therapies, as well as crucial signaling pathways and promising therapeutic targets for post-SCI pain to provide new insights into the clinical treatment of post-SCI pain. The need to develop innovative delivery systems to treat SCI is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jorjani
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Boyacıoğlu Ö, Bilgiç E, Varan C, Bilensoy E, Nemutlu E, Sevim D, Kocaefe Ç, Korkusuz P. ACPA decreases non-small cell lung cancer line growth through Akt/PI3K and JNK pathways in vitro. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:56. [PMID: 33431819 PMCID: PMC7801394 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic agents used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have limited curative efficacy and may trigger serious adverse effects. Cannabinoid ligands exert antiproliferative effect and induce apoptosis on numerous epithelial cancers. We confirmed that CB1 receptor (CB1R) is expressed in NSCLC cells in this study. Arachidonoylcyclopropylamide (ACPA) as a synthetic, CB1R-specific ligand decreased proliferation rate in NSCLC cells by WST-1 analysis and real-time proliferation assay (RTCA). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) dose of ACPA was calculated as 1.39 × 10-12 M. CB1 antagonist AM281 inhibited the antiproliferative effect of ACPA. Flow cytometry and ultrastructural analyzes revealed significant early and late apoptosis with diminished cell viability. Nano-immunoassay and metabolomics data on activation status of CB1R-mediated pro-apoptotic pathways found that ACPA inhibited Akt/PI3K pathway, glycolysis, TCA cycle, amino acid biosynthesis, and urea cycle and activated JNK pathway. ACPA lost its chemical stability after 24 hours tested by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. A novel ACPA-PCL nanoparticle system was developed by nanoprecipitation method and characterized. Sustained release of ACPA-PCL nanoparticles also reduced proliferation of NSCLC cells. Our results demonstrated that low dose ACPA and ACPA-PCL nanoparticle system harbor opportunities to be developed as a novel therapy in NSCLC patients that require further in vivo studies beforehand to validate its anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Boyacıoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
- Atılım University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 06830, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Bilgiç
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cem Varan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erem Bilensoy
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Sevim
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çetin Kocaefe
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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22
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Bluette CT, Shoieb AM, Peng Q, Manickam B, Huang W, Shin E, Zhang W, Song YH, Liu CN. Behavioral, Histopathologic, and Molecular Biological Responses of Nanoparticle- and Solution-Based Formulations of Vincristine in Mice. Int J Toxicol 2020; 40:40-51. [PMID: 33148080 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820968255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Clinical use of the chemotherapeutic agent vincristine (VCR) is limited by chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CiPN). A new formulation of VCR encapsulated by nanoparticles has been proposed and developed to alleviate CiPN. We hypothesized in nonclinical animals that the nanoparticle drug would be less neurotoxic due to different absorption and distribution properties to the peripheral nerve from the unencapsulated free drug. Here, we assessed whether VCR encapsulation in nanoparticles alleviates CiPN using behavioral gait analysis (CatWalk), histopathologic and molecular biological (RT-qPCR) approaches. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to 3 groups (empty nanoparticle, nano-VCR, solution-based VCR, each n = 8). After 15 days of dosing, animals were euthanized for tissue collection. It was shown that intraperitoneal administration of nano-VCR (0.15 mg/kg, every other day) and the empty nanoparticle resulted in no changes in gait parameters; whereas, injection of solution-based VCR resulted in decreased run speed and increased step cycle and stance (P < 0.05). There were no differences in incidence and severity of degeneration in the sciatic nerves between the nano-VCR-dosed and solution-based VCR-dosed animals. Likewise, decreased levels of a nervous tissue-enriched microRNA-183 in circulating blood did not show a significant difference between the nano- and solution-based VCR groups (P > 0.05). Empty nanoparticle administration did not cause any behavioral, microRNA, or structural changes. In conclusion, this study suggests that the nano-VCR formulation may alleviate behavioral changes in CiPN, but it does not improve the structural changes of CiPN in peripheral nerve. Nanoparticle properties may need to be optimized to improve biological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal T Bluette
- Comparative Medicine, 105623Pfizer Worldwide RD&M, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed M Shoieb
- Drug Safety R&D, 105623Pfizer Worldwide RD&M, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Qinghai Peng
- Drug Safety R&D, 105623Pfizer Worldwide RD&M, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Wenhu Huang
- Drug Safety R&D, 105623Pfizer Worldwide RD&M, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eyoung Shin
- Oncology, 105623Pfizer Worldwide RD&M, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Oncology, 105623Pfizer Worldwide RD&M, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - Young-Ho Song
- Oncology, 105623Pfizer Worldwide RD&M, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - Chang-Ning Liu
- Comparative Medicine, 105623Pfizer Worldwide RD&M, Groton, CT, USA. Peng is now with Protego Biopharma, San Diego, CA, USA
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23
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Supercritical fluid technologies applied to the extraction of compounds of industrial interest from Cannabis sativa L. and to their pharmaceutical formulations: A review. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Phạm TL, Kim DW. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanomaterial-based treatment options for pain management: a review. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1897-1913. [PMID: 32757701 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is one of the most intense types of chronic pain; it constitutes a pervasive complaint throughout the public health system. With few effective treatments, it remains a significant challenge. Commercially available drugs for neuropathic pain are still limited and have disappointing efficacy. Therefore, chronic neuropathic pain imposes a tremendous burden on patients' quality of life. Recently, the introduction and application of nanotechnology in multiple fields has accelerated the development of new drugs. This review highlights the application of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanomaterial-based vehicles for drug delivery and how they improve the therapeutic outcomes for neuropathic pain treatment. Finally, future developments for pain research and effective management are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuỳ Linh Phạm
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Hai Phong University of Medicine & Pharmacy Hospital, Hai Phong, 042-12, Vietnam
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
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25
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Uziel A, Gelfand A, Amsalem K, Berman P, Lewitus GM, Meiri D, Lewitus DY. Full-Spectrum Cannabis Extract Microdepots Support Controlled Release of Multiple Phytocannabinoids for Extended Therapeutic Effect. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23707-23716. [PMID: 32369348 PMCID: PMC7467538 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of the Cannabis plant largely depends on the presence and specific ratio of a spectrum of phytocannabinoids. Although prescription of medicinal Cannabis for various conditions constantly grows, its consumption is mostly limited to oral or respiratory pathways, impeding its duration of action, bioavailability, and efficacy. Herein, a long-acting formulation in the form of melt-printed polymeric microdepots for full-spectrum cannabidiol (CBD)-rich extract administration is described. When injected subcutaneously in mice, the microdepots facilitate sustained release of the encapsulated extract over a two-week period. The prolonged delivery results in elevated serum levels of multiple, major and minor, phytocannabinoids for over 14 days, compared to Cannabis extract injection. A direct analysis of the microdepots retrieved from the injection site gives rise to an empirical model for the release kinetics of the phytocannabinoids as a function of their physical traits. As a proof of concept, we compare the long-term efficacy of a single administration of the microdepots to a single administration of Cannabis extract in a pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion model. One week following administration, the microdepots reduce the incidence of tonic-clonic seizures by 40%, increase the survival rate by 50%, and the latency to first tonic-clonic seizures by 170%. These results suggest that a long-term full-spectrum Cannabis delivery system may provide new form of Cannabis administration and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almog Uziel
- Department
of Polymers and Plastics Engineering, Shenkar
College of Engineering, Design and Art, Ramat-Gan 52526, Israel
| | - Anat Gelfand
- The
Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department
of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of
Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | - Keren Amsalem
- The
Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department
of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of
Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | - Paula Berman
- The
Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department
of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of
Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | - Gil M. Lewitus
- The
Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department
of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of
Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | - David Meiri
- The
Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department
of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of
Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
- (D.M.)
| | - Dan Y. Lewitus
- Department
of Polymers and Plastics Engineering, Shenkar
College of Engineering, Design and Art, Ramat-Gan 52526, Israel
- (D.Y.L.)
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26
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CX3CR1-Targeted PLGA Nanoparticles Reduce Microglia Activation and Pain Behavior in Rats with Spinal Nerve Ligation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103469. [PMID: 32423102 PMCID: PMC7279022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of CX3CR1 in microglia plays an important role in the development of neuropathic pain. Here, we investigated whether neuropathic pain could be attenuated in spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced rats by reducing microglial activation through the use of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-encapsulated CX3CR1 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles. After confirming the efficacy and specificity of CX3CR1 siRNA, as evidenced by its anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells in vitro, PLGA-encapsulated CX3CR1 siRNA nanoparticles were synthesized by sonication using the conventional double emulsion (W/O/W) method and administered intrathecally into SNL rats. CX3CR1 siRNA-treated rats exhibited significant reductions in the activation of microglia in the spinal dorsal horn and a downregulation of proinflammatory mediators, as well as a significant attenuation of mechanical allodynia. These data indicate that the PLGA-encapsulated CX3CR1 siRNA nanoparticles effectively reduce neuropathic pain in SNL-induced rats by reducing microglial activity and the expression of proinflammatory mediators. Therefore, we believe that PLGA-encapsulated CX3CR1 siRNA nanoparticles represent a valuable new treatment option for neuropathic pain.
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Shin N, Shin HJ, Yi Y, Beom J, Lee W, Lee CH, Kim DW. p66shc siRNA-Encapsulated PLGA Nanoparticles Ameliorate Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Nerve Ligation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051014. [PMID: 32365512 PMCID: PMC7284875 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p66shc, a member of the shc adaptor protein family, has been shown to participate in regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis, apoptosis, and autophagosome formation. The present study was performed to investigate whether p66shc siRNA-encapsulated poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (p66shc siRNA-PLGA NPs) can attenuate spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. The SNL-induced pain behavior was decreased in the p66shc siRNA-PLGA NP-treated group compared with the scrambled siRNA-PLGA NP-treated group. In the L5 spinal cord of the p66shc siRNA-PLGA NP-treated group, expression levels of phosphorylated p66shc, cleaved caspase-3, p62, and PINK1, as well as microglial activation, were also decreased. In addition, p66shc knockdown using p66shc siRNA reduced the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, p62, and PINK1, as well as proinflammatory mediators in the H2O2-treated HT22 neuronal cells. These results suggest that downregulation of p66shc expression in the spinal cord using p66shc siRNA-PLGA NPs could reduce the SNL-induced neuropathic pain by attenuating the SNL-induced aberrant autophagic, mitophagic, and neuroinflammatory processes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University and Gangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Korea
| | - Jaewon Beom
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Wonhyung Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (D.W.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1441 (C.-H.L.); +82-42-580-8201 (D.W.K.); Fax: +82-41-559-7899 (C.-H.L.); +82-42-586-4800 (D.W.K.)
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (D.W.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1441 (C.-H.L.); +82-42-580-8201 (D.W.K.); Fax: +82-41-559-7899 (C.-H.L.); +82-42-586-4800 (D.W.K.)
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Öztürk AA, Yenilmez E, Şenel B, Kıyan HT, Güven UM. Effect of different molecular weight PLGA on flurbiprofen nanoparticles: formulation, characterization, cytotoxicity, and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect by using HET-CAM assay. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:682-695. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1755304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Alper Öztürk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Evrim Yenilmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Behiye Şenel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Hülya Tuba Kıyan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Umay Merve Güven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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29
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Kuthati Y, Navakanth Rao V, Busa P, Tummala S, Davuluri Venkata Naga G, Wong CS. Scope and Applications of Nanomedicines for the Management of Neuropathic Pain. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1015-1027. [PMID: 32142287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, resulting from the dysfunction of the peripheral and central nervous system, occurs in a variety of pathological conditions including trauma, diabetes, cancer, HIV, surgery, multiple sclerosis, ischemic attack, alcoholism, spinal cord damage, and many others. Despite the availability of various treatment strategies, the percentage of patients achieving adequate pain relief remains low. The clinical failure of most effective drugs is often not due to a lack of drug efficacy but due to the dose-limiting central nervous system (CNS) toxicity of the drugs that preclude dose escalation. There is a need for cross-disciplinary collaborations to meet these challenges. In this regard, the integration of nanotechnology with neuroscience is one of the most important fields. In recent years, promising preclinical research has been reported in this field. This review highlights the current challenges associated with conventional neuropathic pain treatments, the scope for nanomaterials in delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier, and the state and prospects of nanomaterials for the management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaswanth Kuthati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei 280, Taiwan
| | - Vaikar Navakanth Rao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Prabhakar Busa
- Department of Life Sciences, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Srikrishna Tummala
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei 280, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 280, Taiwan
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30
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Martín Giménez VM, Russo MG, Narda GE, Fuentes LB, Mazzei L, Gamarra-Luques C, Kassuha DE, Manucha W. Synthesis, physicochemical characterisation and biological activity of anandamide/ɛ-polycaprolactone nanoparticles obtained by electrospraying. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:86-93. [PMID: 31935683 PMCID: PMC8676047 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2019.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug encapsulation in nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles (Nps) may help to overcome the limitations associated with cannabinoids. In this study, the authors' work aimed to highlight the use of electrospraying techniques for the development of carrier Nps of anandamide (AEA), an endocannabinoid with attractive pharmacological effects but underestimated due to its unfavourable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties added to its undesirable effects at the level of the central nervous system. The authors characterised physicochemically and evaluated in vitro biological activity of anandamide/ɛ-polycaprolactone nanoparticles (Nps-AEA/PCL) obtained by electrospraying in epithelial cells of the human proximal tubule (HK2), to prove the utility of this method and to validate the biological effect of Nps-AEA/PCL. They obtained particles from 100 to 900 nm of diameter with a predominance of 200-400 nm. Their zeta potential was -20 ± 1.86 mV. They demonstrated the stable encapsulation of AEA in Nps-AEA/PCL, as well as its dose-dependent capacity to induce the expression of iNOS and NO levels and to decrease the Na+/K+ ATPase activity in HK2 cells. Obtaining Nps-AEA/PCL by electrospraying would represent a promising methodology for a novel AEA pharmaceutical formulation development with optimal physicochemical properties, physical stability and biological activity on HK2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virna M Martín Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 1516 (o), 5400, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Marcos G Russo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Almirante Brown 1455, D5700HGC, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Griselda E Narda
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Almirante Brown 1455, D5700HGC, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Lucía B Fuentes
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, D5700HOJ, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Luciana Mazzei
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental Básica y Traslacional. Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. Libertador 80 - Parque General San Martín, Centro Universitario, M5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carlos Gamarra-Luques
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IMBECU-CONICET), Av. Ruiz Leal s/n - Parque Gral. San Martín, M5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Diego E Kassuha
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 1516 (o), 5400, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Walter Manucha
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental Básica y Traslacional. Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. Libertador 80 - Parque General San Martín, Centro Universitario, M5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
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31
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Cavalli E, Mammana S, Nicoletti F, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. The neuropathic pain: An overview of the current treatment and future therapeutic approaches. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 33:2058738419838383. [PMID: 30900486 PMCID: PMC6431761 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419838383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is characterized by abnormal hypersensitivity to stimuli (hyperalgesia) and nociceptive responses to non-noxious stimuli (allodynia). The conditions and the pathophysiological states that determine the onset of neuropathic pain are heterogeneous, such as metabolic disorders, neuropathy caused by viral infections, and autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Neuropathic pain in the general population is estimated to have a prevalence ranging between 3% and 17%. Most of the available treatments for neuropathic pain have moderate efficacy and present side effects that limit their use; therefore, other therapeutic approaches are needed for patients. In this article, the current standard of care treatment, the emerging pharmacological approaches from the completed phase III clinical trials, and the preclinical studies on novel promising therapeutic options will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santa Mammana
- 1 I.R.C.C.S. Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- 2 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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32
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Aparicio-Blanco J, Sebastián V, Benoit JP, Torres-Suárez AI. Lipid nanocapsules decorated and loaded with cannabidiol as targeted prolonged release carriers for glioma therapy: In vitro screening of critical parameters. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 134:126-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Shin J, Yin Y, Park H, Park S, Triantafillu UL, Kim Y, Kim SR, Lee SY, Kim DK, Hong J, Kim DW. p38 siRNA-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles alleviate neuropathic pain behavior in rats by inhibiting microglia activation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1607-1621. [PMID: 30028250 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether p38 small-interfering RNA-loaded nanoparticles (p38 siRNA NPs) attenuate spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain in rats by suppressing spinal microglia activation via p38 targeting. MATERIALS & METHODS After synthesizing p38 siRNA NPs with sonication, physical characteristics were measured for size and zeta potential. p38 siRNA NPs were then administrated intrathecally into SNL rats if they could reduce pain behavior excellently. RESULTS p38 siRNA NPs significantly reduced mechanical allodynia as well as microgliosis in the spinal dorsal horns of SNL rats, consistent with a downregulation of p38-related proinflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION As p38 in the spinal microglia plays a critical role in neuropathic pain, we expect that p38 siRNA NPs could be a promising tool for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhua Yin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjo Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Ursula L Triantafillu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeul Lee
- Department of Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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