1
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Shim G, Youn YS. Precise subcellular targeting approaches for organelle-related disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 212:115411. [PMID: 39032657 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacological research has expanded to the nanoscale level with advanced imaging technologies, enabling the analysis of drug distribution at the cellular organelle level. These advances in research techniques have contributed to the targeting of cellular organelles to address the fundamental causes of diseases. Beyond navigating the hurdles of reaching lesion tissues upon administration and identifying target cells within these tissues, controlling drug accumulation at the organelle level is the most refined method of disease management. This approach opens new avenues for the development of more potent therapeutic strategies by delving into the intricate roles and interplay of cellular organelles. Thus, organelle-targeted approaches help overcome the limitations of conventional therapies by precisely regulating functionally compartmentalized spaces based on their environment. This review discusses the basic concepts of organelle targeting research and proposes strategies to target diseases arising from organelle dysfunction. We also address the current challenges faced by organelle targeting and explore future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayong Shim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science and Integrative Institute of Basic Sciences, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Das T, Mondal S, Das S, Das S, Das Saha K. Enhanced anticancer activity of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) encapsulated NPs toward colon cancer cell lines. Free Radic Res 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38810269 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2360013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a bioactive polyphenol of green tea, has chemo-preventive effects against various cancer cells. Nanoparticles (NPs) carrying different ligands are able to specifically interact with their receptors on different cancer cells that can provide effective release of cytotoxic drugs. In the present study, we have prepared EGCG entrapped NPs using PLGA (poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and folic acid (FA) via double emulsion solvent evaporation (DESE) method obtained PLGA-EGCG (P-E), PLGA-PEG-EGCG (PP-E), and PLGA-PEG-FA-EGCG (PPF-E). Nanoformulations had been characterized with 1H NMR and FT-IR techniques, AFM, and DLS. PPF-E NPs showed an average size of 220 nm. Analysis of zeta potential confirmed the stability of NPs. HCT-116, HT-29, HCT-15, and HEK 293 cells were treated with both the prepared NPs and free EGCG (0-140 μM). Result showed PPF-E NPs had improved delivery, uptake and cell cytotoxicity toward human folic acid receptor-positive (FR+) colorectal cancer (CRC) cells as mainly on HCT-116 compared to HT-29, but not on the folic acid-negative cells (FR-) as HCT-15. PPF-E NPs enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in absence of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), elevated DNA fragmentation level, and increased apoptotic cell death at higher doses compared to other two NPs and free EGCG. In conclusion, PPF-E NPs exerted greater efficacy than PP-E, P-E, and free EGCG in HCT-116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Das
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanchaita Mondal
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujata Das
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjib Das
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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3
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Maaz A, Blagbrough IS, De Bank PA. A Cell-Based Nasal Model for Screening the Deposition, Biocompatibility, and Transport of Aerosolized PLGA Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1108-1124. [PMID: 38333983 PMCID: PMC10915796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The olfactory region of the nasal cavity directly links the brain to the external environment, presenting a potential direct route to the central nervous system (CNS). However, targeting drugs to the olfactory region is challenging and relies on a combination of drug formulation, delivery device, and administration technique to navigate human nasal anatomy. In addition, in vitro and in vivo models utilized to evaluate the performance of nasal formulations do not accurately reflect deposition and uptake in the human nasal cavity. The current study describes the development of a respirable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle (PLGA NP) formulation, delivered via a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI), and a cell-containing three-dimensional (3D) human nasal cast model for deposition assessment of nasal formulations in the olfactory region. Fluorescent PLGA NPs (193 ± 3 nm by dynamic light scattering) were successfully formulated in an HFA134a-based pMDI and were collected intact following aerosolization. RPMI 2650 cells, widely employed as a nasal epithelial model, were grown at the air-liquid interface (ALI) for 14 days to develop a suitable barrier function prior to exposure to the aerosolized PLGA NPs in a glass deposition apparatus. Direct aerosol exposure was shown to have little effect on cell viability. Compared to an aqueous NP suspension, the transport rate of the aerosolized NPs across the RPMI 2650 barrier was higher at all time points indicating the potential advantages of delivery via aerosolization and the importance of employing ALI cellular models for testing respirable formulations. The PLGA NPs were then aerosolized into a 3D-printed human nasal cavity model with an insert of ALI RPMI 2650 cells positioned in the olfactory region. Cells remained highly viable, and there was significant deposition of the fluorescent NPs on the ALI cultures. This study is a proof of concept that pMDI delivery of NPs is a viable means of targeting the olfactory region for nose-to-brain drug delivery (NTBDD). The cell-based model allows not only maintenance under ALI culture conditions but also sampling from the basal chamber compartment; hence, this model could be adapted to assess drug deposition, uptake, and transport kinetics in parallel under real-life settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Maaz
- Department
of Life Sciences, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, and Centre for Bioengineering
& Biomedical Technologies, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Ian S. Blagbrough
- Department
of Life Sciences, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, and Centre for Bioengineering
& Biomedical Technologies, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Paul A. De Bank
- Department
of Life Sciences, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, and Centre for Bioengineering
& Biomedical Technologies, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
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4
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Zhang Y, Liu L, Wang T, Mao C, Shan P, Lau CS, Li Z, Guo W, Wang W. Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Polymeric Prodrug Nanoparticles for Selective and Effective Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301394. [PMID: 37540810 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to manage inflammatory diseases using traditional anti-inflammatory drugs due to their limited efficacy and systemic side effects, which are a result of their lack of selectivity, poor stability, and low solubility. Herein, it reports the development of a novel nanoparticle system, called ROS-CA-NPs, which is formed using polymer-cinnamaldehyde (CA) conjugates and is responsive to reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-CA-NPs exhibit excellent drug stability, tissue selectivity, and controlled drug release upon oxidative stress activation. Using mouse models of chronic rheumatoid arthritis and acute ulcerative colitis, this study demonstrates that the systemic administration of ROS-CA-NPs results in their accumulation at inflamed lesions and leads to greater therapeutic efficacy compared to traditional drugs. Furthermore, ROS-CA-NPs present excellent biocompatibility. The findings suggest that ROS-CA-NPs have the potential to be developed as safe and effective nanotherapeutic agents for a broad range of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre & Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre & Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre & Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cong Mao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Pengfei Shan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Chak Sing Lau
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre & Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Dorost P, García-Alvarez M, Martínez de Ilarduya A. Hydrophobic Modification of Poly(γ-glutamic acid) by Grafting 4-Phenyl-butyl Side Groups for the Encapsulation and Release of Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051377. [PMID: 37242619 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The delivery of drugs is a great challenge, since most of active pharmaceutical ingredients developed today are hydrophobic and poorly water soluble. From this perspective, drug encapsulation on biodegradable and biocompatible polymers can surpass this problem. Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGGA), a bioedible and biocompatible polymer has been chosen for this purpose. Carboxylic side groups of PGGA have been partially esterified with 4-phenyl-butyl bromide, producing a series of aliphatic-aromatic ester derivatives with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balances. Using nanoprecipitation or emulsion/evaporation methods, these copolymers were self-assembled in a water solution, forming nanoparticles with average diameters between 89 and 374 nm and zeta potential values between -13.1 and -49.5 mV. The hydrophobic core containing 4-phenyl-butyl side groups was used for the encapsulation of an anticancer drug, such as Doxorubicin (DOX). The highest encapsulation efficiency was reached for a copolymer derived from PGGA, with a 46 mol% degree of esterification. Drug release studies carried out for 5 days at different pHs (4.2 and 7.4) indicated that DOX was released faster at pH 4.2, revealing the potential of these nanoparticles as chemotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porochista Dorost
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat García-Alvarez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antxon Martínez de Ilarduya
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Mohanan S, Guan X, Liang M, Karakoti A, Vinu A. Stimuli-Responsive Silica Silanol Conjugates: Strategic Nanoarchitectonics in Targeted Drug Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301113. [PMID: 36967548 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The design of novel drug delivery systems is exceptionally critical in disease treatments. Among the existing drug delivery systems, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have shown profuse promise owing to their structural stability, tunable morphologies/sizes, and ability to load different payload chemistry. Significantly, the presence of surface silanol groups enables functionalization with relevant drugs, imaging, and targeting agents, promoting their utility and popularity among researchers. Stimuli-responsive silanol conjugates have been developed as a novel, more effective way to conjugate, deliver, and release therapeutic drugs on demand and precisely to the selected location. Therefore, it is urgent to summarize the current understanding and the surface silanols' role in making MSN a versatile drug delivery platform. This review provides an analytical understanding of the surface silanols, chemistry, identification methods, and their property-performance correlation. The chemistry involved in converting surface silanols to a stimuli-responsive silica delivery system by endogenous/exogenous stimuli, including pH, redox potential, temperature, and hypoxia, is discussed in depth. Different chemistries for converting surface silanols to stimuli-responsive bonds are discussed in the context of drug delivery. The critical discussion is culminated by outlining the challenges in identifying silanols' role and overcoming the limitations in synthesizing stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Mohanan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajay Karakoti
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
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7
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Pang L, Zhang L, Zhou H, Cao L, Shao Y, Li T. Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Nanococktail With Self-Amplificated Drug Release for Efficient Co-Delivery of Paclitaxel/Cucurbitacin B and Synergistic Treatment of Gastric Cancer. Front Chem 2022; 10:844426. [PMID: 35308794 PMCID: PMC8931329 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.844426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of drug combinations is a powerful strategy for the therapy of advanced gastric cancer. However, the clinical use of such combinations is greatly limited by the occurrence of severe systemic toxicity. Although polymeric-prodrug-based nanococktails can significantly reduce toxicity of drugs, they have been shown to have low intracellular drug release. To balance between efficacy and safety during application of polymeric-prodrug-based nanococktails, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanococktail (PCM) with self-amplification drug release was developed in this study. In summary, PCM micelles were co-assembled from ROS-sensitive cucurbitacin B (CuB) and paclitaxel (PTX) polymeric prodrug, which were fabricated by covalently grafting PTX and CuB to dextran via an ROS-sensitive linkage. To minimize the side effects of the PCM micelles, a polymeric-prodrug strategy was employed to prevent premature leakage. Once it entered cancer cells, PCM released CuB and PTX in response to ROS. Moreover, the released CuB further promoted ROS generation, which in turn enhanced drug release for better therapeutic effects. In vivo antitumor experiments showed that the PCM-treated group had lower tumor burden (tumor weight was reduced by 92%), but bodyweight loss was not significant. These results indicate that the developed polymeric prodrug, with a self-amplification drug release nanococktail strategy, can be an effective and safe strategy for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Pang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueqin Shao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tengyun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tengyun Li,
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8
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Liu Y, Xie L, Gao M, Zhang R, Gao J, Sun J, Chai Q, Wu T, Liang K, Chen P, Wan Q, Kong B. Super-Assembled Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Frameworks for Real-Time Hypoxia-Triggered Drug Release and Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50246-50257. [PMID: 34637262 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, induced by inadequate oxygen supply, is a key indication of various major illnesses, which necessitates the need to develop new nanoprobes capable of sensing hypoxia environments for the targeted system monitoring and drug delivery. Herein, we report a hypoxia-responsive, periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) nanocarrier for repairing hypoxia damage. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) capped azobenzene functionalization on the PMO surface could be effectively cleaved by azoreductase under a hypoxia environment. Moreover, the nanosystem is equipped with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair (tetrastyrene derivative (TPE) covalently attached to the PMO framework as the donor and Rhodamine B (RhB) in the mesopores as the receptor) for intracellular visualization and tracking of drug release in real-time. The design of intelligent nanocarriers capable of simultaneous reporting and treating of hypoxia conditions highlights a great potential in the biomedical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Liu
- Institute of Advanced Cross-field Science, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- National Supercomputer Research Center of Advanced Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Runhao Zhang
- National Supercomputer Research Center of Advanced Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jingchen Gao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jiangdong Sun
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Qingdong Chai
- Institute of Advanced Cross-field Science, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Biao Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Oseltamivir phosphate loaded pegylated-Eudragit nanoparticles for lung cancer therapy: Characterization, prolonged release, cytotoxicity profile, apoptosis pathways and in vivo anti-angiogenic effect by using CAM assay. Microvasc Res 2021; 139:104251. [PMID: 34520775 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The target of the current investigation was the delivery of oseltamivir phosphate (OSE) into the lung adenocarcinoma tissues by means of designing nanosized, non-toxic and biocompatible pegylated Eudragit based NPs and investigating their anticancer and antiangiogenic activity. The rationale for this strategy is to provide a novel perspective to cancer treatment with OSE loaded pegylated ERS NPs under favor of smaller particle size, biocompatible feature, cationic characteristic, examining their selective effectiveness on lung cell lines (A549 lung cancer cell line and CCD-19Lu normal cell line) and examining antiangiogenic activity by in vivo CAM analysis. For this purpose, OSE encapsulated pegylated ERS based NPs were developed and investigated for zeta potential, particle size, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, DSC, FT-IR, 1H NMR analyses. In vitro release, cytotoxicity, determination apoptotic pathways and in vivo CAM assay were carried out. Considering characterizations, NPs showed smaller particle size, cationic zeta potential, relatively higher EE%, nearly spherical shape, amorphous matrix formation and prolonged release pattern (Peppas-Sahlin and Weibull model with Fickian and non-Fickian release mechanisms). Flow cytometry was used to assess the apoptotic pathways using the Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay, FITC Active Caspase-3 staining assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential detection tests. Activations on caspase-3 pathways made us think that OSE loaded pegylated ERS NPs triggered to apoptosis using intrinsic pathway. As regards to the in vivo studies, OSE loaded pegylated ERS based NPs demonstrated strong and moderate antiangiogenic activity for ERS-OSE 2 and ERS-OSE 3, respectively. With its cationic character, smaller particle size, relative superior EE%, homogenous amorphous polymeric matrix constitution indicated using solid state tests, prolonged release manner, highly selective to the human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, could trigger apoptosis intrinsically and effectively, possess good in vivo antiangiogenic activity, ERS-OSE 2 formulation is chosen as a promising candidate and a potent drug delivery system to treat lung cancer.
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10
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Xiao Z, You Y, Liu Y, He L, Zhang D, Cheng Q, Wang D, Chen T, Shi C, Luo L. NIR-Triggered Blasting Nanovesicles for Targeted Multimodal Image-Guided Synergistic Cancer Photothermal and Chemotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35376-35388. [PMID: 34313109 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Escorting therapeutics for malignancies by nano-encapsulation to ameliorate treatment effects and mitigate side effects has been pursued in precision medicine. However, the majority of drug delivery systems suffer from uncontrollable drug release kinetics and thus lead to unsatisfactory triggered-release efficiency along with severe side effects. Herein, we developed a unique nanovesicle delivery system that shows near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered drug release behavior and minimal premature drug release. By co-encapsulation of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, the ultrasound contrast agent perfluorohexane (PFH), and cisplatin in a silicate-polyaniline vesicle, we achieved the controllable release of cisplatin in a thermal-responsive manner. Specifically, vaporization of PFH triggered by the heat generated from NIR irradiation imparts high inner vesicle pressure on the nanovesicles, leading to pressure-induced nanovesicle collapse and subsequent cisplatin release. Moreover, the multimodal imaging capability can track tumor engagement of the nanovesicles and assess their therapeutic effects. Due to its precise inherent NIR-triggered drug release, our system shows excellent tumor eradication efficacy and biocompatibility in vivo, empowering it with great prospects for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan You
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yiyong Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lizhen He
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Cheng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Changzheng Shi
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Liangping Luo
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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11
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Tefas LR, Barbălată C, Tefas C, Tomuță I. Salinomycin-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Overcoming the Hurdles in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081120. [PMID: 34452081 PMCID: PMC8401311 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are reportedly responsible for the initiation and propagation of cancer. Since CSCs are highly resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy, they are considered the main cause of cancer relapse and metastasis. Salinomycin (Sali), an anticoccidial polyether antibiotic, has emerged as a promising new candidate for cancer therapy, with selective cytotoxicity against CSCs in various malignancies. Nanotechnology provides an efficient means of delivering Sali to tumors in view of reducing collateral damage to healthy tissues and enhancing the therapeutic outcome. This review offers an insight into the most recent advances in cancer therapy using Sali-based nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ruxandra Tefas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.R.T.); (C.B.); (I.T.)
| | - Cristina Barbălată
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.R.T.); (C.B.); (I.T.)
| | - Cristian Tefas
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 19–21 Croitorilor Street, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-740836136
| | - Ioan Tomuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.R.T.); (C.B.); (I.T.)
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12
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Sun Y, Davis E. Nanoplatforms for Targeted Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery: A Review of Platform Materials and Stimuli-Responsive Release and Targeting Mechanisms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:746. [PMID: 33809633 PMCID: PMC8000772 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To achieve the promise of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer, they should (1) avoid premature clearance; (2) accumulate in tumors and undergo endocytosis by cancer cells; and (3) exhibit appropriate stimuli-responsive release of the payload. It is challenging to address all of these requirements simultaneously. However, the numerous proof-of-concept studies addressing one or more of these requirements reported every year have dramatically expanded the toolbox available for the design of drug delivery systems. This review highlights recent advances in the targeting and stimuli-responsiveness of drug delivery systems. It begins with a discussion of nanocarrier types and an overview of the factors influencing nanocarrier biodistribution. On-demand release strategies and their application to each type of nanocarrier are reviewed, including both endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Recent developments in stimuli-responsive targeting strategies are also discussed. The remaining challenges and prospective solutions in the field are discussed throughout the review, which is intended to assist researchers in overcoming interdisciplinary knowledge barriers and increase the speed of development. This review presents a nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems toolbox that enables the application of techniques across platforms and inspires researchers with interdisciplinary information to boost the development of multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatforms for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Davis
- Materials Engineering Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Auburn University, 101 Wilmore Drive, Auburn, AL 36830, USA;
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Yurtdaş-Kırımlıoğlu G, Görgülü Ş. Surface modification of PLGA nanoparticles with chitosan or Eudragit® RS 100: Characterization, prolonged release, cytotoxicity, and enhanced antimicrobial activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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van Eerden RAG, Mathijssen RHJ, Koolen SLW. Recent Clinical Developments of Nanomediated Drug Delivery Systems of Taxanes for the Treatment of Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8151-8166. [PMID: 33132699 PMCID: PMC7592152 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s272529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional taxanes are used as cornerstone of the chemotherapeutical treatment for a variety of malignancies. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients do not benefit from their treatment while they do suffer from severe adverse events related to the solvent or to the active compound. Cremophor EL and polysorbate 80 free formulations, conjugates, oral formulations and different types of drug delivery systems are some examples of the several attempts to improve the treatment with taxanes. In this review article, we discuss recent clinical developments of nanomediated drug delivery systems of taxanes for the treatment of cancer. Targeting mechanisms of drug delivery systems and characteristics of the most commonly used taxane-containing drug delivery systems in the clinical setting will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben A G van Eerden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stijn L W Koolen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Siboro SA, Salma SA, Kim HR, Jeong YT, Gal YS, Lim KT. Diselenide Core Cross-Linked Micelles of Poly(Ethylene Oxide)- b-Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate) Prepared through Alkyne-Azide Click Chemistry as a Near-Infrared Controlled Drug Delivery System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2846. [PMID: 32630421 PMCID: PMC7344481 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a drug delivery system with a near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive feature was successfully prepared using a block copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-azide (PEO-b-PGMA-N3) and a cross-linker containing a Se-Se bond through "click" chemistry. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into the core-cross-linked (CCL) micelles of the block copolymer along with indocyanine green (ICG) as a generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS). During NIR light exposure, ROS were generated by ICG and attacked the Se-Se bond of the cross-linker, leading to de-crosslinking of the CCL micelles. After NIR irradiation, the CCL micelles were continuously disrupted, which can be a good indication for effective drug release. Photothermal analysis showed that the temperature elevation during NIR exposure was negligible, thus safe for normal cells. In vitro drug release tests demonstrated that the drug release from diselenide CCL micelles could be controlled by NIR irradiation and affected by the acidity of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonita A.P. Siboro
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (S.A.P.S.); (S.A.S.); (Y.T.J.)
| | - Sabrina Aufar Salma
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (S.A.P.S.); (S.A.S.); (Y.T.J.)
| | - Hyeung-Rak Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Yeon Tae Jeong
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (S.A.P.S.); (S.A.S.); (Y.T.J.)
| | - Yeong-Soon Gal
- Department of Fire Safety, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 34828, Korea;
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (S.A.P.S.); (S.A.S.); (Y.T.J.)
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Novel strategy for encapsulation and targeted delivery of poorly water‐soluble active substances. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Injectable hydrogel delivering bone morphogenetic protein-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and adipose-derived stem cells for vascularized bone tissue engineering. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Atrafi F, van Eerden RA, van Hylckama Vlieg MA, Oomen-de Hoop E, de Bruijn P, Lolkema MP, Moelker A, Rijcken CJ, Hanssen R, Sparreboom A, Eskens FA, Mathijssen RH, Koolen SL. Intratumoral Comparison of Nanoparticle Entrapped Docetaxel (CPC634) with Conventional Docetaxel in Patients with Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3537-3545. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Yan Q, Guo X, Huang X, Meng X, Liu F, Dai P, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Gated Mesoporous Silica Nanocarriers for Hypoxia-Responsive Cargo Release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:24377-24385. [PMID: 31195793 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanocarriers (MSNs) are appealing in terms of their large cavity surface area and high loading capacity, but they have been suffering from premature cargo release. Herein, we report a gated smart MSN that is sensitive to low oxygen concentration (i.e., hypoxia) via taking advantage of the superior electron-accepting ability of the azobenzene moiety. The azobenzene polymer was employed as the responsive gate-keeper that was deposited on the MSN surface, followed by coating with amphiphilic Pluronic F68 for steric stabilization. The obtained nanocarriers were less than 200 nm. The in vitro polymer degradation was spectrophotometrically witnessed via the employment of a reducing agent, namely, sodium dithionite, with a strong electron-donating ability. The hypoxia-responsive cargo release from the gated MSN was quantitatively demonstrated in breast cancer cells (MCF-7) using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique where coumarin 6 and rhodamine B was selected as the FRET donor and acceptor, respectively. The FRET ratio was used as the index and decreased linearly over time under hypoxia, whereas it almost remained steady under normoxia. In addition, a model photosensitizer, namely, chlorin e6, was also loaded in the gated MSN whose toxicity under hypoxia was verified. This study developed a hypoxia-responsive MSN with the azobenzene polymer as the removable gate-keeper, which would expand the application of MSNs in pharmaceutical and biomedical areas since the low oxygen concentration is a unique trigger in many pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xuliang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xuan Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Peipei Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
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Wang T, Zhang C, Zhong W, Yang X, Wang A, Liang R. Modification of Three-Phase Drug Release Mode of Octreotide PLGA Microspheres by Microsphere-Gel Composite System. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:228. [PMID: 31227940 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain sustained release of biodegradable microspheres, the purpose of this study was to design and characterize an injectable octreotide microsphere-gel composite system. The octreotide microspheres were prepared by phase separation method, which used PLGA as a carrier material, dimethyl silicone oil as a phase separation reagent, and n-heptane-Span 80 as a hardener. In addition, we used poloxamer 407 (PL 407) and poloxamer 188 (PL 188) as the thermosensitive gel matrix material. The composite system was obtained by scattering octreotide microspheres in a poloxamer gel. In vitro data showed that the release time of the composite system could last for about 50 days. Because of the blocking and control actions of the poloxamer gel, the initial burst release was significantly reduced and the plateau phase was eliminated. Pharmacokinetic data showed that the burst release of the composite system was significantly less than that of the microspheres, i.e., Cmax1 was reduced by about half. From day 2 to day 50, higher plasma concentration levels and more stable drug release behavior were exhibited. In addition, the good biocompatibility of the composite system in vivo was also demonstrated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Therefore, the octreotide microsphere-gel composite system will be a new direction for hydrophilic polypeptide/protein-loaded sustained release dosage forms with high pharmacological activity.
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21
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Lu B, Lv X, Le Y. Chitosan-Modified PLGA Nanoparticles for Control-Released Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E304. [PMID: 30960288 PMCID: PMC6419218 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) are well recognized as an ideal drug delivery carrier for their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In order to overcome the disadvantage of drug burst release, chitosan (CS) was used to modify the PLGA nanoparticles. In this work, CS-PLGA nanoparticles with different ratio of CS to PLGA were prepared using high-gravity rotating packed bed (RPB). With the increase of amount of CS, the particle size increased from 132.8 ± 1.5 nm to 172.7 ± 3.2 nm, zeta potential increased from -20.8 ± 1.1 mV to 25.6 ± 0.6 mV, and drug encapsulation efficiency increased from 65.8% to 87.1%. The initial burst release of PLGA NPs reduced after being modified by CS, and the cumulative release was 66.9%, 41.9%, 23.8%, and 14.3%, after 2 h, respectively. The drug release of CS-modified PLGA NPs was faster at pH5.5 than that at pH 7.4. The cellular uptake of CS-modified PLGA NPs increased compared with PLGA NPs, while cell viability was reduced. In conclusion, these results indicated that CS-modified, PTX-loaded PLGA NPs have the advantages of sustained drug release and enhanced drug toxicity, suggesting that CS-modified NPs can be used as carriers of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xikun Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yuan Le
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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