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Nikitin N, Vasiliev Y, Kovalenko A, Ryabchevskaya E, Kondakova O, Evtushenko E, Karpova O. Plant Viruses as Adjuvants for Next-Generation Vaccines and Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1372. [PMID: 37631940 PMCID: PMC10458565 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the cornerstone of infectious disease control and prevention. The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has confirmed the urgent need for a new approach to the design of novel vaccines. Plant viruses and their derivatives are being used increasingly for the development of new medical and biotechnological applications, and this is reflected in a number of preclinical and clinical studies. Plant viruses have a unique combination of features (biosafety, low reactogenicity, inexpensiveness and ease of production, etc.), which determine their potential. This review presents the latest data on the use of plant viruses with different types of symmetry as vaccine components and adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy. The discussion concludes that the most promising approaches might be those that use structurally modified plant viruses (spherical particles) obtained from the Tobacco mosaic virus. These particles combine high adsorption properties (as a carrier) with strong immunogenicity, as has been confirmed using various antigens in animal models. According to current research, it is evident that plant viruses have great potential for application in the development of vaccines and in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Nikitin
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | | | - Angelina Kovalenko
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Ryabchevskaya
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Olga Kondakova
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Evtushenko
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Olga Karpova
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
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Zhu H, Li X, Ren X, Chen H, Qian P. Improving cross-protection against influenza virus in mice using a nanoparticle vaccine of mini-HA. Vaccine 2022; 40:6352-6361. [PMID: 36175214 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of mini-hemagglutinin (mini-HA) proteins expressed on lumazine synthase (LS) nanoparticles against influenza. Soluble mini-HA proteins were assembled with LS proteins via SpyTag/SpyCatcher in vitro. The size of mini-HA-LS nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the effect of mini-HA-LS nano-vaccines was explored in mice. The results indicate that the diameter of mini-HA-LS nanoparticles was approximately 60-80 nm. The nanoparticles could induce stronger humoral and cellular immune responses and produce cross-clade protection against influenza in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xujiao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Olivera-Ugarte SM, Bolduc M, Laliberté-Gagné MÈ, Blanchette LJ, Garneau C, Fillion M, Savard P, Dubuc I, Flamand L, Farnòs O, Xu X, Kamen A, Gilbert M, Rabezanahary H, Scarrone M, Couture C, Baz M, Leclerc D. A nanoparticle-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate elicits broad neutralizing antibodies and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection. NANOMEDICINE: NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022; 44:102584. [PMID: 35850421 PMCID: PMC9287509 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A vaccine candidate to SARS-CoV-2 was constructed by coupling the viral receptor binding domain (RBD) to the surface of the papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) nanoparticle (nano) to generate the RBD-PapMV vaccine. Immunization of mice with the coupled RBD-PapMV vaccine enhanced the antibody titers and the T-cell mediated immune response directed to the RBD antigen as compared to immunization with the non-coupled vaccine formulation (RBD + PapMV nano). Anti-RBD antibodies, generated in vaccinated animals, neutralized SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro against the ancestral, Delta and the Omicron variants. At last, immunization of mice susceptible to the infection by SARS-CoV-2 (K18-hACE2 transgenic mice) with the RBD-PapMV vaccine induced protection to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 infectious challenge. The induction of the broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants induced by the RBD-PapMV vaccine demonstrate the potential of the PapMV vaccine platform in the development of efficient vaccines against viral respiratory infections.
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Mittal D, Ali SA. Use of Nanomaterials for Diagnosis and Treatment: The Advancement of Next-Generation Antiviral Therapy. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:670-697. [PMID: 35696335 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, viral illness propagation is the leading cause of morbidity and death, causing wreaking havoc on socioeconomic development and health care systems. The rise of infected individuals has outpaced the existing critical care facilities. Early and sophisticated methods are desperately required in this respect to halt the spread of the infection. Therefore, early detection of infectious agents and an early treatment approach may help minimize viral outbreaks. Conventional point-of-care diagnostic techniques such as computed tomography scan, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), X-ray, and immunoassay are still deemed valuable. However, the labor demanding, low sensitivity, and complex infrastructure needed for these methods preclude their use in distant areas. Nanotechnology has emerged as a potentially transformative technology due to its promise as an effective theranostic platform for diagnosing and treating viral infection, circumventing the limits of traditional techniques. Their unique physical and chemical characteristics make nanoparticles (NPs) advantageous for drug delivery platforms due to their size, encapsulation efficiency, improved bioavailability, effectiveness, immunogenicity, and antiviral response. This study discusses the recent research on nanotechnology-based treatments designed to combat new viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Mittal
- Nanosafety Lab, Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Rivera-Patron M, Cibulski SP, Miraballes I, Silveira F. Formulation of IMXQB: Nanoparticles Based on Quillaja brasiliensis Saponins to be Used as Vaccine Adjuvants. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2469:183-191. [PMID: 35508839 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2185-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are essential components of subunit, recombinant, nonreplicating and killed vaccines, as they are substances that boost, shape, and/or enhance the immune response triggered by vaccination. Saponins obtained from the Chilean Q. saponaria tree are used as vaccine adjuvants in commercial vaccines, although they are scarce and difficult to obtain. In addition, tree felling is needed during its extraction, which has ecological impact. Q. brasiliensis leaf-extracted saponins arise as a more sustainable alternative, although its use is still limited to preclinical studies. Despite the remarkable immunostimulating properties of saponins, they are toxic to mammalian cells, due to their intrinsic characteristics. For these reasons they are mostly used in veterinary vaccines, although recently the Q. saponaria purified saponin QS-21 has been included in adjuvant systems for human vaccines, such as Mosquirix and Shingrix (GSK). In order to abrogate the toxicity of the saponins fractions, they can be formulated as immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs). ISCOM-matrices are cage-like nanoparticles of approximately 40 nm, formulated combining saponins and lipids, without antigen, and are great adjuvants able to promote Th1-biased immune responses in a safe manner. Herein we describe how to formulate ISCOM-matrices nanoparticles using Q. brasiliensis purified saponin fractions (IMXQB) by the dialysis method. In addition, we indicate how to verify the appropriate size and homogeneity of the formulated nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rivera-Patron
- Department of Biotechnological Development, Hygiene Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Samuel P Cibulski
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology-CBiotec, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Iris Miraballes
- Clinical Immunology-BIOCLIN Dept., Biotechnology Laboratory, Technological Pole Institute of Pando, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Silveira
- Department of Biotechnological Development, Hygiene Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Mohammadzadeh R, Soleimanpour S, Pishdadian A, Farsiani H. Designing and development of epitope-based vaccines against Helicobacter pylori. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:489-512. [PMID: 34559599 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1979934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the principal cause of serious diseases (e.g. gastric cancer and peptic ulcers). Antibiotic therapy is an inadequate strategy in H. pylori eradication because of which vaccination is an inevitable approach. Despite the presence of countless vaccine candidates, current vaccines in clinical trials have performed with poor efficacy which makes vaccination extremely challenging. Remarkable advancements in immunology and pathogenic biology have provided an appropriate opportunity to develop various epitope-based vaccines. The fusion of proper antigens involved in different aspects of H. pylori colonization and pathogenesis as well as peptide linkers and built-in adjuvants results in producing epitope-based vaccines with excellent therapeutic efficacy and negligible adverse effects. Difficulties of the in vitro culture of H. pylori, high genetic variation, and unfavourable immune responses against feeble epitopes in the complete antigen are major drawbacks of current vaccine strategies that epitope-based vaccines may overcome. Besides decreasing the biohazard risk, designing precise formulations, saving time and cost, and induction of maximum immunity with minimum adverse effects are the advantages of epitope-based vaccines. The present article is a comprehensive review of strategies for designing and developing epitope-based vaccines to provide insights into the innovative vaccination against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Mohammadzadeh
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Reference Tuberculosis Laboratory, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Pishdadian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hadi Farsiani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lim J, Cheong Y, Kim YS, Chae W, Hwang BJ, Lee J, Jang YH, Roh YH, Seo SU, Seong BL. RNA-dependent assembly of chimeric antigen nanoparticles as an efficient H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccine platform. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 37:102438. [PMID: 34256061 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) pose a significant threat to human health, with high mortality rates, and require effective vaccines. We showed that, harnessed with novel RNA-mediated chaperone function, hemagglutinin (HA) of H5N1 HPAIV could be displayed as an immunologically relevant conformation on self-assembled chimeric nanoparticles (cNP). A tri-partite monomeric antigen was designed including: i) an RNA-interaction domain (RID) as a docking tag for RNA to enable chaperna function (chaperna: chaperone + RNA), ii) globular head domain (gd) of HA as a target antigen, and iii) ferritin as a scaffold for 24 mer-assembly. The immunization of mice with the nanoparticles (~46 nm) induced a 25-30 fold higher neutralizing capacity of the antibody and provided cross-protection from homologous and heterologous lethal challenges. This study suggests that cNP assembly is conducive to eliciting antibodies against the conserved region in HA, providing potent and broad protective efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- Birds/virology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza Vaccines/chemistry
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Influenza in Birds/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/prevention & control
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Mice
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Nanoparticles/therapeutic use
- Pandemics
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/immunology
- RNA/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkwan Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yucheol Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonil Chae
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jeung Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Vaccine Innovative Technology Alliance-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Venkataraman S, Hefferon K, Makhzoum A, Abouhaidar M. Combating Human Viral Diseases: Will Plant-Based Vaccines Be the Answer? Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070761. [PMID: 34358177 PMCID: PMC8310141 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular pharming or the technology of application of plants and plant cell culture to manufacture high-value recombinant proteins has progressed a long way over the last three decades. Whether generated in transgenic plants by stable expression or in plant virus-based transient expression systems, biopharmaceuticals have been produced to combat several human viral diseases that have impacted the world in pandemic proportions. Plants have been variously employed in expressing a host of viral antigens as well as monoclonal antibodies. Many of these biopharmaceuticals have shown great promise in animal models and several of them have performed successfully in clinical trials. The current review elaborates the strategies and successes achieved in generating plant-derived vaccines to target several virus-induced health concerns including highly communicable infectious viral diseases. Importantly, plant-made biopharmaceuticals against hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), the cancer-causing virus human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus, zika virus, and the emerging respiratory virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been discussed. The use of plant virus-derived nanoparticles (VNPs) and virus-like particles (VLPs) in generating plant-based vaccines are extensively addressed. The review closes with a critical look at the caveats of plant-based molecular pharming and future prospects towards further advancements in this technology. The use of biopharmed viral vaccines in human medicine and as part of emergency response vaccines and therapeutics in humans looks promising for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Venkataraman
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; (K.H.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; (K.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Abdullah Makhzoum
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana;
| | - Mounir Abouhaidar
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; (K.H.); (M.A.)
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Butkovich N, Li E, Ramirez A, Burkhardt AM, Wang SW. Advancements in protein nanoparticle vaccine platforms to combat infectious disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1681. [PMID: 33164326 PMCID: PMC8052270 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major threat to global human health, yet prophylactic treatment options can be limited, as safe and efficacious vaccines exist only for a fraction of all diseases. Notably, devastating diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) currently do not have vaccine therapies. Conventional vaccine platforms, such as live attenuated vaccines and whole inactivated vaccines, can be difficult to manufacture, may cause severe side effects, and can potentially induce severe infection. Subunit vaccines carry far fewer safety concerns due to their inability to cause vaccine-based infections. The applicability of protein nanoparticles (NPs) as vaccine scaffolds is promising to prevent infectious diseases, and they have been explored for a number of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases. Many types of protein NPs exist, including self-assembling NPs, bacteriophage-derived NPs, plant virus-derived NPs, and human virus-based vectors, and these particular categories will be covered in this review. These vaccines can elicit strong humoral and cellular immune responses against specific pathogens, as well as provide protection against infection in a number of animal models. Furthermore, published clinical trials demonstrate the promise of applying these NP vaccine platforms, which include bacteriophage-derived NPs, in addition to multiple viral vectors that are currently used in the clinic. The continued investigations of protein NP vaccine platforms are critical to generate safer alternatives to current vaccines, advance vaccines for diseases that currently lack effective prophylactic therapies, and prepare for the rapid development of new vaccines against emerging infectious diseases. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Butkovich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Enya Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Aaron Ramirez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Amanda M. Burkhardt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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Tortella GR, Rubilar O, Diez MC, Padrão J, Zille A, Pieretti JC, Seabra AB. Advanced Material Against Human (Including Covid-19) and Plant Viruses: Nanoparticles As a Feasible Strategy. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2021; 5:2000049. [PMID: 33614127 PMCID: PMC7883180 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak revealed that these nano-pathogens have the ability to rapidly change lives. Undoubtedly, SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viruses can cause important global impacts, affecting public health, as well as, socioeconomic development. But viruses are not only a public health concern, they are also a problem in agriculture. The current treatments are often ineffective, are prone to develop resistance, or cause considerable adverse side effects. The use of nanotechnology has played an important role to combat viral diseases. In this review three main aspects are in focus: first, the potential use of nanoparticles as carriers for drug delivery. Second, its use for treatments of some human viral diseases, and third, its application as antivirals in plants. With these three themes, the aim is to give to readers an overview of the progress in this promising area of biotechnology during the 2017-2020 period, and to provide a glance at how tangible is the effectiveness of nanotechnology against viruses. Future prospects are also discussed. It is hoped that this review can be a contribution to general knowledge for both specialized and non-specialized readers, allowing a better knowledge of this interesting topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo R. Tortella
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio AmbienteCIBAMA‐BIORENUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco4811230Chile
| | - Olga Rubilar
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio AmbienteCIBAMA‐BIORENUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco4811230Chile
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco4811230Chile
| | - María Cristina Diez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio AmbienteCIBAMA‐BIORENUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco4811230Chile
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco4811230Chile
| | - Jorge Padrão
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T)University of MinhoGuimarães4800‐058Portugal
| | - Andrea Zille
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T)University of MinhoGuimarães4800‐058Portugal
| | - Joana C. Pieretti
- Center for Natural and Human SciencesUniversidade Federal d ABC (UFABC)Santo André09210‐580Brazil
| | - Amedea B. Seabra
- Center for Natural and Human SciencesUniversidade Federal d ABC (UFABC)Santo André09210‐580Brazil
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Modulation of Antigen Display on PapMV Nanoparticles Influences Its Immunogenicity. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010033. [PMID: 33435570 PMCID: PMC7829862 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) vaccine platform is a rod-shaped nanoparticle made of the recombinant PapMV coat protein (CP) self-assembled around a noncoding single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) template. The PapMV nanoparticle induces innate immunity through stimulation of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8. The display of the vaccine antigen at the surface of the nanoparticle, associated with the co-stimulation signal via TLR7/8, ensures a strong stimulation of the immune response, which is ideal for the development of candidate vaccines. In this study, we assess the impact of where the peptide antigen is fused, whether at the surface or at the extremities of the nanoparticles, on the immune response directed to that antigen. Methods: Two different peptides from influenza A virus were used as model antigens. The conserved M2e peptide, derived from the matrix protein 2 was chosen as the B-cell epitope, and a peptide derived from the nucleocapsid was chosen as the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitope. These peptides were coupled at two different positions on the PapMV CP, the N- (PapMV-N) or the C-terminus (PapMV-C), using the transpeptidase activity of Sortase A (SrtA). The immune responses, both humoral and CD8+ T-cell-mediated, directed to the peptide antigens in the two different fusion contexts were analyzed and compared. The impact of coupling density at the surface of the nanoparticle was also investigated. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that coupling of the peptide antigens at the N-terminus (PapMV-N) of the PapMV CP led to an enhanced immune response to the coupled peptide antigens as compared to coupling to the C-terminus. The difference between the two vaccine platforms is linked to the enhanced capacity of the PapMV-N vaccine platform to stimulate TLR7/8. We also demonstrated that the strength of the immune response increases with the density of coupling at the surface of the nanoparticles.
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McMillan CL, Young PR, Watterson D, Chappell KJ. The Next Generation of Influenza Vaccines: Towards a Universal Solution. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010026. [PMID: 33430278 PMCID: PMC7825669 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses remain a constant burden in humans, causing millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. Current influenza virus vaccine modalities primarily induce antibodies directed towards the highly variable head domain of the hemagglutinin protein on the virus surface. Such antibodies are often strain-specific, meaning limited cross-protection against divergent influenza viruses is induced, resulting in poor vaccine efficacy. To attempt to counteract this, yearly influenza vaccination with updated formulations containing antigens from more recently circulating viruses is required. This is an expensive and time-consuming exercise, and the constant arms race between host immunity and virus evolution presents an ongoing challenge for effective vaccine development. Furthermore, there exists the constant pandemic threat of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses with high fatality rates (~30–50%) or the emergence of new, pathogenic reassortants. Current vaccines would likely offer little to no protection from such viruses in the event of an epidemic or pandemic. This highlights the urgent need for improved influenza virus vaccines capable of providing long-lasting, robust protection from both seasonal influenza virus infections as well as potential pandemic threats. In this narrative review, we examine the next generation of influenza virus vaccines for human use and the steps being taken to achieve universal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L.D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.D.M.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Keith J. Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (C.L.D.M.); (K.J.C.)
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13
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Cardoso VMDO, Moreira BJ, Comparetti EJ, Sampaio I, Ferreira LMB, Lins PMP, Zucolotto V. Is Nanotechnology Helping in the Fight Against COVID-19? FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2020.588915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Farnós O, Venereo-Sánchez A, Xu X, Chan C, Dash S, Chaabane H, Sauvageau J, Brahimi F, Saragovi U, Leclerc D, Kamen AA. Rapid High-Yield Production of Functional SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain by Viral and Non-Viral Transient Expression for Pre-Clinical Evaluation. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040654. [PMID: 33158147 PMCID: PMC7712309 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine design strategies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are focused on the Spike protein or its subunits as the main antigen target of neutralizing antibodies. In this work, we propose rapid production methods of an extended segment of the Spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) in HEK293SF cells cultured in suspension, in serum-free media, as a major component of a COVID-19 subunit vaccine under development. The expression of RBD, engineered with a sortase-recognition motif for protein-based carrier coupling, was achieved at high yields by plasmid transient transfection or human type-5-adenoviral infection of the cells, in a period of only two and three weeks, respectively. Both production methods were evaluated in 3L-controlled bioreactors with upstream and downstream bioprocess improvements, resulting in a product recovery with over 95% purity. Adenoviral infection led to over 100 µg/mL of RBD in culture supernatants, which was around 7-fold higher than levels obtained in transfected cultures. The monosaccharide and sialic acid content was similar in the RBD protein from the two production approaches. It also exhibited a proper conformational structure as recognized by monoclonal antibodies directed against key native Spike epitopes. Efficient direct binding to ACE2 was also demonstrated at similar levels in RBD obtained from both methods and from different production lots. Overall, we provide bioprocess-related data for the rapid, scalable manufacturing of low cost RBD based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, with the added value of making a functional antigen available to support further research on uncovering mechanisms of virus binding and entry as well as screening for potential COVID-19 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Farnós
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (O.F.); (A.V.-S.); (X.X.); (C.C.); (S.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Alina Venereo-Sánchez
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (O.F.); (A.V.-S.); (X.X.); (C.C.); (S.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Xingge Xu
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (O.F.); (A.V.-S.); (X.X.); (C.C.); (S.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Cindy Chan
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (O.F.); (A.V.-S.); (X.X.); (C.C.); (S.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Shantoshini Dash
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (O.F.); (A.V.-S.); (X.X.); (C.C.); (S.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Hanan Chaabane
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (O.F.); (A.V.-S.); (X.X.); (C.C.); (S.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Janelle Sauvageau
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada;
| | - Fouad Brahimi
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (F.B.); (U.S.)
| | - Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (F.B.); (U.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Denis Leclerc
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (O.F.); (A.V.-S.); (X.X.); (C.C.); (S.D.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Lin Y, Schuphan J, Dickmeis C, Buhl EM, Commandeur U, Fischer H. Attachment of Ultralow Amount of Engineered Plant Viral Nanoparticles to Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Osteogenesis and Mineralization. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001245. [PMID: 32940006 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based materials are widely used to mimic the extracellular matrix in bone tissue engineering, although they often lack biofunctional cues. In the authors' previous work, Potato virus X (PVX), a flexible rod-shaped biocompatible plant virus nanoparticle (VNP) with 1270 coat protein subunits, is genetically modified to present functional peptides for generating a bone substitute. Here, PVX is engineered to present mineralization- and osteogenesis-associated peptides and laden in hydrogels at a concentration lower by two orders of magnitude. Its competence in mineralization is demonstrated both on 2D surfaces and in hydrogels and the superiority of enriched peptides on VNPs is verified and compared with free peptides and VNPs presenting fewer functional peptides. Alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin red staining of human mesenchymal stem cells increase 1.2-1.7 times when stimulate by VNPs. Engineered PVX adheres to cells, exhibiting a stimulation of biomimetic peptides in close proximity to the cells. The retention of VNPs in hydrogels is monitored and more than 80% of VNPs remain inside after several washing steps. The mechanical properties of VNP-laden hydrogels are investigated, including viscosity, gelling temperature, and compressive tangent modulus. This study demonstrates that recombinant PVX nanoparticles are excellent candidates for hydrogel nanocomposites in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Ying Lin
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research RWTH Aachen University Hospital Pauwelsstrasse 30 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Juliane Schuphan
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christina Dickmeis
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscopy Facility Institute of Pathology RWTH Aachen University Hospital Pauwelsstrasse 30 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research RWTH Aachen University Hospital Pauwelsstrasse 30 52074 Aachen Germany
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Laliberté-Gagné MÈ, Bolduc M, Thérien A, Garneau C, Casault P, Savard P, Estaquier J, Leclerc D. Increased Immunogenicity of Full-Length Protein Antigens through Sortase-Mediated Coupling on the PapMV Vaccine Platform. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7020049. [PMID: 31212772 PMCID: PMC6630801 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Flexuous rod-shape nanoparticles—made of the coat protein of papaya mosaic virus (PapMV)—provide a promising vaccine platform for the presentation of viral antigens to immune cells. The PapMV nanoparticles can be combined with viral antigens or covalently linked to them. The coupling to PapMV was shown to improve the immune response triggered against peptide antigens (<39 amino acids) but it remains to be tested if large proteins can be coupled to this platform and if the coupling will lead to an immune response improvement. Methods: Two full-length recombinant viral proteins, the influenza nucleoprotein (NP) and the simian immunodeficiency virus group-specific protein antigen (GAG) were coupled to PapMV nanoparticles using sortase A. Mice were immunized with the nanoparticles coupled to the antigens and the immune response directed to the antigens were analyzed by ELISA and ELISPOT. Results: We showed the feasibility of coupling two different full-length proteins (GAG and NP) to the nanoparticle. We also showed that the coupling to PapMV nanoparticles improved significantly the humoral and the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune response to the antigens. Conclusion: This proof of concept demonstrates the versatility and the efficacy of the PapMV vaccine platform in the design of vaccines against viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Laliberté-Gagné
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Marilène Bolduc
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Ariane Thérien
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Caroline Garneau
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Philippe Casault
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Pierre Savard
- Department of Neurosciences, faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Jérome Estaquier
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Denis Leclerc
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Lei Y, Zhao F, Shao J, Li Y, Li S, Chang H, Zhang Y. Application of built-in adjuvants for epitope-based vaccines. PeerJ 2019; 6:e6185. [PMID: 30656066 PMCID: PMC6336016 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that epitope vaccines exhibit substantial advantages over conventional vaccines. However, epitope vaccines are associated with limited immunity, which can be overcome by conjugating antigenic epitopes with built-in adjuvants (e.g., some carrier proteins or new biomaterials) with special properties, including immunologic specificity, good biosecurity and biocompatibility, and the ability to vastly improve the immune response of epitope vaccines. When designing epitope vaccines, the following types of built-in adjuvants are typically considered: (1) pattern recognition receptor ligands (i.e., toll-like receptors); (2) virus-like particle carrier platforms; (3) bacterial toxin proteins; and (4) novel potential delivery systems (e.g., self-assembled peptide nanoparticles, lipid core peptides, and polymeric or inorganic nanoparticles). This review primarily discusses the current and prospective applications of these built-in adjuvants (i.e., biological carriers) to provide some references for the future design of epitope-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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