1
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Song K, Pun SH. Design and Evaluation of Synthetic Delivery Formulations for Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccines. BME FRONTIERS 2024; 5:0038. [PMID: 38515636 PMCID: PMC10956738 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
With the recent advances in neoantigen identification, peptide-based cancer vaccines offer substantial potential in the field of immunotherapy. However, rapid clearance, low immunogenicity, and insufficient antigen-presenting cell (APC) uptake limit the efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines. This review explores the barriers hindering vaccine efficiency, highlights recent advancements in synthetic delivery systems, and features strategies for the key delivery steps of lymph node (LN) drainage, APC delivery, cross-presentation strategies, and adjuvant incorporation. This paper also discusses the design of preclinical studies evaluating vaccine efficiency, including vaccine administration routes and murine tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, USA
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, USA
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, USA
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2
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Liu C, Liu L. Identification and immunoassay of prognostic genes associated with the complement system in acute myeloid leukemia. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00057-3. [PMID: 38341328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have associated the development of pulmonary leukemia with the activation of the complement system. However, the roles and mechanisms of complement system-related genes (CSRGs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have not been investigated extensively. This study used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-AML and GSE37642 datasets. Differentially expressed CSRGs (CSRDEGs) were identified by overlapping genes differentially expressed between the high and low CSRG score groups and key module genes identified in a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses identified CSRG-related biomarkers, which were used to build a prognostic model. After gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune-related and drug-sensitivity analyses were performed in the high- and low-risk groups. Four prognosis-related biomarkers were identified and used to develop a prognostic model: MEOX2, IGFBP5, CH25H, and RAB3B. The model's performance was verified in a test cohort (a subset of samples from the TCGA-AML dataset) and a validation cohort (GSE37642). The GSEA revealed that the high-risk group was mainly enriched for Golgi organization and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, and the low-risk group was mainly enriched in the hedgehog signaling pathway and spliceosome. Lastly, two immune cells were found to show differential infiltration between risk groups, which correlated with the risk scores. M1 macrophage infiltration was significantly positively correlated with RAB3B expression. Sensitivity to 36 drugs differed significantly between risk groups. This study screened four CSRG-related biomarkers (MEOX2, IGFBP5, CH25H, and RAB3B) to provide a basis for predicting AML prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, ChongQing, 400016, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, ChongQing, 400016, China.
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3
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Pérez-Herrero E, Lanier OL, Krishnan N, D'Andrea A, Peppas NA. Drug delivery methods for cancer immunotherapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:30-61. [PMID: 37587290 PMCID: PMC10746770 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that numerous immunotherapy-based drugs have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of primary and metastatic tumors, only a small proportion of the population can benefit from them because of primary and acquired resistances. Moreover, the translation of immunotherapy from the bench to the clinical practice is being challenging because of the short half-lives of the involved molecules, the difficulties to accomplish their delivery to the target sites, and some serious adverse effects that are being associated with these approaches. The emergence of drug delivery vehicles in the field of immunotherapy is helping to overcome these difficulties and limitations and this review describes how, providing some illustrative examples. Moreover, this article provides an exhaustive review of the studies that have been published to date on the particular case of hematological cancers. (Created with BioRender).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pérez-Herrero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Olivia L Lanier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Neha Krishnan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Abby D'Andrea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery & Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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4
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Arabi A, Aria (Soltani) S, Maniaci B, Mann K, Martinson H, Kullberg M. Enhancing T Cell and Antibody Response in Mucin-1 Transgenic Mice through Co-Delivery of Tumor-Associated Mucin-1 Antigen and TLR Agonists in C3-Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2774. [PMID: 38140114 PMCID: PMC10747059 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin-1 (MUC1) is a highly relevant antigen for cancer vaccination due to its overexpression and hypo-glycosylation in a high percentage of carcinomas. To enhance the immune response to MUC1, our group has developed C3-liposomes that encapsulate the MUC1 antigen along with immunostimulatory compounds for direct delivery to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). C3-liposomes bind complement C3, which interacts with C3-receptors on APCs, resulting in liposomal uptake and the delivery of tumor antigens to APCs in a manner that mimics pathogenic uptake. In this study, MUC1 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists were encapsulated in C3-liposomes to provoke an immune response in transgenic mice tolerant to MUC1. The immune response to the C3-bound MUC1 liposomal vaccine was assessed by ELISA, ELISpot, and flow cytometry. Co-administering TLR 7/8 agonists with MUC1 encapsulated in C3-liposomes resulted in a significant antibody response compared to non-encapsulated MUC1. This antibody response was significantly higher in females than in males. The co-encapsulation of three TLR agonists with MUC1 in C3-liposomes significantly increased antibody responses and eliminated sex-based differences. Furthermore, this immunization strategy resulted in a significantly increased T cell-response compared to other treatment groups. In conclusion, the co-delivery of MUC1 and TLR agonists via C3-liposomes greatly enhances the immune response to MUC1, highlighting its potential for antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Arabi
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA; (A.A.); (S.A.); (B.M.); (H.M.)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1551 Jefferson St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Shahab Aria (Soltani)
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA; (A.A.); (S.A.); (B.M.); (H.M.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Brandon Maniaci
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA; (A.A.); (S.A.); (B.M.); (H.M.)
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kristine Mann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA;
| | - Holly Martinson
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA; (A.A.); (S.A.); (B.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Max Kullberg
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA; (A.A.); (S.A.); (B.M.); (H.M.)
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5
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Li ZZ, He JY, Wu Q, Liu B, Bu LL. Recent advances in targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their applications to radiotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 378:233-264. [PMID: 37438019 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of heterogenous immature myeloid cells with potent immune suppressive properties that not only constrain anti-tumor immune activation and functions, promote tumor progression, but also contribute to treatment resistance and tumor relapse. Targeting MDSCs may be a promising new cancer treatment method, but there is still a problem of low treatment efficiency. Combined application with radiotherapy may be a potential method to solve this problem. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) provide more efficient targeted drug delivery capability and can reduce the toxicity and side effects of drugs. Recent advance in DDSs targeting development, recruitment, differentiation, and elimination of MDSCs have shown promising effect in reversing immune inhibition and in overcoming radiotherapy resistance. In this review, we systematically summarized DDSs applied to target MDSCs for the first time, and classified and discussed it according to its different mechanisms of action. In addition, this paper also reviewed the biological characteristics of MDSCs and their role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Moreover, this review also summarizes the role of DDSs targeting MDSCs in radiosensitization. Finally, the future development of DDSs targeting MDSCs is also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Zhan Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing-Yu He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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6
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C3d(g), iron nanoparticles, hemin and cytochrome c may induce oxidative cytotoxicity in tumors and reduce tumor-associated myeloid cells-mediated immunosuppression. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Lv S, Song K, Yen A, Peeler DJ, Nguyen DC, Olshefsky A, Sylvestre M, Srinivasan S, Stayton PS, Pun SH. Well-Defined Mannosylated Polymer for Peptide Vaccine Delivery with Enhanced Antitumor Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101651. [PMID: 34706166 PMCID: PMC9043035 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based cancer vaccines offer production and safety advantages but have had limited clinical success due to their intrinsic instability, rapid clearance, and low cellular uptake. Nanoparticle-based delivery vehicles can improve the in vivo stability and cellular uptake of peptide antigens. Here, a well-defined, self-assembling mannosylated polymer is developed for anticancer peptide antigen delivery. The amphiphilic polymer is prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and the peptide antigens are conjugated to the pH-sensitive hydrophobic block through the reversible disulfide linkage for selective release after cell entry. The polymer-peptide conjugates self-assemble into sub-100 nm micelles at physiological pH and dissociate at endosomal pH. The mannosylated micellar corona increases the accumulation of vaccine cargoes in the draining inguinal lymph nodes and facilitates nanoparticle uptake by professional antigen presenting cells. In vivo studies demonstrate that the mannosylated micelle formulation improves dendritic cell activation and enhances antigen-specific T cell responses, resulting in higher antitumor immunity in tumor-bearing mice compared to free peptide antigen. The mannosylated polymer is therefore a simple and promising platform for the delivery of peptide cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixian Lv
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kefan Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Albert Yen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David J Peeler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Dinh Chuong Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Audrey Olshefsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Meilyn Sylvestre
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Selvi Srinivasan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Patrick S Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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8
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Chung SW, Xie Y, Suk JS. Overcoming physical stromal barriers to cancer immunotherapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2430-2447. [PMID: 34351575 PMCID: PMC8571040 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as an unprecedented hope for the treatment of notoriously refractory cancers. Numerous investigational drugs and immunotherapy-including combination regimens are under preclinical and clinical investigation. However, only a small patient subpopulation across different types of cancer responds to the therapy due to the presence of several mechanisms of resistance. There have been extensive efforts to overcome this limitation and to expand the patient population that could be benefited by this state-of-the-art therapeutic modality. Among various causes of the resistance, we here focus on physical stromal barriers that impede the access of immunotherapeutic drug molecules and/or native and engineered immune cells to cancer tissues and cells. Two primary stromal barriers that contribute to the resistance include aberrant tumor vasculatures and excessive extracellular matrix build-ups that restrict extravasation and infiltration, respectively, of molecular and cellular immunotherapeutic agents into tumor tissues. Here, we review the features of these barriers that limit the efficacy of immunotherapy and discuss recent advances that could potentially help immunotherapy overcome the barriers and improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Chung
- Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 602921231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Yunxuan Xie
- Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 602921231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 602921231, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA.
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9
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Jeong S, Choi Y, Kim K. Engineering Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy via Exogenous Delivery of Toll-like Receptor Agonists. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1374. [PMID: 34575449 PMCID: PMC8466827 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a currently spotlighted method for cancer treatment, cancer immunotherapy has made a lot of progress in recent years. Among tremendous cancer immunotherapy boosters available nowadays, Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists were specifically selected, because of their effective activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and macrophages. TLR agonists can activate signaling pathways of DCs to express CD80 and CD86 molecules, and secrete various cytokines and chemokines. The maturation of DCs stimulates naïve T cells to differentiate into functional cells, and induces B cell activation. Although TLR agonists have anti-tumor ability by activating the immune system of the host, their drawbacks, which include poor efficiency and remarkably short retention time in the body, must be overcome. In this review, we classify and summarize the recently reported delivery strategies using (1) exogenous TLR agonists to maintain the biological and physiological signaling activities of cargo agonists, (2) usage of multiple TLR agonists for synergistic immune responses, and (3) co-delivery using the combination with other immunomodulators or stimulants. In contrast to naked TLR agonists, these exogenous TLR delivery strategies successfully facilitated immune responses and subsequently mediated anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 22012, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.C.)
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10
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Gorbet MJ, Singh A, Mao C, Fiering S, Ranjan A. Using nanoparticles for in situ vaccination against cancer: mechanisms and immunotherapy benefits. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 37:18-33. [PMID: 33426995 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1802519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy to treat cancer is now an established clinical approach. Immunotherapy can be applied systemically, as done with checkpoint blockade antibodies, but it can also be injected directly into identified tumors, in a strategy of in situ vaccination (ISV). ISV is designed to stimulate a strong local antitumor immune response involving both innate and adaptive immune cells, and through this generate a systemic antitumor immune response against metastatic tumors. A variety of ISVs have been utilized to generate an immunostimulatory tumor microenvironment (TME). These include attenuated microorganisms, recombinant proteins, small molecules, physical disruptors of TME (alternating magnetic and focused ultrasound heating, photothermal therapy, and radiotherapy), and more recently nanoparticles (NPs). NPs are attractive and unique since they can load multiple drugs or other reagents to influence immune and cancer cell functions in the TME, affording a unique opportunity to stimulate antitumor immunity. Here, we describe the NP-ISV therapeutic mechanisms, review chemically synthesized NPs (i.e., liposomes, polymeric, chitosan-based, inorganic NPs, etc.), biologically derived NPs (virus and bacteria-based NPs), and energy-activated NP-ISVs in the context of their use as local ISV. Data suggests that NP-ISVs can enhance outcomes of immunotherapeutic regimens including those utilizing tumor hyperthermia and checkpoint blockade therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akansha Singh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Chenkai Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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11
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Francian A, Widmer A, Olsson T, Ramirez M, Heald D, Rasic K, Adams L, Martinson H, Kullberg M. Delivery of toll-like receptor agonists by complement C3-targeted liposomes activates immune cells and reduces tumour growth. J Drug Target 2021; 29:754-760. [PMID: 33472457 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1878364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of antigen presenting cells (APCs) is necessary for immune recognition and elimination of cancer. Our lab has developed a liposome nanoparticle that binds to complement C3 proteins present in serum. These C3-liposomes are specifically internalised by APCs and other myeloid cells, which express complement C3-binding receptors. Known immune stimulating compounds, toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, were encapsulated within the C3-liposomes, including monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), R848, and CpG 1826, specific for TLR4, TLR7/8, and TLR9 respectively. When recognised by their respective TLRs within the myeloid cells, these compounds trigger signal cascades that ultimately lead to increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and activation markers (CD80, CD83, CD86 and CD40). RT-PCR analysis of murine bone marrow cells treated with C3-liposomes revealed a significant increase in gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, IRF7, and IP-10). Furthermore, treatment of 4T1 tumour-bearing mice with C3-liposomes containing TLR agonists resulted in reduced tumour growth, compared to PBS treated mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate that C3-liposome delivery of TLR agonists activates APCs and induces tumour-specific adaptive immune responses, leading to reduced tumour growth in a breast cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Francian
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Ashley Widmer
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Troy Olsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Marisabel Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Darion Heald
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Keaton Rasic
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Luke Adams
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Holly Martinson
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Max Kullberg
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
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12
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Bordron A, Bagacean C, Tempescul A, Berthou C, Bettacchioli E, Hillion S, Renaudineau Y. Complement System: a Neglected Pathway in Immunotherapy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:155-171. [PMID: 31144209 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, hematological malignancies, and solid cancers, several monoclonal antibodies (mAb) make use of complement in their mechanism of action. Such an assessment is based on comprehensive investigations that used mouse models, in vitro studies, and analyses from patients at initiation (basal level to highlight deficiencies) and after treatment initiation (mAb impact on complement), which have further provided key insights into the importance of the complement activation and/or complement deficiencies in mAb activity. Accordingly, new approaches can now be developed with the final objective of increasing the clinical efficacy of mAb. These improvements include (i) the concurrent administration of fresh frozen plasma during mAb therapy; (ii) mAb modifications such as immunoglobulin G subclass switching, Fc mutation, or IgG hexamerization to improve the fixation and activation of C1q; (iii) optimization of the target recognition to induce a higher complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and/or complement-dependant cellular cytotoxicity (CDCC); and (iv) the control of soluble and cellular complement inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bordron
- Inserm UMR1227, B lymphocytes and autoimmunity, University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Cristina Bagacean
- Inserm UMR1227, B lymphocytes and autoimmunity, University of Brest, Brest, France.,Service d'Hématologie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Adrian Tempescul
- Inserm UMR1227, B lymphocytes and autoimmunity, University of Brest, Brest, France.,Service d'Hématologie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Christian Berthou
- Inserm UMR1227, B lymphocytes and autoimmunity, University of Brest, Brest, France.,Service d'Hématologie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Sophie Hillion
- Inserm UMR1227, B lymphocytes and autoimmunity, University of Brest, Brest, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Inserm UMR1227, B lymphocytes and autoimmunity, University of Brest, Brest, France. .,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHU de Brest, Brest, France.
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13
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Unleashing Tumour-Dendritic Cells to Fight Cancer by Tackling Their Three A's: Abundance, Activation and Antigen-Delivery. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050670. [PMID: 31091774 PMCID: PMC6562396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have mainly focused on re-activating T-cell responses against cancer cells. However, both priming and activation of effector T-cell responses against cancer-specific antigens require cross-talk with dendritic cells (DCs), which are responsible for the capturing, processing and presentation of tumour-(neo)antigens to T cells. DCs consequently constitute an essential target in efforts to generate therapeutic immunity against cancer. This review will discuss recent research that is unlocking the cancer-fighting potential of tumour-infiltrating DCs. First, the complexity of DCs in the tumour microenvironment regarding the different subsets and the difficulty of translating mouse data into equivalent human data will be briefly touched upon. Mainly, possible solutions to problems currently faced in DC-based cancer treatments will be discussed, including their infiltration into tumours, activation strategies, and antigen delivery methods. In this way, we hope to put together a broad picture of potential synergistic therapies that could be implemented to harness the full capacity of tumour-infiltrating DCs to stimulate anti-tumour immune responses in patients.
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