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Zhu S, Peng H, Kong H, Yan Q, Xia K, Wang L, Zhu Y, Luo S. Visualization of the hepatic and renal cell uptake and trafficking of tetrahedral DNA origami in tumour. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13643. [PMID: 38572799 PMCID: PMC11294413 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA nanostructures, known for their programmability, ease of modification, and favourable biocompatibility, have gained widespread application in the biomedical field. Among them, Tetrahedral DNA Origami (TDOs), as a novel DNA nanostructure, possesses well-defined structures, multiple modification sites, and large cavities, making it a promising drug carrier. However, current understanding of TDOs' interactions with biological systems, particularly with target cells and organs, remains unexplored, limiting its further applications in biomedicine. In this work, we prepared TDOs with an average particle size of 40 nm and labelled them with Cy5 fluorescent molecules. Following intravenous injection in mice, the uptake of TDOs by different types of liver and kidney cells was observed. Results indicated that TDOs accumulate in renal tubules and are metabolized by Kupffer cells, epithelial cells, and hepatocytes in the liver. Additionally, in a tumour-bearing mouse model, TDOs passively targeted tumour tissues and exhibited excellent tumour penetration and retention after rapid metabolism in hepatocytes. Our findings provide crucial insights for the development of TDO-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitai Zhu
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and TechnologyShanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongzhen Peng
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huating Kong
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Qinglong Yan
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Xiangfu LaboratoryJiashanChina
| | - Kai Xia
- Xiangfu LaboratoryJiashanChina
- Shanghai Frontier Innovation Research InstituteShanghaiChina
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and TechnologyShanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Zhu
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and TechnologyShanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shihua Luo
- Department of TraumatologyRui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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Chen Y, Li R, Duan Q, Wu L, Li X, Luo A, Zhang Y, Zhao N, Cui K, Wu W, Liu T, Wan JB, Deng L, Li G, Hou L, Tan W, Xiao Z. A DNA-Modularized STING Agonist with Macrophage-Selectivity and Programmability for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400149. [PMID: 38898748 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The activation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) and its adaptor, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), is known to reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for promoting antitumor immunity. To enhance the efficiency of cGAS-STING pathway activation, macrophage-selective uptake, and programmable cytosolic release are crucial for the delivery of STING agonists. However, existing polymer- or lipid-based delivery systems encounter difficulty in integrating multiple functions meanwhile maintaining precise control and simple procedures. Herein, inspired by cGAS being a natural DNA sensor, a modularized DNA nanodevice agonist (DNDA) is designed that enable macrophage-selective uptake and programmable activation of the cGAS-STING pathway through precise self-assembly. The resulting DNA nanodevice acts as both a nanocarrier and agonist. Upon local administration, it demonstrates the ability of macrophage-selective uptake, endosomal escape, and cytosolic release of the cGAS-recognizing DNA segment, leading to robust activation of the cGAS-STING pathway and enhanced antitumor efficacy. Moreover, DNDA elicits a synergistic therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint blockade. The study broadens the application of DNA nanotechnology as an immune stimulator for cGAS-STING activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruike Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiao Duan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Aoxiang Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenwei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tize Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Liufu Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Hebei, 056038, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Tan M, Makiguchi N, Kusamori K, Itakura S, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y, Nishikawa M. Tuning CpG motif position in nanostructured DNA for efficient immune stimulation. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300308. [PMID: 38651249 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
It was previously demonstrated that polypod-like nanostructured DNA (polypodna) comprising three or more oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were useful for the delivery of ODNs containing cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) motifs, or CpG ODNs, to immune cells. Although the immunostimulatory activity of single-stranded CpG ODNs is highly dependent on CpG motif sequence and position, little is known about how the position of the motif affects the immunostimulatory activity of CpG motif-containing nanostructured DNAs. In the present study, four series of polypodna were designed, each comprising a CpG ODN with one potent CpG motif at varying positions and 2-5 CpG-free ODNs, and investigated their immunostimulatory activity using Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9)-positive murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. Polypodnas with the CpG motif in the 5'-overhang induced more tumor necrosis factor-α release than those with the motif in the double-stranded region, even though their cellular uptake were similar. Importantly, the rank order of the immunostimulatory activity of single-stranded CpG ODNs changed after their incorporation into polypodna. These results indicate that the CpG ODN sequence as well as the motif location in nanostructured DNAs should be considered for designing the CpG motif-containing nanostructured DNAs for immune stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Tan
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Natsuki Makiguchi
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoko Itakura
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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Umemura K, Kawamoto Y, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Development of a Cytosolic DNA Sensor Agonist Using GALA Peptide-Conjugated DNA and Long Single-Stranded DNA. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1204-1213. [PMID: 38319924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Cytosolic DNA sensors (CDSs) recognize DNA molecules that are abnormally located in the cytosol, thus leading to the activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and the induction of type 1 interferon. In turn, type 1 interferon evokes defensive reactions against viral infections and activates the immune system; therefore, the use of agonists of CDSs as cancer therapeutics and vaccine adjuvants is expected. Double-stranded DNA molecules with dozens to thousands of bases derived from bacteria and viruses are agonists of CDSs. However, DNA is a water-soluble molecule with a high molecular weight, resulting in poor cellular uptake and endosomal escape. In contrast, long single-stranded DNA (lssDNA) obtained by rolling circle amplification is efficiently taken up and localized to endosomes. Here we constructed a CDS-targeting lssDNA via the facilitation of its intracellular transport from endosomes to the cytosol. An endosome-disrupting GALA peptide was used to deliver the lssDNA to the cytosol. A peptide-oligonucleotide conjugate (POC) was successfully obtained via the conjugation of the GALA peptide with an oligonucleotide complementary to the lssDNA. By hybridization of the POC to the complementary lssDNA (POC/lssDNA), the CDS-STING pathway in dendritic cells was efficiently stimulated. GALA peptide-conjugated DNA seems to be a helpful tool for the delivery of DNA to the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Umemura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Ito K, Maeda K, Kariya M, Yasui K, Araki A, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Formation of DNA nanotubes increases uptake into fibroblasts via enhanced affinity for collagen. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123297. [PMID: 37574114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures are promising delivery carriers because of their flexible structural design and high biocompatibility. Selectivity in cellular uptake is an important factor in the development of DNA-nanostructure-based delivery carriers. In this study, DNA nanotubes were selected as the DNA structures, and their selectivity for cellular uptake and the mechanisms involved were investigated. Unlike DNA nanostructures such as polypod-like nanostructured DNA or DNA tetrahedrons, which are easily taken up by macrophages, the formation of DNA nanotubes increases uptake by fibroblasts and fibroblast-like cells. We focused on the collagen expressed in cells as a factor in this process, and found DNA nanotube formation increased the affinity for type I collagen compared with that of single-stranded DNA. Collagenase treatment removes collagen from fibroblasts and reduces the uptake of DNA nanotubes by fibroblasts. We directly observed DNA nanotube uptake by fibroblasts using transmission electron microscopy, whereby the nanotubes were distributed on the cell surface, folded, fragmented, and taken up by phagocytosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated a novel finding that DNA nanotubes are readily taken up by fibroblasts and myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ito
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koki Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Kariya
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kento Yasui
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ayana Araki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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6
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Nagaoka M, Liao W, Kusamori K, Nishikawa M. Targeted Delivery of Immunostimulatory CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides to Antigen-Presenting Cells in Draining Lymph Nodes by Stearic Acid Modification and Nanostructurization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031350. [PMID: 35163272 PMCID: PMC8836026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypod-like structured nucleic acids (polypodnas), which are nanostructured DNAs, are useful for delivering cytosine-phosphate guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) expressing Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) for immune stimulation. Lipid modification is another approach to deliver ODNs to lymph nodes, where TLR9-positive APCs are abundant, by binding to serum albumin. The combination of these two methods can be useful for delivering CpG ODNs to lymph nodes in vivo. In the present study, CpG1668, a phosphodiester-type CpG ODN, was modified with stearic acid (SA) to obtain SA-CpG1668. Tripodna, a polypodna with three pods, was selected as the nanostructured DNA. Tripodnas loaded with CpG1668 or SA-CpG1668 were obtained in high yields. SA-CpG1668/tripodna bound more efficiently to plasma proteins than CpG1668/tripodna and was more efficiently taken up by macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells than CpG1668/tripodna, whereas the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α released from the cells were comparable between the two. After subcutaneous injection into mice, SA-CpG1668/tripodna induced significantly higher interleukin (IL)-12 p40 production in the draining lymph nodes than SA-CpG1668 or CpG1668/tripodna, with reduced IL-6 levels in plasma. These results indicate that the combination of SA modification and nanostructurization is a useful approach for the targeted delivery of CpG ODNs to lymph nodes.
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Kawamoto Y, Liu W, Yum JH, Park S, Sugiyama H, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Enhanced Immunostimulatory Activity of Covalent DNA Dendrons. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100583. [PMID: 34881505 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on the design and synthesis of covalent DNA dendrons bearing multivalent cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) that can stimulate the immune system through the activation of TLR9. These dendrons were synthesized using branching trebler phosphoramidite containing three identical protecting groups that enabled the simultaneous synthesis of multiple strands on a single molecule. Compared with linear ODNs, covalent DNA dendrons were found to be more resistant to nuclease degradation and were more efficiently taken up by macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. Cellular uptake was suggested to be mediated by macrophage scavenger receptors. The covalent DNA dendrons composed of multivalent immunostimulatory branches enhanced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 from RAW264.7 cells, and 9-branched DNA dendrons showed the highest enhancement. Given their enhanced efficacy, we expect covalent DNA dendrons to be useful structures of oligonucleotide medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kawamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ji Hye Yum
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshidaushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Takenaka M, Yabuta A, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Interleukin-4-carrying small extracellular vesicles with a high potential as anti-inflammatory therapeutics based on modulation of macrophage function. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121160. [PMID: 34653934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL4), a Th2-type cytokine that can drive M2 macrophage polarization, is expected to be used as an anti-inflammatory therapy agent as M2 polarization of macrophages can ameliorate chronic inflammation. However, several problems, such as the low effectiveness and side effects, have hampered the clinical application. To safely and effectively use IL4, an efficient delivery of IL4 to target cells, macrophages, is necessary. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are promising candidates as macrophage delivery carriers because they are efficiently recognized by macrophages. In addition, considering the property of IL4 signaling, for which the internalization of IL4 receptor into the cellular compartment is important, and sEV uptake mechanism by macrophages, sEVs are expected to amplify IL4 signaling. In this study, we developed IL4-carrying sEVs (IL4-sEVs) by genetically engineering sEV-producing cells. We investigated the bioactivity of IL4-sEVs using RAW264.7 macrophages and their potential for therapeutic application to the treatment of an inflammatory disease using collagen-induced arthritis model mice. IL4-sEVs exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory effects on M1-polarized macrophages through M2 polarization of macrophages than those of soluble IL4 proteins. Moreover, IL4-sEVs exhibited more effective therapeutic effects on rheumatoid arthritis than those of IL4. These results indicate that IL4-carrying sEVs are promising anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Takenaka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ayane Yabuta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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