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Zhou C, Wang Q, Cao H, Jiang J, Gao L. Nanozybiotics: Advancing Antimicrobial Strategies Through Biomimetic Mechanisms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403362. [PMID: 38874860 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens present significant global health challenges. The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance exacerbates this issue, leading to a scenario where effective antibiotics are increasingly scarce. Traditional antibiotic development strategies are proving inadequate against the swift evolution of microbial resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial strategies with mechanisms distinct from those of existing antibiotics. Nanozybiotics, which are nanozyme-based antimicrobials, mimic the catalytic action of lysosomal enzymes in innate immune cells to kill infectious pathogens. This review reinforces the concept of nanozymes and provides a comprehensive summary of recent research advancements on potential antimicrobial candidates. Initially, nanozybiotics are categorized based on their activities, mimicking either oxidoreductase-like or hydrolase-like functions, thereby highlighting their superior mechanisms in combating antimicrobial resistance. The review then discusses the progress of nanozybiotics in treating bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, confirming their potential as novel antimicrobial candidates. The translational potential of nanozybiotic-based products, including hydrogels, nanorobots, sprays, bandages, masks, and protective clothing, is also considered. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of nanozybiotic-related products are explored, emphasizing the design and antimicrobial capabilities of nanozybiotics for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyu Zhou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Wang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haolin Cao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
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Guo J, Shi W, Li X, Yang B, Qin C, Su L. Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiomes in Laboratory Chinchillas, Ferrets, and Marmots: Implications for Pathogen Infection Research. Microorganisms 2024; 12:646. [PMID: 38674591 PMCID: PMC11051751 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes play a vital role in the health and disease of animals, especially in relation to pathogen infections. Chinchillas, ferrets, and marmots are commonly used as important laboratory animals for infectious disease research. Here, we studied the bacterial and fungal microbiota and discovered that chinchillas had higher alpha diversity and a higher abundance of bacteria compared to marmots and ferrets by using the metabarcoding of 16S rRNA genes and ITS2, coupled with co-occurrence network analysis. The dominant microbes varied significantly among the three animal species, particularly in the gut mycobiota. In the ferrets, the feces were dominated by yeast such as Rhodotorula and Kurtzmaniella, while in the chinchillas, we found Teunomyces and Penicillium dominating, and Acaulium, Piromyces, and Kernia in the marmots. Nevertheless, the dominant bacterial genera shared some similarities, such as Clostridium and Pseudomonas across the three animal species. However, there were significant differences observed, such as Vagococcus and Ignatzschineria in the ferrets, Acinetobacter and Bacteroides in the chinchillas, and Bacteroides and Cellvibrio in the marmots. Additionally, our differential analysis revealed significant differences in classification levels among the three different animal species, as well as variations in feeding habitats that resulted in distinct contributions from the host microbiome. Therefore, our data are valuable for monitoring and evaluating the impacts of the microbiome, as well as considering potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lei Su
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, International Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China; (J.G.); (W.S.); (X.L.); (B.Y.); (C.Q.)
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Tang Y, Xu H, Wang X, Dong S, Guo L, Zhang S, Yang X, Liu C, Jiang X, Kan M, Wu S, Zhang J, Xu C. Advances in preparation and application of antibacterial hydrogels. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:300. [PMID: 37633883 PMCID: PMC10463510 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections, especially those caused by drug-resistant bacteria, have seriously threatened human life and health. There is urgent to develop new antibacterial agents to reduce the problem of antibiotics. Biomedical materials with good antimicrobial properties have been widely used in antibacterial applications. Among them, hydrogels have become the focus of research in the field of biomedical materials due to their unique three-dimensional network structure, high hydrophilicity, and good biocompatibility. In this review, the latest research progresses about hydrogels in recent years were summarized, mainly including the preparation methods of hydrogels and their antibacterial applications. According to their different antibacterial mechanisms, several representative antibacterial hydrogels were introduced, such as antibiotics loaded hydrogels, antibiotic-free hydrogels including metal-based hydrogels, antibacterial peptide and antibacterial polymers, stimuli-responsive smart hydrogels, and light-mediated hydrogels. In addition, we also discussed the applications and challenges of antibacterial hydrogels in biomedicine, which are expected to provide new directions and ideas for the application of hydrogels in clinical antibacterial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Huiqing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Shuhan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Mujie Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Shanli Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Jizhou Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Caina Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
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Ma X, Lang J, Chen P, Tang W, Shindler S, Yang R. A cascade nanozyme with antimicrobial effects against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1014-1023. [PMID: 36602182 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is the main cause of pediatric antibiotic prescriptions. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major OM pathogen, which forms a biofilm that resists conventional antimicrobials and immune clearance. Thus, novel treatments that are effective against NTHi and its biofilm are urgently required. Nanozymes (often inorganic nanoparticles) mimic natural enzymes' catalytic activities to generate strong antimicrobials at the site of infection, and thus represent one of the emerging solutions to the crisis of antimicrobial resistance. They mimic natural enzymes' activities, such as generating strong antimicrobials catalytically at the site of infection, to minimize overexposure. However, that in situ generation often relies on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) as precursors, a prerequisite that limits the broad deployment of nanozymes. To address this challenge, we designed a cascade nanozyme that generates an antiseptic, HOBr, from a ubiquitous non-ROS, i.e., O2, which successfully eradicates NTHi. The cascade nanozyme simultaneously exhibits glucose oxidase (GOx)-like activity from gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and haloperoxidase (HPO)-mimicking activity from vanadium pentoxide nanowires (V2O5 NWs) connected using dopamine (DPA). The cascade nanozyme demonstrated strong antimicrobial efficacy against NTHi and its biofilm, while showing improved biocompatibility compared to the nanozyme of V2O5 NWs alone. The cascade nanozyme thus points to a material-oriented infectious disease treatment strategy, where small-molecule antimicrobials are generated in real time at the site of infection for the benefit of autonomous dosing. This strategy potentially mitigates the development of antimicrobial resistance and reduces side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Ma
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Jiayan Lang
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Simon Shindler
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Rong Yang
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Rehder D. Vanadium in biological systems and medicinal applications. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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