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Zhang Z, Luo X, Jiang L, Wu H, Tan Z. How do HCN channels play a part in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease? Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102436. [PMID: 39047878 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (AD and PD) are well-known, yet their underlying causes remain unclear. Recent studies have suggested that disruption of ion channels contribute to their pathogenesis. Among these channels, the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, encoded by HCN1-4 genes, are of particular interest due to their role in generating hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih), which is crucial in various neural activities impacting memory and motor functions. A growing body of evidence underscores the pivotal role of HCN in Aβ generation, glial cell function, and ischemia-induced dementia; while HCN is expressed in various regions of the basal ganglia, modulating their functions and influencing motor disorders in PD; neuroinflammation triggered by microglial activation represents a shared pathological mechanism in both AD and PD, in which HCN also plays a significant part. This review delves into the neuronal functions governed by HCN, its roles in the aforementioned pathogenesis, its expression patterns in AD and PD, and discusses potential therapeutic drugs targeting HCN for the treatment of these diseases, aiming to offer a novel perspective and inspire future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, PR China; Changsha Taihe Hospital, Changsha 410000, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, PR China; Changsha Taihe Hospital, Changsha 410000, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, PR China; Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Changsha Taihe Hospital, Changsha 410000, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Huilan Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, PR China; Changsha Taihe Hospital, Changsha 410000, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Zhirong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, PR China; Changsha Taihe Hospital, Changsha 410000, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410205, PR China.
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Soti M, Ranjbar H, Kohlmeier KA, Razavinasab M, Masoumi-Ardakani Y, Shabani M. Probable role of the hyperpolarization-activated current in the dual effects of CB1R antagonism on behaviors in a Parkinsonism mouse model. Brain Res Bull 2022; 191:78-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chang X, Wang J, Jiang H, Shi L, Xie J. Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels: An Emerging Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:141. [PMID: 31231190 PMCID: PMC6560157 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are chronic, progressive, and age-associated neurological disorders characterized by neuronal deterioration in specific brain regions. Although the specific pathological mechanisms underlying these disorders have remained elusive, ion channel dysfunction has become increasingly accepted as a potential mechanism for neurodegenerative diseases. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are encoded by the HCN1-4 gene family and conduct the hyperpolarization-activated current (I h). These channels play important roles in modulating cellular excitability, rhythmic activity, dendritic integration, and synaptic transmission. In the present review, we first provide a comprehensive picture of the role of HCN channels in PD by summarizing their role in the regulation of neuronal activity in PD-related brain regions. Dysfunction of I h may participate in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced toxicity and represent a pathogenic mechanism in PD. Given current reports of the critical role of HCN channels in neuroinflammation and depression, we also discussed the putative contribution of HCN channels in inflammatory processes and non-motor symptoms in PD. In the second section, we summarize how HCN channels regulate the formation of β-amyloid peptide in AD and the role of these channels in learning and memory. Finally, we briefly discuss the effects of HCN channels in ALS and SMA based on existing discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Limin Shi
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Darbin O, Jin X, Von Wrangel C, Schwabe K, Nambu A, Naritoku DK, Krauss JK, Alam M. Neuronal Entropy-Rate Feature of Entopeduncular Nucleus in Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Neural Syst 2015; 26:1550038. [PMID: 26711712 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065715500380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The function of the nigro-striatal pathway on neuronal entropy in the basal ganglia (BG) output nucleus, i.e. the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) was investigated in the unilaterally 6-hyroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). In both control subjects and subjects with 6-OHDA lesion of dopamine (DA) the nigro-striatal pathway, a histological hallmark for parkinsonism, neuronal entropy in EPN was maximal in neurons with firing rates ranging between 15 and 25 Hz. In 6-OHDA lesioned rats, neuronal entropy in the EPN was specifically higher in neurons with firing rates above 25 Hz. Our data establishes that the nigro-striatal pathway controls neuronal entropy in motor circuitry and that the parkinsonian condition is associated with abnormal relationship between firing rate and neuronal entropy in BG output nuclei. The neuronal firing rates and entropy relationship provide putative relevant electrophysiological information to investigate the sensory-motor processing in normal condition and conditions such as movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Darbin
- 1 Department of Neurology, University South Alabama, 307 University Blvd., Mobile, AL 36688, USA.,2 Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.,3 Animal Resource Program, University Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xingxing Jin
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christof Von Wrangel
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Atsushi Nambu
- 2 Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.,5 Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Dean K Naritoku
- 1 Department of Neurology, University South Alabama, 307 University Blvd., Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Joachim K Krauss
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mesbah Alam
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Decreased HCN2 expression in STN contributes to abnormal high-voltage spindles in the cortex and globus pallidus of freely moving rats. Brain Res 2015; 1618:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Deng WS, Jiang YX, Han XH, Xue Y, Wang H, Sun P, Chen L. HCN Channels Modulate the Activity of the Subthalamic Nucleus In Vivo. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:260-268. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
Despite remarkable advances in Parkinson's disease (PD) research, the pathophysiological mechanisms causing motor dysfunction remain unclear, possibly delaying the advent of new and improved therapies. Several such mechanisms have been proposed including changes in neuronal firing rates, the emergence of pathological oscillatory activity, increased neural synchronization, and abnormal bursting. This review focuses specifically on the role of abnormal bursting of basal ganglia neurons in PD, where a burst is a physiologically-relevant, transient increase in neuronal firing over some reference period or activity. After reviewing current methods for how bursts are detected and what the functional role of bursts may be under normal conditions, existing studies are reviewed that suggest that bursting is abnormally increased in PD and that this increases with worsening disease. Finally, the influence of therapeutic approaches for PD such as dopamine-replacement therapy with levodopa or dopamine agonists, lesions, or deep brain stimulation on bursting is discussed. Although there is insufficient evidence to conclude that increased bursting causes motor dysfunction in PD, current evidence suggests that targeted investigations into the role of bursting in PD may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cj Lobb
- Dept. of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322
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Linta L, Stockmann M, Lin Q, Lechel A, Proepper C, Boeckers TM, Kleger A, Liebau S. Microarray-Based Comparisons of Ion Channel Expression Patterns: Human Keratinocytes to Reprogrammed hiPSCs to Differentiated Neuronal and Cardiac Progeny. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:784629. [PMID: 23690787 PMCID: PMC3649712 DOI: 10.1155/2013/784629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are involved in a large variety of cellular processes including stem cell differentiation. Numerous families of ion channels are present in the organism which can be distinguished by means of, for example, ion selectivity, gating mechanism, composition, or cell biological function. To characterize the distinct expression of this group of ion channels we have compared the mRNA expression levels of ion channel genes between human keratinocyte-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their somatic cell source, keratinocytes from plucked human hair. This comparison revealed that 26% of the analyzed probes showed an upregulation of ion channels in hiPSCs while just 6% were downregulated. Additionally, iPSCs express a much higher number of ion channels compared to keratinocytes. Further, to narrow down specificity of ion channel expression in iPS cells we compared their expression patterns with differentiated progeny, namely, neurons and cardiomyocytes derived from iPS cells. To conclude, hiPSCs exhibit a very considerable and diverse ion channel expression pattern. Their detailed analysis could give an insight into their contribution to many cellular processes and even disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Linta
- Institute for Anatomy Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marianne Stockmann
- Institute for Anatomy Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Qiong Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Proepper
- Institute for Anatomy Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M. Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute for Anatomy Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Ying SW, Tibbs GR, Picollo A, Abbas SY, Sanford RL, Accardi A, Hofmann F, Ludwig A, Goldstein PA. PIP2-mediated HCN3 channel gating is crucial for rhythmic burst firing in thalamic intergeniculate leaflet neurons. J Neurosci 2011; 31:10412-23. [PMID: 21753018 PMCID: PMC6623048 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0021-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels generate a pacemaking current, I(h), which regulates neuronal excitability and oscillatory activity in the brain. Although all four HCN isoforms are expressed in the brain, the functional contribution of HCN3 is unknown. Using immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques, we investigated HCN3 function in thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) neurons, as HCN3 is reportedly preferentially expressed in these cells. We observed that I(h) recorded from IGL, but not ventral geniculate nucleus, neurons in HCN2(+/+) mice and rats activated slowly and were cAMP insensitive, which are hallmarks of HCN3 channels. We also observed strong immunolabeling for HCN3, with no labeling for HCN1 and HCN4, and only very weak labeling for HCN2. Deletion of HCN2 did not alter I(h) characteristics in mouse IGL neurons. These data together indicate that the HCN3 channel isoform generated I(h) in IGL neurons. Intracellular phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) shifted I(h) activation to more depolarized potentials and accelerated activation kinetics. Upregulation of HCN3 function by PIP(2) augmented low-threshold burst firing and spontaneous oscillations; conversely, depletion of PIP(2) or pharmacologic block of I(h) resulted in a profound inhibition of excitability. The results indicate that functional expression of HCN3 channels in IGL neurons is crucial for intrinsic excitability and rhythmic burst firing, and PIP(2) serves as a powerful modulator of I(h)-dependent properties via an effect on HCN3 channel gating. Since the IGL is a major input to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, regulation of pacemaking function by PIP(2) in the IGL may influence sleep and circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Wang Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.
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Selective participation of somatodendritic HCN channels in inhibitory but not excitatory synaptic integration in neurons of the subthalamic nucleus. J Neurosci 2010; 30:16025-40. [PMID: 21106841 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3898-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity patterns of subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons are intimately linked to motor function and dysfunction and arise through the complex interaction of intrinsic properties and inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs. In many neurons, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels play key roles in intrinsic excitability and synaptic integration both under normal conditions and in disease states. However, in STN neurons, which strongly express HCN channels, their roles remain relatively obscure. To address this deficit, complementary molecular and cellular electrophysiological, imaging, and computational approaches were applied to the rat STN. Molecular profiling demonstrated that individual STN neurons express mRNA encoding several HCN subunits, with HCN2 and 3 being the most abundant. Light and electron microscopic analysis showed that HCN2 subunits are strongly expressed and distributed throughout the somatodendritic plasma membrane. Voltage-, current-, and dynamic-clamp analysis, two-photon Ca(2+) imaging, and computational modeling revealed that HCN channels are activated by GABA(A) receptor-mediated inputs and thus limit synaptic hyperpolarization and deinactivation of low-voltage-activated Ca(2+) channels. Although HCN channels also limited the temporal summation of EPSPs, generated through two-photon uncaging of glutamate, this action was largely shunted by GABAergic inhibition that was necessary for HCN channel activation. Together the data demonstrate that HCN channels in STN neurons selectively counteract GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition arising from the globus pallidus and thus promote single-spike activity rather than rebound burst firing.
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Dopamine depletion induces distinct compensatory gene expression changes in DARPP-32 signal transduction cascades of striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons. J Neurosci 2009; 29:6828-39. [PMID: 19474310 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5310-08.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional alterations in striatal projection neurons play a critical role in the development of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), but their molecular adaptation to dopamine depletion remains poorly understood. In particular, type and extent of regulation in postsynaptic signal transduction pathways that determine the responsiveness of striatal projection neurons to incoming stimuli, are currently unknown. Using cell-type-specific transcriptome analyses in a rodent model of chronic dopamine depletion, we identified large-scale gene expression changes, including neurotransmitter receptors, signal transduction cascades, and target proteins of dopamine signaling in striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons. Within the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32) cascade of enzymes that plays a central role in signal integration of dopaminoceptive neurons multiple catalytic and regulatory subunits change their mRNA expression levels. In addition to the number of genes the fact that the alterations occur at multiple levels stresses the biological relevance of transcriptional regulation for adaptations of postsynaptic signaling pathways. The overall pattern of changes in both striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons is compatible with homeostatic mechanisms. In accordance with the distinct biological effects of dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptor stimulation, the alterations of the transcriptional profiles most likely result in prodopaminergic phosphorylation patterns. Our data provide insight into the disease-related plasticity of functional genomic networks in vivo that might contribute to the protracted preclinical phase of PD. In addition, the data have potential implications for the symptomatic treatment of the disease.
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