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Wang HY, Takagi H, Stoney PN, Echeverria A, Kuhn B, Hsu KS, Takahashi T. Anoxia-induced hippocampal LTP is regeneratively produced by glutamate and nitric oxide from the neuro-glial-endothelial axis. iScience 2024; 27:109515. [PMID: 38591010 PMCID: PMC11000013 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient anoxia causes amnesia and neuronal death. This is attributed to enhanced glutamate release and modeled as anoxia-induced long-term potentiation (aLTP). aLTP is mediated by glutamate receptors and nitric oxide (·NO) and occludes stimulation-induced LTP. We identified a signaling cascade downstream of ·NO leading to glutamate release and a glutamate-·NO loop regeneratively boosting aLTP. aLTP in entothelial ·NO synthase (eNOS)-knockout mice and blocking neuronal NOS (nNOS) activity suggested that both nNOS and eNOS contribute to aLTP. Immunostaining result showed that eNOS is predominantly expressed in vascular endothelia. Transient anoxia induced a long-lasting Ca2+ elevation in astrocytes that mirrored aLTP. Blocking astrocyte metabolism or depletion of the NMDA receptor ligand D-serine abolished eNOS-dependent aLTP, suggesting that astrocytic Ca2+ elevation stimulates D-serine release from endfeet to endothelia, thereby releasing ·NO synthesized by eNOS. Thus, the neuro-glial-endothelial axis is involved in long-term enhancement of glutamate release after transient anoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ying Wang
- Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Patrick N. Stoney
- Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Anai Echeverria
- Optical Neuroimaging Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Optical Neuroimaging Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kuei-Sen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tomoyuki Takahashi
- Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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Sciaccaluga M, Ruffolo G, Palma E, Costa C. Traditional and Innovative Anti-seizure Medications Targeting Key Physiopathological Mechanisms: Focus on Neurodevelopment and Neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1736-1754. [PMID: 37143270 PMCID: PMC10514539 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230504160948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide range of compounds currently available to treat epilepsy, there is still no drug that directly tackles the physiopathological mechanisms underlying its development. Indeed, antiseizure medications attempt to prevent seizures but are inefficacious in counteracting or rescuing the physiopathological phenomena that underlie their onset and recurrence, and hence do not cure epilepsy. Classically, the altered excitation/inhibition balance is postulated as the mechanism underlying epileptogenesis and seizure generation. This oversimplification, however, does not account for deficits in homeostatic plasticity resulting from either insufficient or excessive compensatory mechanisms in response to a change in network activity. In this respect, both neurodevelopmental epilepsies and those associated with neurodegeneration may share common underlying mechanisms that still need to be fully elucidated. The understanding of these molecular mechanisms shed light on the identification of new classes of drugs able not only to suppress seizures, but also to present potential antiepileptogenic effects or "disease-modifying" properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sciaccaluga
- Section of Neurology, S.M. della Misericordia Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, Perugia, 06129, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, 00185, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, 00185, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Section of Neurology, S.M. della Misericordia Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, Perugia, 06129, Italy
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Zöllner JP, Schmitt FC, Rosenow F, Kohlhase K, Seiler A, Strzelczyk A, Stefan H. Seizures and epilepsy in patients with ischaemic stroke. Neurol Res Pract 2021; 3:63. [PMID: 34865660 PMCID: PMC8647498 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-021-00161-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increased efficacy of stroke treatments, diagnosis and specific treatment needs of patients with post-stroke seizures (PSS) and post-stroke epilepsy have become increasingly important. PSS can complicate the diagnosis of a stroke and the treatment of stroke patients, and can worsen post-stroke morbidity. This narrative review considers current treatment guidelines, the specifics of antiseizure treatment in stroke patients as well as the state-of-the-art in clinical and imaging research of post-stroke epilepsy. Treatment of PSS needs to consider indications for antiseizure medication treatment as well as individual clinical and social factors. Furthermore, potential interactions between stroke and antiseizure treatments must be carefully considered. The relationship between acute recanalizing stroke therapy (intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy) and the emergence of PSS is currently the subject of an intensive discussion. In the subacute and chronic post-stroke phases, important specific interactions between necessary antiseizure and stroke treatments (anticoagulation, cardiac medication) need to be considered. Among all forms of prevention, primary prevention is currently the most intensively researched. This includes specifically the repurposing of drugs that were not originally developed for antiseizure properties, such as statins. PSS are presently the subject of extensive basic clinical research. Of specific interest are the role of post-stroke excitotoxicity and blood-brain barrier disruption for the emergence of PSS in the acute symptomatic as well as late (> 1 week after the stroke) periods. Current magnetic resonance imaging research focussing on glutamate excitotoxicity as well as diffusion-based estimation of blood-brain barrier integrity aim to elucidate the pathophysiology of seizures after stroke and the principles of epileptogenesis in structural epilepsy in general. These approaches may also reveal new imaging-based biomarkers for prediction of PSS and post-stroke epilepsy. CONCLUSION PSS require the performance of individual risk assessments, accounting for the potential effectiveness and side effects of antiseizure therapy. The use of intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy is not associated with an increased risk of PSS. Advances in stroke imaging may reveal biomarkers for PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Philipp Zöllner
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | - Felix Rosenow
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Konstantin Kohlhase
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Seiler
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Adam Strzelczyk
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hermann Stefan
- Department of Neurology - Biomagnetism, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Liu Y, Ding S, Luan Y, Zhu Z, Cai Y, Liu Y. Ginkgo biloba extracts inhibit post-ischemic LTP through attenuating EPSCs in rat hippocampus. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2299-2311. [PMID: 34463942 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract 761 (EGb761), a standardized extract from the Ginkgo biloba leaf, is purported to inhibit NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal excitotoxicity and protect neurons form ischemic injury. However, the specific signal pathway involved in the effects of EGb761 on synaptic plasticity is still in dispute. In this article, effects of EGb761 and its monomer component ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB), ginkgolide C (GC) and quercetin on rat hippocampal synaptic plasticity were studied. The evoked Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and miniature EPSCs were recorded on hippocampal slices from SD rats (14-21 days of age) by whole-cell patch-clamp recording and long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced by theta-burst stimulation. Acutely applied EGb761 inhibited the LTP, but bilaterally affect the evoked EPSCs. The evoked EPSCs were increased by incubation of lower concentration of EGb761, then the evoked EPSCs were decreased by incubation of higher concentration of EGb761. EGb761 monomer component GA, GB and GC could also inhibit the TBS-induced LTP and EPSC amplitude but not paired-pulse ratio (PPR). But quercetin, another monomer component of EGb761, led to increase in EPSC amplitude and decrease in PPR. Simultaneously, EGb761 and its monomer component ginkgolides inhibited the post-ischemic LTP (i-LTP) by inhibiting the EPSCs and the AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 expression on postsynaptic membrane. The results indicated that high concentration of EGb761 might inhibit LTP and i-LTP through inhibition effects of GA, GB and GC on AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Supeng Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Luan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingkui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
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Ion-Channel Antiepileptic Drugs: An Analytical Perspective on the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of Ezogabine, Lacosamide, and Zonisamide. ANALYTICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica2040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term seizures includes a wide array of different disorders with variable etiology, which currently represent one of the most important classes of neurological illnesses. As a consequence, many different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are currently available, exploiting different activity mechanisms and providing different levels of performance in terms of selectivity, safety, and efficacy. AEDs are currently among the psychoactive drugs most frequently involved in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) practices. Thus, the plasma levels of AEDs and their metabolites are monitored and correlated to administered doses, therapeutic efficacy, side effects, and toxic effects. As for any analytical endeavour, the quality of plasma concentration data is only as good as the analytical method allows. In this review, the main techniques and methods are described, suitable for the TDM of three AEDs belonging to the class of ion channel agents: ezogabine (or retigabine), lacosamide, and zonisamide. In addition to this analytical overview, data are provided, pertaining to two of the most important use cases for the TDM of antiepileptics: drug–drug interactions and neuroprotection activity studies. This review contains 146 references.
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Low doses of Perampanel protect striatal and hippocampal neurons against in vitro ischemia by reversing the ischemia-induced alteration of AMPA receptor subunit composition. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 140:104848. [PMID: 32222474 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy depletion caused by ischemic brain insults may result in persistent neuronal depolarization accompanied by hyper-stimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors and excitotoxic phenomena, possibly leading to cell death. The use of glutamate receptor antagonists, such as the AMPARs antagonist Perampanel (PER), might be a pharmacological approach to counteract the excessive over-activation of glutamate receptors providing neuroprotective effects. Using electrophysiological and molecular analyses, we investigated the effect of PER against in vitro ischemia obtained by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat slices of two brain structures particularly sensitive to ischemic insults, the nucleus striatum and the hippocampus. We found that in these regions PER was able to avoid the OGD-induced neuronal suffering, at low doses not reducing basal excitatory synaptic transmission and not altering long-term potentiation (LTP) induction. Furthermore, in both the analysed regions, PER blocked a pathological form of LTP, namely ischemic LTP (iLTP). Finally, we hypothesized that the protective effect of PER against OGD was due to its capability to normalize the altered synaptic localization and function of AMPAR subunits, occuring after an ischemic insult. Taken together these findings support the idea that PER is a drug potentially effective to counteract ischemic damage.
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7
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Hollas MA, Ben Aissa M, Lee SH, Gordon-Blake JM, Thatcher GRJ. Pharmacological manipulation of cGMP and NO/cGMP in CNS drug discovery. Nitric Oxide 2019; 82:59-74. [PMID: 30394348 PMCID: PMC7645969 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of small molecule modulators of NO/cGMP signaling for use in the CNS has lagged far behind the use of such clinical agents in the periphery, despite the central role played by NO/cGMP in learning and memory, and the substantial evidence that this signaling pathway is perturbed in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The NO-chimeras, NMZ and Nitrosynapsin, have yielded beneficial and disease-modifying responses in multiple preclinical animal models, acting on GABAA and NMDA receptors, respectively, providing additional mechanisms of action relevant to synaptic and neuronal dysfunction. Several inhibitors of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases (PDE) have replicated some of the actions of these NO-chimeras in the CNS. There is no evidence that nitrate tolerance is a phenomenon relevant to the CNS actions of NO-chimeras, and studies on nitroglycerin in the periphery continue to challenge the dogma of nitrate tolerance mechanisms. Hybrid nitrates have shown much promise in the periphery and CNS, but to date only one treatment has received FDA approval, for glaucoma. The potential for allosteric modulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in brain disorders has not yet been fully explored nor exploited; whereas multiple applications of PDE inhibitors have been explored and many have stalled in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hollas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Manel Ben Aissa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sue H Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jesse M Gordon-Blake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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8
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Mancini A, Tantucci M, Mazzocchetti P, de Iure A, Durante V, Macchioni L, Giampà C, Alvino A, Gaetani L, Costa C, Tozzi A, Calabresi P, Di Filippo M. Microglial activation and the nitric oxide/cGMP/PKG pathway underlie enhanced neuronal vulnerability to mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 113:97-108. [PMID: 29325869 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During multiple sclerosis (MS), a close link has been demonstrated to occur between inflammation and neuro-axonal degeneration, leading to the hypothesis that immune mechanisms may promote neurodegeneration, leading to irreversible disease progression. Energy deficits and inflammation-driven mitochondrial dysfunction seem to be involved in this process. In this work we investigated, by the use of striatal electrophysiological field-potential recordings, if the inflammatory process associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is able to influence neuronal vulnerability to the blockade of mitochondrial complex IV, a crucial component for mitochondrial activity responsible of about 90% of total cellular oxygen consumption. We showed that during the acute relapsing phase of EAE, neuronal susceptibility to mitochondrial complex IV inhibition is markedly enhanced. This detrimental effect was counteracted by the pharmacological inhibition of microglia, of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and its intracellular pathway (involving soluble guanylyl cyclase, sGC, and protein kinase G, PKG). The obtained results suggest that mitochondrial complex IV exerts an important role in maintaining neuronal energetic homeostasis during EAE. The pathological processes associated with experimental MS, and in particular the activation of microglia and of the NO pathway, lead to an increased neuronal vulnerability to mitochondrial complex IV inhibition, representing promising pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mancini
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Tantucci
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Petra Mazzocchetti
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio de Iure
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Durante
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Macchioni
- Sezione di Fisiologia e Biochimica, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmela Giampà
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alvino
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gaetani
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tozzi
- Sezione di Fisiologia e Biochimica, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Filippo
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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Meunier CNJ, Chameau P, Fossier PM. Modulation of Synaptic Plasticity in the Cortex Needs to Understand All the Players. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2017; 9:2. [PMID: 28203201 PMCID: PMC5285384 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2017.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in cognitive tasks such as working memory, decision making, risk assessment and regulation of attention. These functions performed by the PFC are supposed to rely on rhythmic electrical activity generated by neuronal network oscillations determined by a precise balance between excitation and inhibition balance (E/I balance) resulting from the coordinated activities of recurrent excitation and feedback and feedforward inhibition. Functional alterations in PFC functions have been associated with cognitive deficits in several pathologies such as major depression, anxiety and schizophrenia. These pathological situations are correlated with alterations of different neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), acetylcholine…) that result in alterations of the E/I balance. The aim of this review article is to cover the basic aspects of the regulation of the E/I balance as well as to highlight the importance of the complementarity role of several neurotransmitters in the modulation of the plasticity of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. We illustrate our purpose by recent findings that demonstrate that 5-HT and DA cooperate to regulate the plasticity of excitatory and inhibitory synapses targeting layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5PyNs) of the PFC and to fine tune the E/I balance. Using a method based on the decomposition of the synaptic conductance into its excitatory and inhibitory components, we show that concomitant activation of D1-like receptors (D1Rs) and 5-HT1ARs, through a modulation of NMDA receptors, favors long term potentiation (LTP) of both excitation and inhibition and consequently does not modify the E/I balance. We also demonstrate that activation of D2-receptors requires functional 5-HT1ARs to shift the E-I balance towards more inhibition and to favor long term depression (LTD) of excitatory synapses through the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). This cooperation between different neurotransmitters is particularly relevant in view of pathological situations in which alterations of one neurotransmitter system will also have consequences on the regulation of synaptic efficacy by other neurotransmitters. This opens up new perspectives in the development of therapeutic strategies for the pharmacological treatment of neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N J Meunier
- Institut de Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), UMR 91197 CNRS-Université Paris-Saclay Paris, France
| | - Pascal Chameau
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for NeuroScience, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philippe M Fossier
- Institut de Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), UMR 91197 CNRS-Université Paris-Saclay Paris, France
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10
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Wang X, Ma Z, Fu Z, Gao S, Yang L, Jin Y, Sun H, Wang C, Fan W, Chen L, Zheng QY, Bi G, Ma CL. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Protects Neurons From Excitotoxic Death through Inhibition of NMDARs. ASN Neuro 2016; 8:8/2/1759091416642345. [PMID: 27067428 PMCID: PMC4828664 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416642345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive glutamate release causes overactivation of N-methyl d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), leading to excitatory neuronal damage in cerebral ischemia. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a compound extracted from Carthamus tinctorius L., has been reported to exert a neuroprotective effect in many pathological conditions, including brain ischemia. However, the underlying mechanism of HSYA's effect on neurons remains elusive. In the present study, we conducted experiments using patch-clamp recording of mouse hippocampal slices. In addition, we performed Ca2+ imaging, Western blots, as well as mitochondrial-targeted circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein transfection into cultured hippocampal neurons in order to decipher the physiological mechanism underlying HSYA's neuroprotective effect. Through the electrophysiology experiments, we found that HSYA inhibited NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents without affecting α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor and γ-aminobutyric acid A-type receptor-mediated currents. This inhibitory effect of HSYA on NMDARs was concentration dependent. HSYA did not show any preferential inhibition of either N-methyl d-aspartate receptor subtype 2A- or N-methyl d-aspartate receptor subtype 2B- subunit-containing NMDARs. Additionally, HSYA exhibits a facilitatory effect on paired NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents. Furthermore, HSYA reduced the magnitude of NMDAR-mediated membrane depolarization currents evoked by oxygen-glucose deprivation, and suppressed oxygen-glucose deprivation–induced and NMDAR-dependent ischemic long-term potentiation, which is believed to cause severe reperfusion damage after ischemia. Through the molecular biology experiments, we found that HSYA inhibited the NMDA-induced and NMDAR-mediated intracellular Ca2+ concentration increase in hippocampal cultures, reduced apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths, and prevented mitochondrial damage. Together, our data demonstrate for the first time that HSYA protects hippocampal neurons from excitotoxic damage through the inhibition of NMDARs. This novel finding indicates that HSYA may be a promising pharmacological candidate for the treatment of brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China "Brain stroke" Key Lab of Shandong Health Administration Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China Department of Internal Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxiao Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Su Gao
- Department of Internal Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China "Brain stroke" Key Lab of Shandong Health Administration Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China "Brain stroke" Key Lab of Shandong Health Administration Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chaoyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Weiming Fan
- Department of Internal Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qing-Yin Zheng
- Department of Internal Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqiang Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chun-Lei Ma
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China "Brain stroke" Key Lab of Shandong Health Administration Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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11
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Chang CZ, Wu SC. 4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-5-O-Methylvisamminol, A Natural Histone H3 Phosphorylation Epigenetic Suppressor, Exerts a Neuroprotective Effect Through PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway on Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. World Neurosurg 2016; 89:474-88. [PMID: 26868427 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A bursting inflammation has been observed that compromises neurologic function in patients who experience stroke. We sought to examine the neuroprotective efficacy of 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (OGOMV), a novel histone H3 phosphorylation epigenetic suppressor) in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). METHODS A rodent tMCAO model was used. Administration with 400 μg/kg/day OGOMV was initiated 12 hours before (prevention) and 1 hour after animals were subjected to tMCAO (reversal). The cerebral cortex was harvested to examine protein kinase B (PI3D/Akt), 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (Western blot), and caspases (reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction). In addition, cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected to examine interleukin 1-β, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α (reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction). RESULTS Cortical 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and phospho-PI3D/Akt were reduced in tMCAO animals, compared with the healthy controls but increased in the OGOMV treatment and prevention groups. Activated cortical caspase-3,-6, and -9a as well as increased IL-1β and TNF-α levels were observed in the tMCAO animals (P < 0.05). Both prevention and treatment with OGOMV significantly reduced cleaved caspase-3 and -9a groups, but no significant change in caspase-6 was noted. Perifosine, an Akt inhibitor, was added to reduce the bioexpression of phospho-P13D/Akt, and Bcl-2 level and increased cleaved caspase-9a level in both OGOMV prevention and treatment tMCAO groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that OGOMV could exert a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting the P13D/Akt protein, attenuating inflammation, and cleaved caspase-3- and -9a-related apoptosis. This study also lends credence to support the notion that the prevention of OGOMV could attenuate proinflammatory cytokine mRNA and late-onset caspases in tMCAO and merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Zen Chang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chuan Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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12
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Neuroprotection as a Potential Therapeutic Perspective in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on Antiepileptic Drugs. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:340-52. [PMID: 26721507 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotection is conceived as one of the potential tool to prevent or slow neuronal death and hence a therapeutic hope to treat neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Increase of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, inflammatory changes, iron accumulation, and protein aggregation have been identified as main causes of neuronal death and adopted as targets to test experimentally the putative neuroprotective effects of various classes of drugs. Among these agents, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), both the old and the newer generations, have shown to exert protective effects in different experimental models. Their mechanism of action is mediated mainly by modulating the activity of sodium, calcium and potassium channels as well as the glutamatergic and GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid) synapses. Neurological pathologies in which a neuroprotective action of AEDs has been demonstrated in specific experimental models include: cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Although the whole of experimental data indicating that neuroprotection can be achieved is remarkable and encouraging, no firm data have been produced in humans so far and, at the present time, neuroprotection still remains a challenge for the future.
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13
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Chen Z, Hu B, Wang F, Du L, Huang B, Li L, Qi J, Wang X. Glycine bidirectionally regulates ischemic tolerance via different mechanisms including NR2A-dependent CREB phosphorylation. J Neurochem 2015; 133:397-408. [PMID: 25418841 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Division of Vascular Surgery, East Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
- Department of Neurosurgery; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Laboratory of Brain Diseases; College of Basic Medicine; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Bin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation; Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Fuzhou Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology; Affiliated Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Linlin Du
- Laboratory of Brain Diseases; College of Basic Medicine; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Baosheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Lixin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Jia Qi
- Department of Pharmacy; Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, East Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
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14
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Arandarcikaite O, Jokubka R, Borutaite V. Neuroprotective effects of nitric oxide donor NOC-18 against brain ischemia-induced mitochondrial damages: role of PKG and PKC. Neurosci Lett 2015; 586:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Pietrzak B, Zwierzyńska E, Krupa A. A Pharmaco-EEG-Based Assessment of the Interaction Between Ethanol and Zonisamide. Alcohol Alcohol 2014; 49:505-14. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Hoy SM. Zonisamide: a review of its use as adjunctive therapy in the management of partial seizures in pediatric patients aged ≥6 years. Paediatr Drugs 2014; 16:235-46. [PMID: 24668240 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-014-0072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral zonisamide (Zonegran®) is a benzisoxazole derivative chemically unrelated to other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). It is approved in the EU as an adjunct to other AEDs in the treatment of pediatric patients aged ≥6 years with partial seizures, with or without secondary generalization. In a randomized, double-blind, multinational, phase III study in pediatric patients aged 6-17 years with partial seizures, the proportion of patients achieving a ≥50 % reduction from baseline in seizure frequency per 28 days during the maintenance treatment period was significantly higher with adjunctive therapy with zonisamide than placebo. The antiepileptic efficacy of zonisamide was sustained during a 59-week extension study in this patient population. Zonisamide was generally well tolerated in these studies, with the majority of adverse events being mild or moderate in severity. Thus, oral zonisamide as an adjunctive therapy to other AEDs provides a useful option in the treatment of pediatric patients aged ≥6 years with partial seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheridan M Hoy
- Adis, 41 Centorian Drive, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, North Shore, 0754, Auckland, New Zealand,
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17
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Kopecky BJ, Liang R, Bao J. T-type calcium channel blockers as neuroprotective agents. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:757-65. [PMID: 24563219 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are expressed in many diverse tissues, including neuronal, cardiovascular, and endocrine. T-type calcium channels are known to play roles in the development, maintenance, and repair of these tissues but have also been implicated in disease when not properly regulated. Calcium channel blockers have been developed to treat various diseases and their use clinically is widespread due to both their efficacy as well as their safety. Aside from their established clinical applications, recent studies have suggested neuroprotective effects of T-type calcium channel blockers. Many of the current T-type calcium channel blockers could act on other molecular targets besides T-type calcium channels making it uncertain whether their neuroprotective effects are solely due to blocking of T-type calcium channels. In this review, we discuss these drugs as well as newly developed chemical compounds that are designed to be more selective for T-type calcium channels. We review in vitro and in vivo evidence of neuroprotective effects by these T-type calcium channel blockers. We conclude by discussing possible molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects by T-type calcium channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Kopecky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Center for Aging, Washington University School of Medicine, 4560 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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18
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Cossenza M, Socodato R, Portugal CC, Domith ICL, Gladulich LFH, Encarnação TG, Calaza KC, Mendonça HR, Campello-Costa P, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Nitric oxide in the nervous system: biochemical, developmental, and neurobiological aspects. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2014; 96:79-125. [PMID: 25189385 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800254-4.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a very reactive molecule, and its short half-life would make it virtually invisible until its discovery. NO activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), increasing 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels to activate PKGs. Although NO triggers several phosphorylation cascades due to its ability to react with Fe II in heme-containing proteins such as sGC, it also promotes a selective posttranslational modification in cysteine residues by S-nitrosylation, impacting on protein function, stability, and allocation. In the central nervous system (CNS), NO synthesis usually requires a functional coupling of nitric oxide synthase I (NOS I) and proteins such as NMDA receptors or carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of NOS (CAPON), which is critical for specificity and triggering of selected pathways. NO also modulates CREB (cAMP-responsive element-binding protein), ERK, AKT, and Src, with important implications for nerve cell survival and differentiation. Differences in the regulation of neuronal death or survival by NO may be explained by several mechanisms involving localization of NOS isoforms, amount of NO being produced or protein sets being modulated. A number of studies show that NO regulates neurotransmitter release and different aspects of synaptic dynamics, such as differentiation of synaptic specializations, microtubule dynamics, architecture of synaptic protein organization, and modulation of synaptic efficacy. NO has also been associated with synaptogenesis or synapse elimination, and it is required for long-term synaptic modifications taking place in axons or dendrites. In spite of tremendous advances in the knowledge of NO biological effects, a full description of its role in the CNS is far from being completely elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Cossenza
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Socodato
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivan C L Domith
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis F H Gladulich
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thaísa G Encarnação
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karin C Calaza
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Henrique R Mendonça
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Campello-Costa
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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19
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Hoy SM. Zonisamide: A Review of Its Use in the Management of Adults with Partial Seizures. Drugs 2013; 73:1321-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-013-0093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Arcangeli S, Tozzi A, Tantucci M, Spaccatini C, de Iure A, Costa C, Di Filippo M, Picconi B, Giampà C, Fusco FR, Amoroso S, Calabresi P. Ischemic-LTP in striatal spiny neurons of both direct and indirect pathway requires the activation of D1-like receptors and NO/soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP transmission. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:278-86. [PMID: 23149555 PMCID: PMC3564198 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) are highly vulnerable to ischemia. A brief ischemic insult, produced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), can induce ischemic long-term potentiation (i-LTP) of corticostriatal excitatory postsynaptic response. Since nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia and the dopamine D1/D5-receptors (D1-like-R) are expressed in striatal NOS-positive interneurons, we hypothesized a relation between NOS-positive interneurons and striatal i-LTP, involving D1R activation and NO production. We investigated the mechanisms involved in i-LTP induced by OGD in corticostriatal slices and found that the D1-like-R antagonist SCH-23390 prevented i-LTP in all recorded MSNs. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the induction of i-LTP in both substance P-positive, (putative D1R-expressing) and adenosine A2A-receptor-positive (putative D2R-expressing) MSNs. Furthermore, i-LTP was dependent on a NOS/cGMP pathway since pharmacological blockade of NOS, guanylate-cyclase, or PKG prevented i-LTP. However, these compounds failed to prevent i-LTP in the presence of a NO donor or cGMP analog, respectively. Interestingly, the D1-like-R antagonism failed to prevent i-LTP when intracellular cGMP was pharmacologically increased. We propose that NO, produced by striatal NOS-positive interneurons via the stimulation of D1-like-R located on these cells, is critical for i-LTP induction in the entire population of MSNs involving a cGMP-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arcangeli
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
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21
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Liu MY, Zhu LJ, Zhou QG. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is an endogenous negative regulator of glucocorticoid receptor in the hippocampus. Neurol Sci 2012; 34:1167-72. [PMID: 23064802 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-012-1213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is rich in both glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). But the relationship between the two molecules under physiological states remains unrevealed. Here, we report that nNOS knockout mice display increased GR expression in the hippocampus. Both systemic administration of 7-Nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective nNOS activity inhibitor, and selective infusion of 7-NI into the hippocampus resulted in an increase in GR expression in the hippocampus. Moreover, KCl exposure, which can induce overexpression of nNOS, resulted in a decrease in GR protein level in cultured hippocampal neurons. Moreover, blockade of nNOS activity in the hippocampus leads to decreased corticosterone (CORT, glucocorticoids in rodents) concentration in the plasma and reduced corticotrophin-releasing factor expression in the hypothalamus. The results indicate that nNOS is an endogenous inhibitor of GR in the hippocampus and that nNOS in the hippocampus may participate in the modulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis activity via GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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