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Pitoy M, Gauthier L, Debatisse J, Maulavé J, Météreau E, Beaudoin M, Portier K, Sgambato V, Billard T, Zimmer L, Lancelot S, Tremblay L. SB-258585 reduces food motivation while blocking 5-HT 6 receptors in the non-human primate striatum. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110970. [PMID: 38354894 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The interest in new 5-HT₆ agents stems from their ability to modulate cognition processing, food motivation and anxiety-like behaviors. While these findings come primarily from rodent studies, no studies on primates have been published. Furthermore, our understanding of where and how they act in the brain remains limited. Although the striatum is involved in all of these processes and expresses the highest levels of 5-HT₆ receptors, few studies have focused on it. We thus hypothesized that 5-HT6 receptor blockade would influence food motivation and modulate behavioral expression in non-human primates through striatal 5-HT6 receptors. This study thus aimed to determine the effects of acute administration of the SB-258585 selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist on the feeding motivation and behaviors of six male macaques. Additionally, we investigated potential 5-HT6 targets using PET imaging to measure 5-HT6 receptor occupancy throughout the brain and striatal subregions. We used a food-choice task paired with spontaneous behavioral observations, checking 5-HT6 receptor occupancy with the specific PET imaging [18F]2FNQ1P radioligand. We demonstrated, for the first time in non-human primates, that modulation of 5-HT6 transmission, most likely through the striatum (the putamen and caudate nucleus), significantly reduces food motivation while exhibiting variable, weaker effects on behavior. While these results are consistent with the literature showing a decrease in food intake in rodents and proposing that 5-HT6 receptor antagonists can be used in obesity treatment, they question the antagonists' anxiolytic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Pitoy
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 3 Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France.
| | - Lisa Gauthier
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Justine Debatisse
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Maulavé
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elise Météreau
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 3 Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Maude Beaudoin
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Karine Portier
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, CREFAC, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; UCBL, CNRS, INSERM, CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Trajectoire, Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Véronique Sgambato
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Luc Zimmer
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 3 Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France; CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Sophie Lancelot
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 3 Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France; CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Léon Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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Becker G, Debatisse J, Rivière M, Crola Da Silva C, Beaudoin-Gobert M, Eker O, Wateau O, Cho TH, Wiart M, Tremblay L, Costes N, Mérida I, Redouté J, Léon C, Langlois JB, Le Bars D, Lancelot S, Nighoghossian N, Mechtouff L, Canet-Soulas E. Spatio-Temporal Characterization of Brain Inflammation in a Non-human Primate Stroke Model Mimicking Endovascular Thrombectomy. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:789-802. [PMID: 36976495 PMCID: PMC10275847 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion therapies in acute ischemic stroke have demonstrated their efficacy in promoting clinical recovery. However, ischemia/reperfusion injury and related inflammation remain a major challenge in patient clinical management. We evaluated the spatio-temporal evolution of inflammation using sequential clinical [11C]PK11195 PET-MRI in a non-human primate (NHP) stroke model mimicking endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) with a neuroprotective cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment. The NHP underwent a 110-min transient endovascular middle cerebral artery occlusion. We acquired [11C]PK11195 dynamic PET-MR imaging at baseline, 7 and 30 days after intervention. Individual voxel-wise analysis was performed thanks to a baseline scan database. We quantified [11C]PK11195 in anatomical regions and in lesioned areas defined on per-occlusion MR diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion [15O2]H2OPET imaging. [11C]PK11195 parametric maps showed a clear uptake overlapping the lesion core at D7, which further increased at D30. Voxel-wise analysis identified individuals with significant inflammation at D30, with voxels located within the most severe diffusion reduction area during occlusion, mainly in the putamen. The quantitative analysis revealed that thalamic inflammation lasted until D30 and was significantly reduced in the CsA-treated group compared to the placebo. In conclusion, we showed that chronic inflammation matched ADC decrease at occlusion time, a region exposed to an initial burst of damage-associated molecular patterns, in an NHP stroke model mimicking EVT. We described secondary thalamic inflammation and the protective effect of CsA in this region. We propose that major ADC drop in the putamen during occlusion may identify individuals who could benefit from early personalized treatment targeting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Becker
- CarMeN Laboratory, INRAE U1397, INSERM U1060, Groupement Hospitalier Est, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Lyon, Bron, France.
| | - Justine Debatisse
- CarMeN Laboratory, INRAE U1397, INSERM U1060, Groupement Hospitalier Est, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Margaux Rivière
- CarMeN Laboratory, INRAE U1397, INSERM U1060, Groupement Hospitalier Est, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Claire Crola Da Silva
- CarMeN Laboratory, INRAE U1397, INSERM U1060, Groupement Hospitalier Est, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Maude Beaudoin-Gobert
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, UMR5295, INSERM U1028, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Omer Eker
- UMR-5220, CREATIS, CNRS, INSERM U1206, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
- , Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Tae Hee Cho
- CarMeN Laboratory, INRAE U1397, INSERM U1060, Groupement Hospitalier Est, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Lyon, Bron, France
- , Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marlène Wiart
- CarMeN Laboratory, INRAE U1397, INSERM U1060, Groupement Hospitalier Est, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Léon Tremblay
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, CNRS UMR5229, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Christelle Léon
- CarMeN Laboratory, INRAE U1397, INSERM U1060, Groupement Hospitalier Est, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Lyon, Bron, France
| | | | - Didier Le Bars
- , Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CERMEP, Lyon, France
| | | | - Norbert Nighoghossian
- CarMeN Laboratory, INRAE U1397, INSERM U1060, Groupement Hospitalier Est, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Lyon, Bron, France
- , Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Mechtouff
- CarMeN Laboratory, INRAE U1397, INSERM U1060, Groupement Hospitalier Est, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Lyon, Bron, France
- , Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- CarMeN Laboratory, INRAE U1397, INSERM U1060, Groupement Hospitalier Est, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Lyon, Bron, France
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Ouyang F, Chen X, Liang J, Li J, Jiang Z, Chen Y, Yan Z, Zeng J, Xing S. Population-Average Brain Templates and Application to Automated Voxel-Wise Analysis Pipelines for Cynomolgus Macaque. Neuroinformatics 2022; 20:613-626. [PMID: 34523062 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-021-09545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The growing number of neuroimaging studies of cynomolgus macaques require extending existing templates to facilitate species-specific application of voxel-wise neuroimaging methodologies. This study aimed to create population-averaged structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) templates for the cynomolgus macaques and apply the templates in fully automated voxel-wise analyses. We presented the development of symmetric and asymmetric MRI and DTI templates from a sample of 63 young male cynomolgus monkeys with the use of optimized template creation approaches. We also generated the associated average tissue probability maps and Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration using Exponentiated Lie Algebra templates for use with the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM), as well as the average fractional anisotropy/skeleton targets for incorporation into tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) framework. Both asymmetric and symmetric templates in a standardized coordinate space demonstrated low bias and high contrast. Fully automated processing using SPM was accomplished for all native MRI datasets and demonstrated outstanding performance regarding skull-stripping, segmentation, and normalization when using the MRI templates. Automated normalization to the DTI template was excellently achieved for all native DTI images using the TBSS pipeline. The cynomolgus MRI and DTI templates are anticipated to provide a common platform for precise single-subject data analysis and facilitate comparison of neuroimaging findings in cynomolgus monkeys across studies and sites. It is also hoped that the procedures of template creation and fully-automated voxel-wise frameworks will provide a straightforward avenue for investigating brain function, development, and neuro-psychopathological disorders in non-human primate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubing Ouyang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinran Chen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianle Li
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zimu Jiang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yicong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhicong Yan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jinsheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Shihui Xing
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Kim R, Shin JH, Park S, Kim HJ, Jeon B. Longitudinal evolution of non-motor symptoms according to age at onset in early Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2020; 418:117157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ventral striatum supports Methylphenidate therapeutic effects on impulsive choices expressed in temporal discounting task. Sci Rep 2020; 10:716. [PMID: 31959838 PMCID: PMC6971276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD). ADHD patients make impulsive choices in delay discounting tasks (DDT) and MPH reduces such impulsivity, but its therapeutic site of action remains unknown. Based on the high density of DAT in the striatum, we hypothesized that the striatum, especially the ventral striatum (VS) and caudate nucleus which both encode temporal discounting, can be preferential MPH action sites. To determine whether one of these striatal territories is predominantly involved in the effect of MPH, we trained monkeys to make choices during DDT. First, consistent with clinical observations, we found an overall reduction of impulsive choices with a low dose of MPH administered via intramuscular injections, whereas we reported sedative-like effects with a higher dose. Then, using PET-imaging, we found that the therapeutic reduction of impulsive choices was associated with selective DAT occupancy of MPH in the VS. Finally, we confirmed the selective involvement of the VS in the effect of MPH by testing the animals’ impulsivity with microinjections of the drug in distinct striatal territories. Together, these results show that the therapeutic effect of MPH on impulsive decisions is mainly restricted to its action in the VS.
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Martinez E, Pasquereau B, Saga Y, Météreau É, Tremblay L. The anterior caudate nucleus supports impulsive choices triggered by pramipexole. Mov Disord 2019; 35:296-305. [PMID: 31737954 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pramipexole is a dopamine agonist used as a treatment in PD and restless legs syndrome to reduce motor symptoms, but it often induces impulse control disorders. In particular, patients with impulse control disorders tend to make more impulsive choices in the delay discounting task, that is, they choose small immediate rewards over larger delayed ones more often than patients without impulse control disorders and healthy subjects do. Yet the site of action of pramipexole that produces these impulsive choices remains unknown. Based on the heterogeneity of corticostriatal projections and the massive dopamine innervation of the striatum, we hypothesized that impulsive choices triggered by dopamine treatments may be supported by a specific striatal territory. OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine by which anteriorstriatum territory the Pramipexole trigger impulsive choices; the caudate nucleus, the ventral striatum or the putamen. METHODS We compared pramipexole intramuscular injections to intracerebral microinjections within the three striatal territories in healthy monkeys trained to execute the delay discounting task, a behavioral paradigm typically used to evaluate impulsive choices. RESULTS We found that pramipexole intramuscular injections induced impulsive choices in all monkeys. Local microinjections were performed inside the anterior caudate nucleus, ventral striatum, and anterior putamen and reproduced those impulsive choices when pramipexole was directly injected into the caudate nucleus, whereas injections into the ventral striatum or putamen had no effect on monkeys' choices. CONCLUSIONS These results, consistent with clinical studies, suggest that impulsive choices triggered by pramipexole are supported by the caudate nucleus, allowing us to emphasize the importance of dopamine modulation inside this striatal territory in decision processes underlying impulsive behaviors. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martinez
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229, Bron, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Yosuke Saga
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229, Bron, France
| | - Élise Météreau
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229, Bron, France
| | - Léon Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229, Bron, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Jiménez-Sánchez L, Blesa J, Del Rey NL, Monje MHG, Obeso JA, Cavada C. Serotonergic innervation of the striatum in a nonhuman primate model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2019; 170:107806. [PMID: 31589886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and dopamine depletion in the striatum. Non-dopaminergic systems are also affected, including the serotonergic system. Enhanced striatal serotonergic innervation is a proposed compensatory mechanism for the dopaminergic deficit. Meanwhile a serotonergic deficit has been suggested as preceding the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathology in PD. Our aim was to assess the serotonergic innervation of the striatum in a model of progressive experimental parkinsonism in macaques, from pre-symptomatic to symptomatic stages. The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was administered to adult macaque monkeys using a slow intoxication protocol. The intoxicated animals were classified into asymptomatic, recovered, moderate and severe parkinsonian, based on their motor behavior. The serotonergic innervation was studied by immunohistochemistry against serotonin (5-HT). In the striatum, the density of 5-HT-immunoreactive (5-HT+) axons was estimated with stereology. Images of the striatum in the immunostained sections were taken to compare the distribution patterns of the serotonergic innervation between groups. These patterns were apparently similar among the groups. Axonal density estimations showed no differences in striatal 5-HT+ innervation between the intoxicated groups and the control group. Accordingly, this study fails to find significant changes in the striatal serotonergic axonal innervation in MPTP-treated monkeys, coinciding with previous biochemical findings in our model. However, it is possible that alterations in the serotonergic system in PD could be independent of axonal density changes. Consequently, the proposed role for striatal serotonin serving as a compensatory mechanism for dopaminergic denervation merits further study. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Serotonin Research: Crossing Scales and Boundaries'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia L Del Rey
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana H G Monje
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Obeso
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cavada
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Chung SJ, Yoo HS, Lee YH, Lee PH, Sohn YH. Heterogeneous Patterns of Striatal Dopamine Loss in Patients with Young- versus Old-Onset Parkinson's Disease: Impact on Clinical Features. J Mov Disord 2019; 12:113-119. [PMID: 31158944 PMCID: PMC6547040 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.18064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Ample evidence has suggested that age at onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with heterogeneous clinical features in individuals. We hypothesized that this may be attributed to different patterns of nigrostriatal dopamine loss. Methods A total of 205 consecutive patients with de novo PD who underwent 18F-FP-CIT PET scans (mean follow-up duration, 6.31 years) were divided into three tertile groups according to their age at onset of parkinsonian motor symptoms. Striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability was compared between the old- (n = 73) and young-onset (n = 66) groups. In addition, the risk of developing freezing of gait (FOG) and longitudinal requirements for dopaminergic medications were examined. Results The old-onset PD group (mean age at onset, 72.66 years) exhibited more severe parkinsonian motor signs than the young-onset group (52.58 years), despite comparable DAT availability in the posterior putamen; moreover, the old-onset group exhibited more severely decreased DAT availability in the caudate than the young-onset group. A Cox regression model revealed that the old-onset PD group had a higher risk for developing FOG than the young-onset group [hazard ratio 2.523, 95% confidence interval (1.239–5.140)]. The old-onset group required higher doses of dopaminergic medications for symptom control than the young-onset group over time. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the old-onset PD group exhibited more severe dopamine loss in the caudate and were more likely to develop gait freezing, suggesting that age at onset may be one of the major determinants of the pattern of striatal dopamine depletion and progression of gait disturbance in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Seo J, Lee Y, Kim BS, Park J, Yang S, Yoon HJ, Yoo J, Park HS, Hong JJ, Koo BS, Baek SH, Jeon CY, Huh JW, Kim YH, Park SJ, Won J, Ahn YJ, Kim K, Jeong KJ, Kang P, Lee DS, Lim SM, Jin YB, Lee SR. A non-human primate model for stable chronic Parkinson's disease induced by MPTP administration based on individual behavioral quantification. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 311:277-287. [PMID: 30391524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The guidelines for applying individual adjustments to macaques according to the severity of behavioral symptoms during 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment were provided to reproduce stable chronic Parkinsonism in a recent study (Potts et al., 2014). But, since there are insufficient guidelines regarding objective severity criteria of individual symptoms for adjustments of MPTP treatment, it is difficult to develop MPTP-induced chronic non-human primate (NHP) models with stable symptoms. NEW METHOD The individual adjustments of MPTP administration based on results of automatic quantification of global activity (GA) using a video-based tracking system were applied to develop MPTP-PD model. Low-dose (0.2 mg/kg) intramuscular injection was repeated continuously until GA was lower than 8% of baseline Parkinsonian behavior scores. The positron emission tomography imaging were used to follow the longitudinal course of Parkinson's disease (PD). RESULTS Significant reductions in GA and dopamine transporter activity, along with significant increases in Parkinsonian behavior scores were found from 4 to 48 weeks following the first administration. GA was correlated with the Parkinsonian behavior score. The dopamine transporter activity was correlated with GA and the Parkinsonian behavior score. However, it was not correlated with the total dose of MPTP. Damage of dopaminergic neuronal systems in the basal ganglia was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD This study reinforces previous guidelines regarding production of NHP models with stable Parkinsonian symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This novel strategy of MPTP administration based on global activity evaluations provides an important conceptual advance for the development of chronic NHP Parkinsonian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheol Seo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyung Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Jeon Yoon
- Department of Nuclear medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Yoo
- Department of Nuclear medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Jeon
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Je Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Won
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Ahn
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonwoo Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Philyong Kang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Mee Lim
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Gagnon D, Eid L, Coudé D, Whissel C, Di Paolo T, Parent A, Parent M. Evidence for Sprouting of Dopamine and Serotonin Axons in the Pallidum of Parkinsonian Monkeys. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:38. [PMID: 29867377 PMCID: PMC5963193 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This light and electron microscopie immunohistochemical quantitative study aimed at determining the state of the dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) innervations of the internal (GPi) and external (GPe) segments of the pallidum in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) rendered parkinsonian by systemic injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). In contrast to the prominent DA denervation of striatum, the GPi in MPTP monkeys was found to be markedly enriched in DA (TH+) axon varicosities. The posterior sensorimotor region of this major output structure of the basal ganglia was about 8 times more intensely innervated in MPTP monkeys (0.71 ± 0.08 × 106 TH+ axon varicosities/mm3) than in controls (0.09 ± 0.01 × 106). MPTP intoxication also induced a two-fold increase in the density of 5-HT (SERT+) axon varicosities in both GPe and GPi. This augmentation was particularly pronounced anteriorly in the so-called associative and limbic pallidal territories. The total length of the labeled pallidal axons was also significantly increased in MPTP monkeys compared to controls, but the number of DA and 5-HT axon varicosities per axon length unit remained the same in the two groups, indicating that the DA and 5-HT pallidal hyperinnervations seen in MPTP monkeys result from axon sprouting rather than from the appearance of newly formed axon varicosities on non-growing axons. At the ultrastructural level, pallidal TH+ and SERT+ axons were morphologically similar in MPTP and controls, and their synaptic incidence was very low suggesting a volumic mode of transmission. Altogether, our data reveal a significant sprouting of DA and 5-HT pallidal afferents in parkinsonian monkeys, the functional significance of which remains to be determined. We suggest that the marked DA hyperinnervation of the GPi represents a neuroadaptive change designed to normalize pallidal firing patterns associated with the delayed appearance of motor symptoms, whereas the 5-HT hyperinnervation might be involved in the early expression of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Gagnon
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lara Eid
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Dymka Coudé
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Carl Whissel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - André Parent
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Parent
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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11
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Blesa J, Trigo-Damas I, Dileone M, Del Rey NLG, Hernandez LF, Obeso JA. Compensatory mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Circuits adaptations and role in disease modification. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:148-161. [PMID: 28987461 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) are well known to manifest only when striatal dopaminergic deficit reaches 60-70%. Thus, PD has a long pre-symptomatic and pre-motor evolution during which compensatory mechanisms take place to delay the clinical onset of disabling manifestations. Classic compensatory mechanisms have been attributed to changes and adjustments in the nigro-striatal system, such as increased neuronal activity in the substantia nigra pars compacta and enhanced dopamine synthesis and release in the striatum. However, it is not so clear currently that such changes occur early enough to account for the pre-symptomatic period. Other possible mechanisms relate to changes in basal ganglia and motor cortical circuits including the cerebellum. However, data from early PD patients are difficult to obtain as most studies have been carried out once the diagnosis and treatments have been established. Likewise, putative compensatory mechanisms taking place throughout disease evolution are nearly impossible to distinguish by themselves. Here, we review the evidence for the role of the best known and other possible compensatory mechanisms in PD. We also discuss the possibility that, although beneficial in practical terms, compensation could also play a deleterious role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inés Trigo-Damas
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Dileone
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Lopez-Gonzalez Del Rey
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ledia F Hernandez
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Obeso
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Saga Y, Hoshi E, Tremblay L. Roles of Multiple Globus Pallidus Territories of Monkeys and Humans in Motivation, Cognition and Action: An Anatomical, Physiological and Pathophysiological Review. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:30. [PMID: 28442999 PMCID: PMC5385466 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The globus pallidus (GP) communicates with widespread cortical areas that support various functions, including motivation, cognition and action. Anatomical tract-tracing studies revealed that the anteroventral GP communicates with the medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, which are involved in motivational control; the anterodorsal GP communicates with the lateral prefrontal cortex, which is involved in cognitive control; and the posterior GP communicates with the frontal motor cortex, which is involved in action control. This organization suggests that distinct subdivisions within the GP play specific roles. Neurophysiological studies examining GP neurons in monkeys during behavior revealed that the types of information coding performed within these subdivisions differ greatly. The anteroventral GP is characterized by activities related to motivation, such as reward seeking and aversive avoidance; the anterodorsal GP is characterized by activity that reflects cognition, such as goal decision and action selection; and the posterior GP is characterized by activity associated with action preparation and execution. Pathophysiological studies have shown that GABA-related substances or GP lesions result in abnormal activity in the GP, which causes site-specific behavioral and motor symptoms. The present review article discusses the anatomical organization, physiology and pathophysiology of the three major GP territories in nonhuman primates and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Saga
- Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRSBron, France
| | - Eiji Hoshi
- Frontal Lobe Function Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and DevelopmentTokyo, Japan
| | - Léon Tremblay
- Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRSBron, France
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Dopamine and serotonin modulation of motor and non-motor functions of the non-human primate striato-pallidal circuits in normal and pathological states. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:485-500. [PMID: 28176009 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to the non-human primate (NHP), we have shown that the pharmacological disturbance of the anterior striatum or of external globus pallidus triggers a set of motivation and movement disorders, depending on the functional subterritory involved. One can, therefore, assume that the aberrant activity of the different subterritories of basal ganglia (BG) could lead to different behavioral disorders in neuropsychiatric disorders as Tourette's syndrome and Parkinson's disease. We are now addressing in the NHP the impact of modulating dopamine or serotonin within the BG on behavioral disorders. Indeed, we have shown a prominent role of serotonergic degeneration within the ventral striatum and caudate nucleus in neuropsychiatric symptoms in de novo PD patients. Of note, the serotonergic modulation of these BG regions in the NHP plays also a critical role in the induction or treatment of behavioral disorders. Given that both dopamine and serotonin are targeted to treat neuropsychiatric disorders, we are studying the effects of modulating dopamine and serotonin transporters in the different territories of the striatum, and more particularly within the ventral striatum on decision-making processing at both behavioral and neuronal levels. Finally, we evidence the need to extend the pharmacological approach to the receptors of these two neuromodulator systems as the use of substances targeting receptor subtypes preferentially localized in the associative and limbic territories of BG could be very effective to specifically improve the behavioral disorders in Parkinson's disease, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome but also in several psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, anorexia, or impulse control disorders.
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Imaging Dopamine and Serotonin Systems on MPTP Monkeys: A Longitudinal PET Investigation of Compensatory Mechanisms. J Neurosci 2016; 36:1577-89. [PMID: 26843639 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2010-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED It is now widely accepted that compensatory mechanisms are involved during the early phase of Parkinson's disease (PD) to delay the expression of motor symptoms. However, the neurochemical mechanisms underlying this presymptomatic period are still unclear. Here, we measured in vivo longitudinal changes of both the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in seven asymptomatic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated monkeys (when motor symptoms are less apparent) using PET. We used the progressively MPTP-intoxicated monkey model that expresses recovery from motor symptoms to study the changes in dopamine synthesis ([(18)F]DOPA), dopamine D2/D3 receptors ([(11)C]raclopride), and serotonin transporter (11)C-N,N-dimethyl-2-(-2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio) benzylamine ([(11)C]DASB) and serotonin 1A receptor ([(18)F]MPPF) levels between four different states (baseline, early symptomatic, full symptomatic and recovered). During the early symptomatic state, we observed increases of [(18)F]DOPA uptake in the anterior putamen, [(11)C]raclopride binding in the posterior striatum, and 2'-methoxyphenyl-(N-2'-pyridinyl)-p-[(18)F]fluoro-benzamidoethylpiperazine [(18)F]MPPF uptake in the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal ACC. After recovery from motor symptoms, the results mainly showed decreased [(11)C]raclopride binding in the anterior striatum and limbic ACC. In addition, our findings supported the importance of pallidal dopaminergic neurotransmission in both the early compensatory mechanisms and the functional recovery mechanisms, with reduced aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) activity closely related to the appearance or perseveration of motor symptoms. In parallel, this study provides preliminary evidence of the role of the serotonergic system in compensatory mechanisms. Nonetheless, future studies are needed to determine whether there are changes in SERT availability in the early symptomatic state and if [(18)F]MPPF PET imaging might be a promising biomarker of early degenerative changes in PD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The present research provides evidence of the potential of combining a multitracer PET imaging technique and a longitudinal protocol applied on a progressively 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-intoxicated monkey model to further elucidate the nature of the compensatory mechanisms involved in the preclinical period of Parkinson's disease (PD). In particular, by investigating the dopaminergic and serotonergic changes both presynaptically and postsynaptically at four different motor states (baseline, early symptomatic, full symptomatic, and recovered), this study has allowed us to identify putative biomarkers for future therapeutic interventions to prevent and/or delay disease expression. For example, our findings suggest that the external pallidum could be a new target for cell-based therapies to reduce PD symptoms.
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Beaudoin-Gobert M, Epinat J, Météreau E, Duperrier S, Neumane S, Ballanger B, Lavenne F, Liger F, Tourvielle C, Bonnefoi F, Costes N, Bars DL, Broussolle E, Thobois S, Tremblay L, Sgambato-Faure V. Behavioural impact of a double dopaminergic and serotonergic lesion in the non-human primate. Brain 2015; 138:2632-47. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Lei X, Li H, Huang B, Rizak J, Li L, Xu L, Liu L, Wu J, Lü L, Wang Z, Hu Y, Le W, Deng X, Li J, Yao Y, Xu L, Hu X, Zhang B. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium stereotactic infusion completely and specifically ablated the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in rhesus macaque. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127953. [PMID: 26010745 PMCID: PMC4444358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Complete and specific ablation of a single dopaminergic (DA) pathway is a critical step to distinguish the roles of DA pathways in vivo. However, this kind of technique has not been reported in non-human primates. This study aimed to establish a lesioning method with a complete and specific ablation. Method A carefully designed infusion route based on a MRI stereotactic technique was developed to deliver the highly selective dopaminergic toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) unilaterally into multiple sites of compact part of substantia nigra (SNc) and striatum in monkeys. The nigrostriatal DA pathway was selected because lesioning of this pathway may induce symptoms that are suitable for evaluation. The pathological, behavioral, neuropharmacological, and clinical laboratorial data were collected to evaluate the lesioning effects. Result Pathological examination revealed a complete ablation of tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) neurons in the SNc, while preserving intact TH+ neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) nearby. TH+ projections in the striatum were also unilaterally lost. The monkeys displayed stable (>28 weeks) rotations and symptoms which were expected with loss of DA neurons in the SNc, with rest tremor being an exception. No item implied the presence of a severe side effect caused by the operation or the intracerebral MPP+ infusion. The results suggested that rest tremor may not directly rely on the nigrostriatal pathway. Conclusion Taken together, in addition to providing a specific nigrostriatal DA lesioned model, this method, combined with brain stimulation or other techniques, can be applied as a powerful tool for the complete lesion of any desired DA pathway in order to study its specific functions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Lei
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baihui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joshua Rizak
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Medical Imaging Department, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liqi Xu
- Medical Imaging Department, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Medical Imaging Department, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Longbao Lü
- Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhengbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingzhou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingli Deng
- Neurosurgery Department, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yonggang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XH); (BZ)
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (XH); (BZ)
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Tremblay L, Worbe Y, Thobois S, Sgambato-Faure V, Féger J. Selective dysfunction of basal ganglia subterritories: From movement to behavioral disorders. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1155-70. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Léon Tremblay
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives-UMR 5229; CNRS-Université de Lyon 1; Bron France
| | - Yulia Worbe
- UPMC Université Paris 6, UMR-S975, CRICM-Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Paris France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives-UMR 5229; CNRS-Université de Lyon 1; Bron France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hopital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Neurologie C; Lyon France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux; Lyon France
| | | | - Jean Féger
- UPMC Université Paris 6, UMR-S975, CRICM-Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Paris France
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18
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Durand E, Petit O, Tremblay L, Zimmer C, Sgambato-Faure V, Chassain C, Laurent M, Pereira B, Silberberg C, Durif F. Social behavioral changes in MPTP-treated monkey model of Parkinson's disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:42. [PMID: 25767440 PMCID: PMC4341564 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinsonian patients experience not only the physical discomfort of motor disorders but also the considerable psychological distress caused by cognitive deficits and behavioral disorders. These two factors can result in a disruption of social relationships during the symptomatic and even the presymptomatic motor states of the disease. However, it remains difficult, if not impossible, to evaluate social relationships in presymptomatic patients. The present study focused on the evaluation of social relationships within a group of female long-tailed macaques during presymptomatic and symptomatic motor states induced by Chronic Low-Dose (CLD) and then Chronic High-Dose (CHD) systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Dopaminergic denervation within basal ganglia and cortical areas was evaluated using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans with (18)F-DOPA (6-[18F]-fluoro-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) radiotracer. Interestingly, social behavioral changes could be identified in the presymptomatic motor state before any motor and/or cognitive impairment occurred. Stronger effects were observed in subordinate animals compared to dominant animals. From baseline state to CLD-presymptomatic motor state, the frequency of emitted affiliative and aggressive behaviors increased. From CLD-presymptomatic to CHD-presymptomatic motor states, the frequency of the three categories of social behaviors (aggressive, submissive and affiliative) decreased. At this time, quantitative data analysis in PET scans highlighted a dopaminergic denervation in the insula and the posterior caudate nucleus. Finally, the frequency of the three categories of social behaviors decreased during the stable-symptomatic motor state compared to baseline and presymptomatic motor states; this was also associated with motor and cognitive disorders and a dopaminergic denervation in all the evaluated cortical and subcortical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Durand
- Université d'Auvergne Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, EA 7280 (NPsy-Sydo)Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Odile Petit
- Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178, CNRS-UDSStrasbourg, France
| | - Léon Tremblay
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229 CNRS-Université Lyon 1Bron, France
| | - Cédric Zimmer
- Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178, CNRS-UDSStrasbourg, France
| | | | - Carine Chassain
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Gabriel MontpiedClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marlène Laurent
- Université d'Auvergne Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, EA 7280 (NPsy-Sydo)Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Gabriel MontpiedClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Silberberg
- Université d'Auvergne Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, EA 7280 (NPsy-Sydo)Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Franck Durif
- Université d'Auvergne Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, EA 7280 (NPsy-Sydo)Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Huot P, Fox SH, Brotchie JM. Monoamine reuptake inhibitors in Parkinson's disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2015; 2015:609428. [PMID: 25810948 PMCID: PMC4355567 DOI: 10.1155/2015/609428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) are secondary to a dopamine deficiency in the striatum. However, the degenerative process in PD is not limited to the dopaminergic system and also affects serotonergic and noradrenergic neurons. Because they can increase monoamine levels throughout the brain, monoamine reuptake inhibitors (MAUIs) represent potential therapeutic agents in PD. However, they are seldom used in clinical practice other than as antidepressants and wake-promoting agents. This review article summarises all of the available literature on use of 50 MAUIs in PD. The compounds are divided according to their relative potency for each of the monoamine transporters. Despite wide discrepancy in the methodology of the studies reviewed, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) selective serotonin transporter (SERT), selective noradrenaline transporter (NET), and dual SERT/NET inhibitors are effective against PD depression; (2) selective dopamine transporter (DAT) and dual DAT/NET inhibitors exert an anti-Parkinsonian effect when administered as monotherapy but do not enhance the anti-Parkinsonian actions of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA); (3) dual DAT/SERT inhibitors might enhance the anti-Parkinsonian actions of L-DOPA without worsening dyskinesia; (4) triple DAT/NET/SERT inhibitors might exert an anti-Parkinsonian action as monotherapy and might enhance the anti-Parkinsonian effects of L-DOPA, though at the expense of worsening dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Huot
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
- Division of Neurology, Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan H. Fox
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
- Division of Neurology, Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Jonathan M. Brotchie
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
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Sgambato-Faure V, Worbe Y, Epinat J, Féger J, Tremblay L. Cortico-basal ganglia circuits involved in different motivation disorders in non-human primates. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:345-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Vezoli J, Dzahini K, Costes N, Wilson CRE, Fifel K, Cooper HM, Kennedy H, Procyk E. Increased DAT binding in the early stage of the dopaminergic lesion: a longitudinal [11C]PE2I binding study in the MPTP-monkey. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:249-61. [PMID: 25108180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The delayed appearance of motor symptoms in PD poses a crucial challenge for early detection of the disease. We measured the binding potential of the selective dopamine active transporter (DAT) radiotracer [(11)C]PE2I in MPTP-treated macaque monkeys, thus establishing a detailed profile of the nigrostriatal DA status following MPTP intoxication and its relation to induced motor and non-motor symptoms. Clinical score and cognitive performance were followed throughout the study. We measured longitudinally in vivo the non-displaceable binding potential to DAT in premotor, motor-recovered (i.e. both non-symptomatic) and symptomatic MPTP-treated monkeys. Results show an unexpected and pronounced dissociation between clinical scores and [(11)C]PE2I-BP(ND) during the premotor phase i.e. DAT binding in the striatum of premotor animals was increased around 20%. Importantly, this broad increase of DAT binding in the caudate, ventral striatum and anterior putamen was accompanied by i) deteriorated cognitive performance, showing a likely causal role of the observed hyperdopaminergic state (Cools, 2011; Cools and D'Esposito, 2011) and ii) an asymmetric decrease of DAT binding at a focal point of the posterior putamen, suggesting that increased DAT is one of the earliest, intrinsic compensatory mechanisms. Following spontaneous recovery from motor deficits, DAT binding was greatly reduced as recently shown in-vivo with other radiotracers (Blesa et al., 2010, 2012). Finally, high clinical scores were correlated to considerably low levels of DAT only after the induction of a stable parkinsonian state. We additionally show that the only striatal region which was significantly correlated to the degree of motor impairments is the ventral striatum. Further research on this period should allow better understanding of DA compensation at premature stages of PD and potentially identify new diagnosis and therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vezoli
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France.
| | - Kwamivi Dzahini
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France; Primastem (LifeStemCells), Bron, France
| | | | - Charles R E Wilson
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Karim Fifel
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Howard M Cooper
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Henry Kennedy
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
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22
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Alteration of daily and circadian rhythms following dopamine depletion in MPTP treated non-human primates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86240. [PMID: 24465981 PMCID: PMC3900505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances of the daily sleep/wake cycle are common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the impact of dopamine (DA) depletion on circadian rhythms in PD patients or non-human primate (NHP) models of the disorder have not been investigated. We evaluated alterations of circadian rhythms in NHP following MPTP lesion of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal system. DA degeneration was assessed by in vivo PET ([(11)C]-PE2I) and post-mortem TH and DAT quantification. In a light∶dark cycle, control and MPTP-treated NHP both exhibit rest-wake locomotor rhythms, although DA-depleted NHP show reduced amplitude, decreased stability and increased fragmentation. In all animals, 6-sulphatoxymelatonin peaks at night and cortisol in early morning. When the circadian system is challenged by exposure to constant light, controls retain locomotor rest-wake and hormonal rhythms that free-run with stable phase relationships whereas in the DA-depleted NHP, locomotor rhythms are severely disturbed or completely abolished. The amplitude and phase relations of hormonal rhythms nevertheless remain unaltered. Use of a light-dark masking paradigm shows that expression of daily rest-wake activity in MPTP monkeys requires the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of light and darkness. These results suggest that following DA lesion, the central clock in the SCN remains intact but, in the absence of environmental timing cues, is unable to drive downstream rhythmic processes of striatal clock gene and dopaminergic functions that control locomotor output. These findings suggest that the circadian component of the sleep-wake disturbances in PD is more profoundly affected than previously assumed.
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Wang H, Chen XY, Chen WF, Xue Y, Wei L, Chen L. Anticataleptic effects of 5-HT(1B) receptors in the globus pallidus. Neurosci Res 2013; 77:162-9. [PMID: 24045116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The globus pallidus occupies an important position in the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia. Being a monoamine neurotransmitter, 5-HT is involved in mediating many physiological functions and pathophysiological processes in several movement disorders. Morphological studies have revealed that the globus pallidus receives serotonergic innervation arising from the raphe nuclei, mainly the dorsal raphe nucleus. A high level of 5-HT and 5-HT(1B) receptors were detected in the globus pallidus. In the present study, bilateral microinjection of 5-HT or 5-HT(1B) receptor agonist, CP-93129, into the globus pallidus significantly alleviated the symptoms of rigidity caused by haloperidol. To further elucidate 5-HT(1B) receptor-induced anticatalepsy, in vivo extracellular recordings were performed to examine the effects of 5-HT(1B) receptor activation on the firing activity of the globus pallidus neurons under the presence of haloperidol. Micro-pressure ejection of 5-HT or CP-93129 increased the spontaneous firing rate of the pallidal neurons. Furthermore, by using immunohistochemistry, positive staining of 5-HT(1B) receptor was observed in the globus pallidus neurons. Taken together, the present findings provide evidence that activation of 5-HT(1B) receptor may exert anticataleptic effects by increasing the activity of pallidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
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Ballanger B, Tremblay L, Sgambato-Faure V, Beaudoin-Gobert M, Lavenne F, Le Bars D, Costes N. A multi-atlas based method for automated anatomical Macaca fascicularis brain MRI segmentation and PET kinetic extraction. Neuroimage 2013; 77:26-43. [PMID: 23537938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED MRI templates and digital atlases are needed for automated and reproducible quantitative analysis of non-human primate PET studies. Segmenting brain images via multiple atlases outperforms single-atlas labelling in humans. We present a set of atlases manually delineated on brain MRI scans of the monkey Macaca fascicularis. We use this multi-atlas dataset to evaluate two automated methods in terms of accuracy, robustness and reliability in segmenting brain structures on MRI and extracting regional PET measures. METHODS Twelve individual Macaca fascicularis high-resolution 3DT1 MR images were acquired. Four individual atlases were created by manually drawing 42 anatomical structures, including cortical and sub-cortical structures, white matter regions, and ventricles. To create the MRI template, we first chose one MRI to define a reference space, and then performed a two-step iterative procedure: affine registration of individual MRIs to the reference MRI, followed by averaging of the twelve resampled MRIs. Automated segmentation in native space was obtained in two ways: 1) Maximum probability atlases were created by decision fusion of two to four individual atlases in the reference space, and transformation back into the individual native space (MAXPROB)(.) 2) One to four individual atlases were registered directly to the individual native space, and combined by decision fusion (PROPAG). Accuracy was evaluated by computing the Dice similarity index and the volume difference. The robustness and reproducibility of PET regional measurements obtained via automated segmentation was evaluated on four co-registered MRI/PET datasets, which included test-retest data. RESULTS Dice indices were always over 0.7 and reached maximal values of 0.9 for PROPAG with all four individual atlases. There was no significant mean volume bias. The standard deviation of the bias decreased significantly when increasing the number of individual atlases. MAXPROB performed better when increasing the number of atlases used. When all four atlases were used for the MAXPROB creation, the accuracy of morphometric segmentation approached that of the PROPAG method. PET measures extracted either via automatic methods or via the manually defined regions were strongly correlated, with no significant regional differences between methods. Intra-class correlation coefficients for test-retest data were over 0.87. CONCLUSIONS Compared to single atlas extractions, multi-atlas methods improve the accuracy of region definition. They also perform comparably to manually defined regions for PET quantification. Multiple atlases of Macaca fascicularis brains are now available and allow reproducible and simplified analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Ballanger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron, France
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