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Yada Y, Naoki H. Few-shot prediction of amyloid β accumulation from mainly unpaired data on biomarker candidates. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:59. [PMID: 37993458 PMCID: PMC10665362 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pair-wise observation of the input and target values obtained from the same sample is mandatory in any prediction problem. In the biomarker discovery of Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, obtaining such paired data is laborious and often avoided. Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain precedes neurodegeneration in AD, and the quantitative accumulation level may reflect disease progression in the very early phase. Nevertheless, the direct observation of Aβ is rarely paired with the observation of other biomarker candidates. To this end, we established a method that quantitatively predicts Aβ accumulation from biomarker candidates by integrating the mostly unpaired observations via a few-shot learning approach. When applied to 5xFAD mouse behavioral data, the proposed method predicted the accumulation level that conformed to the observed amount of Aβ in the samples with paired data. The results suggest that the proposed model can contribute to discovering Aβ predictability-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yada
- Laboratory of Data-driven Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Honda Naoki
- Laboratory of Data-driven Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
- Kansei-Brain Informatics Group, Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research (BMK Center), Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
- Laboratory of Theoretical Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8315, Japan.
- Theoretical Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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2
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Emekli-Alturfan E, Alturfan AA. The emerging relationship between vitamin K and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of current evidence. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:815-828. [PMID: 36329336 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07925-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease refers to a group of disorders that predominantly damage the neurons in the brain. Despite significant progress in the knowledge of neurodegenerative diseases, there is currently no disease-modifying drug available. Vitamin K was first established for its involvement in blood clotting, but there is now compelling evidence indicating its role in the neurological system. In particular, the results of recent studies on the effects of vitamin K2 on preventing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and microglial activation in neuron cells through its role in electron transport are very promising against Alzheimer's disease. In addition to its protective effect on cognitive functions, its inhibitory effects on inflammation and α-synuclein fibrillization in Parkinson's disease, which has been revealed in recent years, are remarkable. Although there are many studies on the mechanism and possible treatment methods of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, studies on the relationship between vitamin K and neurodegenerative diseases are very limited, yet have promising findings. Vitamin K has also been proposed for therapeutic use in multiple sclerosis patients to lower the intensity or to slow down the progression of the disease. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to review the current evidence for the use of vitamin K supplementation in neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Nehra G, Bauer B, Hartz AMS. Blood-brain barrier leakage in Alzheimer's disease: From discovery to clinical relevance. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 234:108119. [PMID: 35108575 PMCID: PMC9107516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD brain pathology starts decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. One early pathological hallmark is blood-brain barrier dysfunction characterized by barrier leakage and associated with cognitive decline. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on the extent and clinical relevance of barrier leakage in AD. First, we focus on AD animal models and their susceptibility to barrier leakage based on age and genetic background. Second, we re-examine barrier dysfunction in clinical and postmortem studies, summarize changes that lead to barrier leakage in patients and highlight the clinical relevance of barrier leakage in AD. Third, we summarize signaling mechanisms that link barrier leakage to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD. Finally, we discuss clinical relevance and potential therapeutic strategies and provide future perspectives on investigating barrier leakage in AD. Identifying mechanistic steps underlying barrier leakage has the potential to unravel new targets that can be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies to repair barrier leakage and slow cognitive decline in AD and AD-related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Nehra
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bjoern Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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4
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Effects of sex and estrous cycle on the brain and plasma arginine metabolic profile in rats. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1441-1454. [PMID: 34245369 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
L-arginine is a versatile amino acid with a number of bioactive metabolites. Increasing evidence implicates altered arginine metabolism in the aging and neurodegenerative processes. The present study, for the first time, determined the effects of sex and estrous cycle on the brain and blood (plasma) arginine metabolic profile in naïve rats. Female rats displayed significantly lower levels of L-arginine in the frontal cortex and three sub-regions of the hippocampus when compared to male rats. Moreover, female rats had significantly higher levels of L-arginine and γ-aminobutyric acid, but lower levels of L-ornithine, agmatine and putrescine, in plasma relative to male rats. The observed sex difference in brain L-arginine appeared to be independent of the enzymes involved in its metabolism, de novo synthesis and blood-to-brain transport (cationic acid transporter 1 protein expression at least), as well as circulating L-arginine. While the estrous cycle did not affect L-arginine and its metabolites in the brain, there were estrous cycle phase-dependent changes in plasma L-arginine. These findings demonstrate the sex difference in brain L-arginine in the estrous cycle-independent manner. Since peripheral blood has been increasingly used to identify biomarkers of brain pathology, the influences of sex and estrous cycle on blood arginine metabolic profile need attention when experimental research involves female rodents.
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5
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Wirt RA, McNeela AM, Hyman JM. Spatial Cognition: Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and the Memory Puzzle. Curr Biol 2021; 30:R1058-R1061. [PMID: 32961165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We navigate through space using the coordinated activity of spatially sensitive cells in the hippocampus. A new study shows that moderate prenatal alcohol exposure alters multiple features of hippocampal spatial responses, leading to inflexible and less precise representations of our surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Wirt
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Adam M McNeela
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - James M Hyman
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
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6
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Chou CM, Lee YL, Liao CW, Huang YC, Fan CK. Enhanced expressions of neurodegeneration-associated factors, UPS impairment, and excess Aβ accumulation in the hippocampus of mice with persistent cerebral toxocariasis. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:620. [PMID: 29273062 PMCID: PMC5741903 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonotic parasitic disease mainly caused by Toxocara canis. Humans can be infected by accidental ingestion of T. canis embryonated ovum-contaminated food, water, or encapsulated larvae in paratenic hosts' viscera or meat. Since humans and mice are paratenic hosts of T. canis, the wandering larvae might cause mechanical tissue damage and excretory-secretory antigens may trigger inflammatory injuries to local organs. Long-term residence of T. canis larvae in a paratenic host's brain may cause cerebral toxocariasis (CT) that contributes to cerebral damage, neuroinflammation and neuropsychiatric disorders in mice and clinical patients. Since the hippocampus has been long recognized as being responsible for learning and memory functions, parasitic invasion of this site may cause neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. The present study intended to assess pathological changes, expressions of neurodegeneration-associated factors (NDAFs), including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), transglutaminase type 2 (TG2), claudin-5, substance P (SP) and interleukin (IL)-1β, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) function in the hippocampus and associated cognitive behavior in ICR mice orally inoculated with a high, medium or low-dose of T. canis embryonated ova during a 20-week investigation. RESULTS Results indicated although there were insignificant differences in learning and memory function between the experimental mice and uninfected control mice, possibly because the site where T. canis larvae invaded was the surrounding area but not the hippocampus per se. Nevertheless, enhanced expressions of NDAF, persistent UPS impairment and excess amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation concomitantly emerged in the experimental mice hippocampus at 8, 16 and 20 weeks post-infection. CONCLUSIONS We thus postulate that progressive CT may still progress to neurodegeneration due to enhanced NDAF expressions, persistent UPS impairment and excess Aβ accumulation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Mei Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Lun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Liao
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Research Center of International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Huang
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kwung Fan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Research Center of International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Tropical Medicine Division, International PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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7
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Cummings J. Disease modification and Neuroprotection in neurodegenerative disorders. Transl Neurodegener 2017; 6:25. [PMID: 29021896 PMCID: PMC5613313 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-017-0096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disease modifying therapies (DMTs) are urgently needed for neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and many other disorders characterized by protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. Despite advances in understanding the neurobiology of NDD, there are no approved DMTs. Discussion Defining disease-modification is critical to drug-development programs. A DMT is an intervention that produces an enduring change in the trajectory of clinical decline of an NDD by impacting the disease processes leading to nerve cell death. A DMT is neuroprotective, and neuroprotection will result in disease modification. Disease modification can be demonstrated in clinical trials by a drug-placebo difference in clinical outcomes supported by a drug-placebo difference on biomarkers reflective of the fundamental pathophysiology of the NDD. Alternatively, disease modification can be supported by findings on a staggered start or delayed withdrawal clinical trial design. Collecting multiple biomarkers is necessary to support a comprehensive view of disease modification. Conclusion Disease modification is established by demonstrating an enduring change in the clinical trajectory of an NDD based on intervention in the fundamental pathophysiology of the disease leading to nerve cell death. Supporting data are collected in clinical trials. Effectively defining a DMT will assist in NDD drug development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Cummings
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W Bonneville Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89106 USA
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8
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Castano-Prat P, Perez-Zabalza M, Perez-Mendez L, Escorihuela RM, Sanchez-Vives MV. Slow and Fast Neocortical Oscillations in the Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Model SAMP8. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:141. [PMID: 28620295 PMCID: PMC5449444 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model is characterized by accelerated, progressive cognitive decline as well as Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like neurodegenerative changes, and resembles the etiology of multicausal, sporadic late-onset/age-related AD in humans. Our aim was to find whether these AD-like pathological features, together with the cognitive deficits present in the SAMP8 strain, are accompanied by disturbances in cortical network activity with respect to control mice (SAM resistance 1, SAMR1) and, if so, how the alterations in cortical activity progress with age. For this purpose, we characterized the extracellular spontaneous oscillatory activity in different regions of the cerebral cortex of SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice under ketamine anesthesia at 5 and 7 months of age. Under these conditions, slow oscillations and fast rhythms generated in the cortical network were recorded and different parameters of these oscillations were quantified and compared between SAMP8 and their control, SAMR1 mice. The average frequency of slow oscillations in SAMP8 mice was decreased with respect to the control mice at both studied ages. An elongation of the silent periods or Down states was behind the decreased slow oscillatory frequency while the duration of active or Up states remained stable. SAMP8 mice also presented increased cycle variability and reduced high frequency components during Down states. During Up states, the power peak in the gamma range was displaced towards lower frequencies in all the cortical areas of SAMP8 with respect to control mice suggesting that the spectral profile of SAMP8 animals is shifted towards lower frequencies. This shift is reminiscent to one of the principal hallmarks of electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and adds evidence in support of the suitability of the SAMP8 mouse as a model of this disease. Although some of the differences between SAMP8 and control mice were emphasized with age, the evolution of the studied parameters as SAMR1 mice got older indicates that the SAMR1 phenotype tends to converge with that of SAMP8 animals. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic characterization of the cortical slow and fast rhythms in the SAMP8 strain and it provides useful insights about the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying the reported alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castano-Prat
- Systems Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Perez-Zabalza
- Systems Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Perez-Mendez
- Systems Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Escorihuela
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Maria V Sanchez-Vives
- Systems Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona, Spain.,ICREABarcelona, Spain
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9
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Huynh RA, Mohan C. Alzheimer's Disease: Biomarkers in the Genome, Blood, and Cerebrospinal Fluid. Front Neurol 2017; 8:102. [PMID: 28373857 PMCID: PMC5357660 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, resulting in behavioral changes. It is estimated that nearly 36 million are affected globally with numbers reaching 115 million by 2050. AD can only be definitively diagnosed at autopsy since its manifestations of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles throughout the brain cannot yet be fully captured with current imaging technologies. Current AD therapeutics have also been suboptimal. Besides identifying markers that distinguish AD from controls, there has been a recent drive to identify better biomarkers that can predict the rates of cognitive decline and neocortical amyloid burden in those who exhibit preclinical, prodromal, or clinical AD. This review covers biomarkers of three main types: genes, cerebrospinal fluid-derived, and blood-derived biomarkers. Looking ahead, cutting-edge OMICs technologies, including proteomics and metabolomics, ought to be fully tapped in order to mine even better biomarkers for AD that are more predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Ann Huynh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, TX , USA
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10
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Quantitative multimodal multiparametric imaging in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Inform 2016; 3:29-37. [PMID: 27747597 PMCID: PMC4883163 DOI: 10.1007/s40708-015-0028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, causing changes in memory, thinking, and other dysfunction of brain functions. More and more people are suffering from the disease. Early neuroimaging techniques of AD are needed to develop. This review provides a preliminary summary of the various neuroimaging techniques that have been explored for in vivo imaging of AD. Recent advances in magnetic resonance (MR) techniques, such as functional MR imaging (fMRI) and diffusion MRI, give opportunities to display not only anatomy and atrophy of the medial temporal lobe, but also at microstructural alterations or perfusion disturbance within the AD lesions. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has become the subject of intense research for the diagnosis and facilitation of drug development of AD in both animal models and human trials due to its non-invasive and translational characteristic. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and amyloid PET are applied in clinics and research departments. Amyloid beta (Aβ) imaging using PET has been recognized as one of the most important methods for the early diagnosis of AD, and numerous candidate compounds have been tested for Aβ imaging. Besides in vivo imaging method, a lot of ex vivo modalities are being used in the AD researches. Multiphoton laser scanning microscopy, neuroimaging of metals, and several metal bioimaging methods are also mentioned here. More and more multimodality and multiparametric neuroimaging techniques should improve our understanding of brain function and open new insights into the pathophysiology of AD. We expect exciting results will emerge from new neuroimaging applications that will provide scientific and medical benefits.
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11
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Wells JA, O'Callaghan JM, Holmes HE, Powell NM, Johnson RA, Siow B, Torrealdea F, Ismail O, Walker-Samuel S, Golay X, Rega M, Richardson S, Modat M, Cardoso MJ, Ourselin S, Schwarz AJ, Ahmed Z, Murray TK, O'Neill MJ, Collins EC, Colgan N, Lythgoe MF. In vivo imaging of tau pathology using multi-parametric quantitative MRI. Neuroimage 2015; 111:369-78. [PMID: 25700953 PMCID: PMC4626540 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) reaches epidemic proportions, there is an urgent need to develop effective treatment strategies to tackle the social and economic costs of this fatal condition. Dozens of candidate therapeutics are currently being tested in clinical trials, and compounds targeting the aberrant accumulation of tau proteins into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the focus of substantial current interest. Reliable, translatable biomarkers sensitive to both tau pathology and its modulation by treatment along with animal models that faithfully reflect aspects of the human disease are urgently required. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well established as a valuable tool for monitoring the structural brain changes that accompany AD progression. However the descent into dementia is not defined by macroscopic brain matter loss alone: non-invasive imaging measurements sensitive to protein accumulation, white matter integrity and cerebral haemodynamics probe distinct aspects of AD pathophysiology and may serve as superior biomarkers for assessing drug efficacy. Here we employ a multi-parametric array of five translatable MRI techniques to characterise the in vivo pathophysiological phenotype of the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy (structural imaging, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), arterial spin labelling (ASL), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and glucose CEST). Tau-induced pathological changes included grey matter atrophy, increased radial diffusivity in the white matter, decreased amide proton transfer and hyperperfusion. We demonstrate that the above markers unambiguously discriminate between the transgenic group and age-matched controls and provide a comprehensive profile of the multifaceted neuropathological processes underlying the rTg4510 model. Furthermore, we show that ASL and DTI techniques offer heightened sensitivity to processes believed to precede detectable structural changes and, as such, provides a platform for the study of disease mechanisms and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Wells
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
| | - J M O'Callaghan
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - H E Holmes
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - N M Powell
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK; Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, University College London, UK
| | - R A Johnson
- Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK
| | - B Siow
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - F Torrealdea
- Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - O Ismail
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - S Walker-Samuel
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - X Golay
- Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - M Rega
- Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - S Richardson
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - M Modat
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, University College London, UK
| | - M J Cardoso
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, University College London, UK
| | - S Ourselin
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, University College London, UK
| | - A J Schwarz
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Z Ahmed
- Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK
| | - T K Murray
- Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK
| | - M J O'Neill
- Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK
| | - E C Collins
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - N Colgan
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - M F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Alzheimer's disease is a complex multifactorial age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Current transgenic animal models do not fully recapitulate human Alzheimer's disease at the molecular, cellular and behavioural levels. This review aims to address the clinical relevance of using 'physiologically' aged rats, dogs and Octodon degus, as more representative 'natural' ecologically valid models to elucidate mechanistic aspects of Alzheimer's disease, and for the development of therapeutic agents to attenuate age-related cognitive decline. RECENT FINDINGS Aged rats, dogs and O. degus decline cognitively and ultimately develop Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms in response to the natural ageing process. Aged rats provide a tractable and popular model to examine the neurobiological basis underlying cognitive decline with age, but they do not develop Alzheimer's disease pathology. Progressive accumulation of abnormal amyloid-beta in extracellular plaques and surrounding cerebral vasculature is a common feature in human Alzheimer's disease, aged canine model and most nonhuman primates. Interestingly, the O. degus develops amyloid-beta deposits, neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated tau protein, altered cholinergic transmission and cognitive deficits analogous to those observed in Alzheimer's disease. Natural animal models better represent the full pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and are not only a viable alternative to transgenic models, but also are arguably the preferable model. SUMMARY 'Natural' models are useful to elucidate the neurobiological basis of Alzheimer's disease and develop effective therapeutic strategies that can be translated into human clinical trials.
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13
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Zhang D, Fa HB, Zhou JT, Li S, Diao XW, Yin W. The detection of β-amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease rat model with DDNP-SPIO. Clin Radiol 2015; 70:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Oh J, Lee HJ, Song JH, Park SI, Kim H. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as an early potential diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol 2014; 60:87-91. [PMID: 25304332 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in individuals over 65 years old. However, to date, no useful early diagnostic markers for AD have been discovered. We examined the utility of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as a potential biomarker for AD in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD, as well as in nondemented healthy controls. Plasma PAI-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in samples collected from 76 patients with MCI, 74 patients with AD, and 76 healthy controls. Our results show that plasma PAI-1 levels gradually increased as dementia progressed. The mean levels of plasma PAI-1 in patients with MCI and AD patients were significantly higher than those of in healthy controls. Consistently, neuropsychological examination (e.g., MMSE, CDR) also demonstrated significant correlations between the plasma PAI-1 levels and cognitive function. In conclusion, the level of plasma PAI-1 is a potential biomarker for the early detection and diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Oh
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ja Lee
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Song
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, South Korea
| | - Sang Ick Park
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, South Korea.
| | - Hyunyoung Kim
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, South Korea.
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O’Bryant SE, Xiao G, Zhang F, Edwards M, German DC, Yin X, Como T, Reisch J, Huebinger RM, Graff-Radford N, Dickson D, Barber R, Hall J, O’Suilleabhain P, Grammas P. Validation of a serum screen for Alzheimer's disease across assay platforms, species, and tissues. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 42:1325-35. [PMID: 25024345 PMCID: PMC4400808 DOI: 10.3233/jad-141041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a significant need for rapid and cost-effective biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for advancement of clinical practice and therapeutic trials. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to cross-validate our previously published serum-based algorithm on an independent assay platform as well as validate across tissues and species. Preliminary analyses were conducted to examine the utility in distinguishing AD from non-AD neurological disease (Parkinson's disease, PD). METHODS Serum proteins from our previously published algorithm were quantified from 150 AD cases and 150 controls on the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) platform. Serum samples were analyzed from 49 PD cases and compared to a random sample of 51 AD cases and 62 controls. Support vector machines (SVM) were used to discriminate PD versus AD versus controls. Human and AD mouse model microvessel images were quantified with HAMAMATSU imaging software. Mouse serum biomarkers were assayed via MSD. RESULTS Analysis of 21 serum proteins from 150 AD cases and 150 controls yielded an algorithm with sensitivity and specificity of 0.90 for correctly classifying AD. This multi-marker approach was then validated across species and tissue. Assay of the top proteins in human and AD mouse model brain microvessels correctly classified 90-100% of the samples. SVM analyses were highly accurate at distinguishing PD versus AD versus controls. CONCLUSIONS This serum-based biomarker panel should be tested in a community-based setting to determine its utility as a first-line screen for AD and non-AD neurological diseases for primary care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sid E O’Bryant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
- Institute for Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Academic and Institutional Resources and Technology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Melissa Edwards
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Dwight C German
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Xiangling Yin
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Ave., Suite E, Lubbock, TX, 79413, USA
| | - Tori Como
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
- Institute for Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Joan Reisch
- Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Ryan M Huebinger
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Neill Graff-Radford
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Dennis Dickson
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Robert Barber
- Institute for Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - James Hall
- Institute for Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Padraig O’Suilleabhain
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Paula Grammas
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Ave., Suite E, Lubbock, TX, 79413, USA
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