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Chen C, Sun Y, Wang Z, Huang Z, Zou Y, Yang F, Hu J, Cheng H, Shen C, Wang S. Pinellia genus: A systematic review of active ingredients, pharmacological effects and action mechanism, toxicological evaluation, and multi-omics application. Gene 2023; 870:147426. [PMID: 37044184 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The dried tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit, Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR, also named 'Banxia' in Chinese), is widely used in traditional medicine. This review aims to provide detail summary of active ingredients, pharmacological effects, toxic ingredients, detoxification strategies, and omic researches, etc. Pharmacological ingredients from PR are mainly classified into six categories: alkaloids, amino acids, polysaccharides, phenylpropanoids, essential oils, and glucocerebrosides. Diversity of chemical composition determines the broad-spectrum efficacy and gives a foundation for the comprehensive utilization of P. ternata germplasm resources. The pharmacological compounds are involved in inhibition of cancer cells by targeting various pathways, including activation of immune system, inhibition of proliferation and cycle, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. The pharmacological components of PR act on nervous system by targeting neurotransmitters, activating immune system, decreasing apoptosis, and increasing redox system. Lectins, one major class of the toxic ingredients extracted from raw PR, possess significant toxic effects on human cells. Inflammatory factors, cytochrome P450 proteins (CYP) family enzymes, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling factors, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling factors, and nervous system, are considered to be the target sites of lectins. Recently, omic analysis is widely applied in Pinellia genus studies. Plastome genome-based molecular markers are deeply used for identifying and resolving phylogeny of Pinellia genus plants. Various omic works revealed and functional identified a series of environmental stress responsive factors and active component biosynthesis-related genes. Our review summarizes the recent progress in active and toxic ingredient evaluation, pharmacological effects, detoxification strategies, and functional gene identification and accelerates efficient utilization of this traditional herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yunting Sun
- Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Zhijing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yuqing Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Huijuan Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Shuling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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Zhang XL, Zhou JY, Zhang P, Lin L, Mei R, Zhang FL, Chen YM, Li R. Clptm1, a new target in suppressing epileptic seizure by regulating GABA A R-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission in a PTZ-induced epilepsy model. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:61-69. [PMID: 36519412 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of gamma-amino butyric acid type A receptors (GABAA Rs) synaptic clustering and a decrease in the number of GABAA Rs in the plasma membrane are thought to contribute to alteration of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, which promotes seizure induction and propagation. The multipass transmembrane protein cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1 (Clptm1) controls the forward trafficking of GABAA R, thus decaying miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) of inhibitory synapses. In this study, using a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epilepsy rat model, we found that Clptm1 regulates epileptic seizures by modulating GABAA R-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission. First, we showed that Clptm1 expression was elevated in the PTZ-induced epileptic rats. Subsequently, we found that downregulation of Clptm1 expression protected against PTZ-induced seizures, which was attributed to an increase in the number of GABAA Rγ2s in the plasma membrane and the amplitude of mIPSC. Taken together, our findings identify a new anti-seizure target that provides a theoretical basis for the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin-Yu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rong Mei
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Feng-Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Pascoal VDB, Marchesini RB, Athié MCP, Matos AHB, Conte FF, Pereira TC, Secolin R, Gilioli R, Malheiros JM, Polli RS, Tannús A, Covolan L, Pascoal LB, Vieira AS, Cavalheiro EA, Cendes F, Lopes-Cendes I. Modulating Expression of Endogenous Interleukin 1 Beta in the Acute Phase of the Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy May Change Animal Survival. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:367-380. [PMID: 35061107 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pilocarpine-induced (PILO) model has helped elucidate the electrophysiological and molecular aspects related to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. It has been suggested that the extensive cell death and edema observed in the brains of these animals could be induced by increased inflammatory responses, such as the rapid release of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (Il1b). In this study, we investigate the role of endogenous Il1b in the acute phase of the PILO model. Our aim is twofold. First, we want to determine whether it is feasible to silence Il1b in the central nervous system using a non-invasive procedure. Second, we aim to investigate the effect of silencing endogenous Il1b and its antagonist, Il1rn.We used RNA interference applied non-invasively to knockdown Il1b and its endogenous antagonist Il1rn. We found that knocking down Il1b prior to pilocarpine injection increased the mortality rate of treated animals. Furthermore, we observed that, when exposing the animals to more Il1b by silencing its endogenous antagonist Il1rn, there was a better response to status epilepticus with decreased animal mortality in the acute phase of the PILO model. Thus, we show the feasibility of using a novel, less invasive approach to study genes involved in the inflammatory response in the central nervous system. Furthermore, our results provide suggestive evidence that modulating endogenous Il1b improves animal survival in the acute phase of the PILO model and may have effects that extend into the chronic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D B Pascoal
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and the Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil.,Department of Basic Science, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil
| | - R B Marchesini
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and the Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - M C P Athié
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and the Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - A H B Matos
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and the Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - F F Conte
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and the Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - T C Pereira
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and the Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - R Secolin
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and the Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil.,Department of Basic Science, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil
| | - R Gilioli
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Biological Investigation (CEMIB), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J M Malheiros
- Centro de Imagens e Espectroscopia por Ressonancia Magnetica (CIERMag), Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R S Polli
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - A Tannús
- Centro de Imagens e Espectroscopia por Ressonancia Magnetica (CIERMag), Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - L Covolan
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L B Pascoal
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas - (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A S Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - E A Cavalheiro
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - F Cendes
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas - (UNICAMP); and the Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - I Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and the Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil.
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Ingram RJ, Leverton LK, Daniels VC, Li J, Christian-Hinman CA. Increased GABA transmission to GnRH neurons after intrahippocampal kainic acid injection in mice is sex-specific and associated with estrous cycle disruption. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 172:105822. [PMID: 35868435 PMCID: PMC9455811 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with epilepsy develop reproductive endocrine comorbidities at a rate higher than that of the general population. Clinical studies have identified disrupted luteinizing hormone (LH) release patterns in patients of both sexes, suggesting potential epilepsy-associated changes in hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron function. In previous work, we found that GnRH neuron firing is increased in diestrous females and males in the intrahippocampal kainic acid (IHKA) mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Notably, GABAA receptor activation is depolarizing in adult GnRH neurons. Therefore, here we tested the hypothesis that increased GnRH neuron firing in IHKA mice is associated with increased GABAergic drive to GnRH neurons. When ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) were blocked to isolate GABAergic postsynaptic currents (PSCs), no differences in PSC frequency were seen between GnRH neurons from control and IHKA diestrous females. In the absence of iGluR blockade, however, GABA PSC frequency was increased in GnRH neurons from IHKA females with disrupted estrous cycles, but not saline-injected controls nor IHKA females without estrous cycle disruption. GABA PSC amplitude was also increased in IHKA females with disrupted estrous cycles. These findings suggest the presence of an iGluR-dependent increase in feed-forward GABAergic transmission to GnRH neurons specific to IHKA females with comorbid cycle disruption. In males, GABA PSC frequency and amplitude were unchanged but PSC duration was reduced. Together, these findings suggest that increased GABA transmission helps drive elevated firing in IHKA females on diestrus and indicate the presence of a sex-specific hypothalamic mechanism underlying reproductive endocrine dysfunction in IHKA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie J Ingram
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Leanna K Leverton
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Victoria C Daniels
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Jiang Li
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Catherine A Christian-Hinman
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
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Sun Y, Peng Z, Wei X, Zhang N, Huang CS, Wallner M, Mody I, Houser CR. Virally-induced expression of GABAA receptor δ subunits following their pathological loss reveals their role in regulating GABAA receptor assembly. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 218:102337. [PMID: 35934131 PMCID: PMC10091858 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Decreased expression of the δ subunit of the GABAA receptor (GABAAR) has been found in the dentate gyrus in several animal models of epilepsy and other disorders with increased excitability and is associated with altered modulation of tonic inhibition in dentate granule cells (GCs). In contrast, other GABAAR subunits, including α4 and γ2 subunits, are increased, but the relationship between these changes is unclear. The goals of this study were to determine if viral transfection of δ subunits in dentate GCs could increase δ subunit expression, alter expression of potentially-related GABAAR subunits, and restore more normal network excitability in the dentate gyrus in a mouse model of epilepsy. Pilocarpine-induced seizures were elicited in DOCK10-Cre mice that express Cre selectively in dentate GCs, and two weeks later the mice were injected unilaterally with a Cre-dependent δ-GABAAR viral vector. At 4-6 weeks following transfection, δ subunit immunolabeling was substantially increased in dentate GCs on the transfected side compared to the nontransfected side. Importantly, α4 and γ2 subunit labeling was downregulated on the transfected side. Electrophysiological studies revealed enhanced tonic inhibition, decreased network excitability, and increased neurosteroid sensitivity in slices from the δ subunit-transfected side compared to those from the nontransfected side of the same pilocarpine-treated animal, consistent with the formation of δ subunit-containing GABAARs. No differences were observed between sides of eYFP-transfected animals. These findings are consistent with the idea that altering expression of key subunits, such as the δ subunit, regulates GABAAR subunit assemblies, resulting in substantial effects on network excitability.
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Tipton AE, Russek SJ. Regulation of Inhibitory Signaling at the Receptor and Cellular Level; Advances in Our Understanding of GABAergic Neurotransmission and the Mechanisms by Which It Is Disrupted in Epilepsy. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:914374. [PMID: 35874848 PMCID: PMC9302637 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.914374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory signaling in the brain organizes the neural circuits that orchestrate how living creatures interact with the world around them and how they build representations of objects and ideas. Without tight control at multiple points of cellular engagement, the brain’s inhibitory systems would run down and the ability to extract meaningful information from excitatory events would be lost leaving behind a system vulnerable to seizures and to cognitive decline. In this review, we will cover many of the salient features that have emerged regarding the dynamic regulation of inhibitory signaling seen through the lens of cell biology with an emphasis on the major building blocks, the ligand-gated ion channel receptors that are the first transduction point when the neurotransmitter GABA is released into the synapse. Epilepsy association will be used to indicate importance of key proteins and their pathways to brain function and to introduce novel areas for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Tipton
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Biomolecular Pharmacology Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Boston University MD/PhD Training Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shelley J. Russek
- Biomolecular Pharmacology Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Boston University MD/PhD Training Program, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Shelley J. Russek,
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Wen Y, Zhang G, Liu L, Zhang P, lin L, Mei R, Zhang F, Chen Y, Li R. HAP1 interacts with 14-3-3 to regulate epileptic seizure via GABAAR-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission in pentylenetetrazole rat model. Neurosci Res 2022; 182:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dos Santos RR, Bernardino TC, da Silva MCM, de Oliveira ACP, Drumond LE, Rosa DV, Massensini AR, Moraes MFD, Doretto MC, Romano-Silva MA, Reis HJ. Neurochemical abnormalities in the hippocampus of male rats displaying audiogenic seizures, a genetic model of epilepsy. Neurosci Lett 2021; 761:136123. [PMID: 34293418 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by recurrent seizures that affects 1% of the population. However, the neurochemical alterations observed in epilepsy are not fully understood. There are different animal models of epilepsy, such as genetic or drug induced. In the present study, we utilize Wistar Audiogenic Rats (WAR), a murine strain that develops seizures in response to high intensity audio stimulation, in order to investigate abnormalities in glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. METHODS Synaptosomes and glial plasmalemmal vesicles were prepared from hippocampus and cortex, respectively. Glutamate and GABA release and uptake were assayed by monitoring the fluorescence and using L-[3H]-radiolabeled compounds. Glutamate and calcium concentration in the synaptosomes were also measured. The expression of neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1) was determined by western blot. RESULTS Glutamate and GABA release evoked by KCl was decreased in WAR compared to control Wistar rats. Calcium independent release was not considerably different in both groups. The total amount of glutamate of synaptosomes, as well as glutamate uptake by synaptosomes and GPV were also decreased in WAR in comparison with the controls. In addition, [Ca2+]i of hippocampal synaptosomes, as well as NCS-1 expression in the hippocampus, were increased in WAR in comparison with controls. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest that WAR have important alterations in the glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways, as well as an increased expression of NCS-1 in the hippocampus and inferior colliculus. These alterations may be linked to the spreading of hyperexcitability and recruitment of various brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Alfredo Balena 190, CEP 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Túlio C Bernardino
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Machado da Silva
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio C P de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana E Drumond
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Biofísica e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela V Rosa
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Alfredo Balena 190, CEP 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - André R Massensini
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Biofísica e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio F D Moraes
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Biofísica e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria C Doretto
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Biofísica e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco A Romano-Silva
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Alfredo Balena 190, CEP 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helton J Reis
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Di Maio V, Santillo S, Ventriglia F. Synaptic dendritic activity modulates the single synaptic event. Cogn Neurodyn 2020; 15:279-297. [PMID: 33854645 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-020-09607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic transmission is the key system for the information transfer and elaboration among neurons. Nevertheless, a synapse is not a standing alone structure but it is a part of a population of synapses inputting the information from several neurons on a specific area of the dendritic tree of a single neuron. This population consists of excitatory and inhibitory synapses the inputs of which drive the postsynaptic membrane potential in the depolarizing (excitatory synapses) or depolarizing (inhibitory synapses) direction modulating in such a way the postsynaptic membrane potential. The postsynaptic response of a single synapse depends on several biophysical factors the most important of which is the value of the membrane potential at which the response occurs. The concurrence in a specific time window of inputs by several synapses located in a specific area of the dendritic tree can, consequently, modulate the membrane potential such to severely influence the single postsynaptic response. The degree of modulation operated by the synaptic population depends on the number of synapses active, on the relative proportion between excitatory and inbibitory synapses belonging to the population and on their specific mean firing frequencies. In the present paper we show results obtained by the simulation of the activity of a single Glutamatergic excitatory synapse under the influence of two different populations composed of the same proportion of excitatory and inhibitory synapses but having two different sizes (total number of synapses). The most relevant conclusion of the present simulations is that the information transferred by the single synapse is not and independent simple transition between a pre- and a postsynaptic neuron but is the result of the cooperation of all the synapses which concurrently try to transfer the information to the postsynaptic neuron in a given time window. This cooperativeness is mainly operated by a simple mechanism of modulation of the postsynaptic membrane potential which influences the amplitude of the different components forming the postsynaptic excitatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Di Maio
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems (ISASI) of CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Santillo
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems (ISASI) of CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Ventriglia
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems (ISASI) of CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
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Niespodziany I, Ghisdal P, Mullier B, Wood M, Provins L, Kaminski RM, Wolff C. Functional characterization of the antiepileptic drug candidate, padsevonil, on GABA A receptors. Epilepsia 2020; 61:914-923. [PMID: 32297665 PMCID: PMC7383892 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antiepileptic drug candidate, padsevonil, is the first in a novel class of drugs designed to interact with both presynaptic and postsynaptic therapeutic targets: synaptic vesicle 2 proteins and γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAA Rs), respectively. Functional aspects of padsevonil at the postsynaptic target, GABAA Rs, were characterized in experiments reported here. METHODS The effect of padsevonil on GABA-mediated Cl- currents was determined by patch clamp on recombinant human GABAA Rs (α1β2γ2) stably expressed in a CHO-K1 cell line and on native GABAA Rs in cultured rat primary cortical neurons. Padsevonil selectivity for GABAA R subtypes was evaluated using a two-electrode voltage clamp on recombinant human GABAA Rs (α1-5/β2/γ2) in Xenopus oocytes. RESULTS In recombinant GABAA Rs, padsevonil did not evoke Cl- currents in the absence of the agonist GABA. However, when co-administered with GABA at effective concentration (EC)20 , padsevonil potentiated GABA responses by 167% (EC50 138 nmol/L) and demonstrated a relative efficacy of 41% compared with zolpidem, a reference benzodiazepine site agonist. Similarly, padsevonil demonstrated GABA-potentiating activity at native GABAA Rs (EC50 208 nmol/L) in cultured rat cortical neurons. Padsevonil also potentiated GABA (EC20 ) responses in GABAA Rs expressed in oocytes, with higher potency at α1- and α5-containing receptors (EC50 295 and 281 nmol/L) than at α2- and α3-containing receptors (EC50 1737 and 2089 nmol/L). Compared with chlordiazepoxide-a nonselective, full GABAA R agonist-the relative efficacy of padsevonil was 60% for α1β2γ2, 26% for α2β2γ2, 56% for α3β2γ2, and 41% for α5β2γ2; no activity was observed at benzodiazepine-insensitive α4β2γ2 receptors. SIGNIFICANCE Results of functional investigations on recombinant and native neuronal GABAA Rs show that padsevonil acts as a positive allosteric modulator of these receptors, with a partial agonist profile at the benzodiazepine site. These properties may confer better tolerability and lower potential for tolerance development compared with classic benzodiazepines currently used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Ghisdal
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Brice Mullier
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Martyn Wood
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Laurent Provins
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Rafal M Kaminski
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Christian Wolff
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
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11
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Ghafouri S, Fathollahi Y, Semnanian S, Shojaei A, Asgari A, Ebrahim Amini A, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J. Deep brain stimulation restores the glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission and plasticity to normal levels in kindled rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224834. [PMID: 31697763 PMCID: PMC6837391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The precise effect of low frequency stimulation (LFS) as a newly postulated, anticonvulsant therapeutic approach on seizure-induced changes in synaptic transmission has not been completely determined. Hypothesis In this study, the LFS effect on impaired, synaptic plasticity in kindled rats was investigated. Methods Hippocampal kindled rats received LFS (4 trials consisting of one train of 200 monophasic square waves, 0.1 ms pulse duration, 1 Hz) on four occasions. LTP induction was evaluated using whole-cell recordings of evoked excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs respectively) in CA1 neurons in hippocampal slices. In addition, the hippocampal excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs and IPSCs), and the gene expression of NR2A, GluR2 and γ2 were evaluated. Results LTP induction was attenuated in excitatory and inhibitory synapses in hippocampal slices of kindled rats. When LFS was applied in kindled animals, LTP was induced in EPSPs and IPSPs. Moreover, LFS increased and decreased the threshold intensities of EPSCs and IPSCs respectively. In kindled animals, NR2A gene expression increased, while γ2 gene expression decreased. GluR2 gene expression did not significantly change. Applying LFS in kindled animals mitigated these changes: No significant differences were observed in NR2A, γ2 and GluR2 gene expression in the kindled+LFS and control groups. Conclusion The application of LFS in kindled animals restored LTP induction in both EPSPs and IPSPs, and returned the threshold intensity for induction of EPSCs, IPSCs and gene expression to similar levels as controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samireh Ghafouri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Fathollahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Asgari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Azin Ebrahim Amini
- Department of Biomaterial and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), Faculty of applied sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Pinellia Total Alkaloids Modulate the GABAergic System in Hippocampal Formation on Pilocarpine-Induced Epileptic Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:138-145. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-2944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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13
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Joshi S, Kapur J. Neurosteroid regulation of GABA A receptors: A role in catamenial epilepsy. Brain Res 2019; 1703:31-40. [PMID: 29481795 PMCID: PMC6107446 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The female reproductive hormones progesterone and estrogen regulate network excitability. Fluctuations in the circulating levels of these hormones during the menstrual cycle cause frequent seizures during certain phases of the cycle in women with epilepsy. This seizure exacerbation, called catamenial epilepsy, is a dominant form of drug-refractory epilepsy in women of reproductive age. Progesterone, through its neurosteroid derivative allopregnanolone, increases γ-aminobutyric acid type-A receptor (GABAR)-mediated inhibition in the brain and keeps seizures under control. Catamenial seizures are believed to be a neurosteroid withdrawal symptom, and it was hypothesized that exogenous administration of progesterone to maintain its levels high during luteal phase will treat catamenial seizures. However, in a multicenter, double-blind, phase III clinical trial, progesterone treatment did not suppress catamenial seizures. The expression of GABARs with reduced neurosteroid sensitivity in epileptic animals may explain the failure of the progesterone clinical trial. The expression of neurosteroid-sensitive δ subunit-containing GABARs is reduced, and the expression of α4γ2 subunit-containing GABARs is upregulated, which alters the inhibition of dentate granule cells in epilepsy. These changes reduce the endogenous neurosteroid control of seizures and contribute to catamenial seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States.
| | - Jaideep Kapur
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
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14
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Garlet QI, Pires LDC, Milanesi LH, Marafiga JR, Baldisserotto B, Mello CF, Heinzmann BM. (+)-Dehydrofukinone modulates membrane potential and delays seizure onset by GABAa receptor-mediated mechanism in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 332:52-63. [PMID: 28733205 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
(+)-Dehydrofukinone (DHF), isolated from Nectandra grandiflora (Lauraceae) essential oil, induces sedation and anesthesia by modulation of GABAa receptors. However, no study has addressed whether DHF modulates other cellular events involved in the control of cellular excitability, such as seizure behavior. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of DHF on cellular excitability and seizure behavior in mice. For this purpose, we used isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) to examine the effect of DHF on the plasma membrane potential, the involvement of GABAa receptors and the downstream activation of Ca2+ mobilization. Finally, we performed an in vivo assay in order to verify whether DHF could impact on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in mice. The results showed that DHF induced a GABA-dependent sustained hyperpolarization, sensitive to flumazenil and absent in low-[Cl-] medium. Additionally, (1-100μM) DHF decreased KCl-evoked calcium mobilization over time in a concentration-dependent manner and this effect was prevented by flumazenil. DHF increased the latency to myoclonic jerks (10mg/kg), delayed the onset of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (10, 30 and 100mg/kg), and these effects were also blocked by the pretreatment with flumazenil. Our data indicate that DHF has anticonvulsant properties and the molecular target underlying this effect is likely to be the facilitation of GABAergic neuronal inhibition. The present study highlights the therapeutic potential of the natural compound DHF as a suppressor of neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quelen Iane Garlet
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana da Costa Pires
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Hautrive Milanesi
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Joseane Righes Marafiga
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fernando Mello
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Berta Maria Heinzmann
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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15
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Simonsen C, Boddum K, von Schoubye NL, Kloppenburg A, Sønderskov K, Hansen SL, Kristiansen U. Anticonvulsive evaluation of THIP in the murine pentylenetetrazole kindling model: lack of anticonvulsive effect of THIP despite functional δ-subunit-containing GABA A receptors in dentate gyrus granule cells. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5. [PMID: 28805971 PMCID: PMC5684853 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
THIP (4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4‐c]pyridin‐3‐ol) is a GABAA receptor agonist with varying potencies and efficacies at γ‐subunit‐containing receptors. More importantly, THIP acts as a selective superagonist at δ‐subunit‐containing receptors (δ‐GABAARs) at clinically relevant concentrations. Evaluation of THIP as a potential anticonvulsant has given contradictory results in different animal models and for this reason, we reevaluated the anticonvulsive properties of THIP in the murine pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling model. As loss of δ‐GABAAR in the dentate gyrus has been associated with several animal models of epilepsy, we first investigated the presence of functional δ‐GABAA receptors. Both immunohistochemistry and Western blot data demonstrated that δ‐GABAAR expression is not only present in the dentate gyrus, but also the expression level was enhanced in the early phase after PTZ kindling. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp studies in acute hippocampal brain slices revealed that THIP was indeed able to induce a tonic inhibition in dentate gyrus granule cells. However, THIP induced a tonic current of similar magnitude in the PTZ‐kindled mice compared to saline‐treated animals despite the observed upregulation of δ‐GABAARs. Even in the demonstrated presence of functional δ‐GABAARs, THIP (0.5–4 mg/kg) showed no anticonvulsive effect in the PTZ kindling model using a comprehensive in vivo evaluation of the anticonvulsive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Simonsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Boddum
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadia L von Schoubye
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alissa Kloppenburg
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Sønderskov
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suzanne L Hansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Uffe Kristiansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Purslane protects against the reproductive toxicity of carbamazepine treatment in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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17
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Spatola M, Petit-Pedrol M, Simabukuro MM, Armangue T, Castro FJ, Barcelo Artigues MI, Julià Benique MR, Benson L, Gorman M, Felipe A, Caparó Oblitas RL, Rosenfeld MR, Graus F, Dalmau J. Investigations in GABA A receptor antibody-associated encephalitis. Neurology 2017; 88:1012-1020. [PMID: 28202703 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinical features, comorbidities, receptor subunit targets, and outcome in patients with anti-GABAA receptor (GABAAR) encephalitis. METHODS Clinical study of 26 patients, including 17 new (April 2013-January 2016) and 9 previously reported patients. Antibodies to α1, β3, and γ2 subunits of the GABAAR were determined using reported techniques. RESULTS Patients' median age was 40.5 years (interquartile range 48.5 [13.75-62.35] years; the youngest 2.5 months old; 13 female). Symptoms included seizures (88%), alteration of cognition (67%), behavior (46%), consciousness (42%), or abnormal movements (35%). Comorbidities were identified in 11 (42%) patients, including 7 tumors (mostly thymomas), 2 herpesvirus encephalitis (herpes simplex virus 1, human herpesvirus 6; coexisting with NMDAR antibodies), and 2 myasthenia without thymoma. Brain MRI was abnormal in 23 (88%) patients, showing in 20 (77%) multifocal, asynchronous, cortical-subcortical T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery abnormalities predominantly involving temporal (95%) and frontal (65%) lobes, but also basal ganglia and other regions. Immunologic or tumor therapy resulted in substantial improvement in 18/21 (86%) assessable patients; the other 3 (14%) died (2 status epilepticus, 1 sepsis). Compared with adults, children were more likely to have generalized seizures (p = 0.007) and movement disorders (p = 0.01) and less likely to have a tumor (p = 0.01). The main epitope targets were in the α1/β3 subunits of the GABAAR. CONCLUSIONS Anti-GABAAR encephalitis is characterized by frequent seizures and distinctive multifocal cortical-subcortical MRI abnormalities that provide an important clue to the diagnosis. The frequency of symptoms and comorbidities differ between children (more viral-related) and adults (more tumor-related). The disorder is severe but most patients respond to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Spatola
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Petit-Pedrol
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mateus Mistieri Simabukuro
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thaís Armangue
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernanda J Castro
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria I Barcelo Artigues
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria R Julià Benique
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leslie Benson
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Gorman
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Felipe
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben L Caparó Oblitas
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Myrna R Rosenfeld
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Graus
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Dalmau
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (M.S., M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne (UNIL) (M.S.), Switzerland; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (M.P.-P., T.A., M.R.R., J.D., F.G.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service (T.A., J.D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas (M.M.S.), São Paulo University, Brazil; Hospital de Base (F.J.C.), Brasília, Brazil; Service of Neurology (M.I.B.A.) and Service of Immunology (M.R.J.B.), University Hospital of Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (L.B., M.G.), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Pediatric Neurology Section (A.F.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (R.L.C.O.), Lima, Peru; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Service of Neurology (F.G., J.D.), Hospital Clínic; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
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Joshi S, Rajasekaran K, Williamson J, Kapur J. Neurosteroid-sensitive δ-GABA A receptors: A role in epileptogenesis? Epilepsia 2017; 58:494-504. [PMID: 28452419 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined the role of the neurosteroid-sensitive δ subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors (δ-GABARs) in epileptogenesis. METHODS Status epilepticus (SE) was induced via lithium pilocarpine in adult rats, and seizures were assessed by continuous video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. Finasteride was administered to inhibit neurosteroid synthesis. The total and surface protein expression of hippocampal δ, α4, and γ2 GABAR subunits was studied using biotinylation assays and Western blotting. Neurosteroid potentiation of the tonic currents of dentate granule cells (DGCs) was measured by whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Finally, the effects of inhibiting N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during SE on the long-term plasticity of δ-GABARs, neurosteroid-induced modulation of tonic current, and epileptogenesis were studied. RESULTS The inhibition of neurosteroid synthesis 4 days after SE triggered acute seizures and accelerated the onset of chronic recurrent spontaneous seizures (epilepsy). The down-regulation of neurosteroid-sensitive δ-GABARs occurred prior to the onset of epilepsy, whereas an increased expression of the γ2-GABAR subunits occurred after seizure onset. MK801 blockade of NMDARs during SE preserved the expression of neurosteroid-sensitive δ-GABARs. NMDAR blockade during SE also prevented the onset of spontaneous seizures. SIGNIFICANCE Changes in neurosteroid-sensitive δ-GABAR expression correlated temporally with epileptogenesis. These findings raise the possibility that δ-GABAR plasticity may play a role in epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - Karthik Rajasekaran
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - John Williamson
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - Jaideep Kapur
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A
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Stephens DN, King SL, Lambert JJ, Belelli D, Duka T. GABAAreceptor subtype involvement in addictive behaviour. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 16:149-184. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. L. King
- School of Psychology; University of Sussex; Brighton UK
| | - J. J. Lambert
- Division of Neuroscience; University of Dundee; Dundee UK
| | - D. Belelli
- Division of Neuroscience; University of Dundee; Dundee UK
| | - T. Duka
- School of Psychology; University of Sussex; Brighton UK
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González MI. Regulation of the cell surface expression of chloride transporters during epileptogenesis. Neurosci Lett 2016; 628:213-8. [PMID: 27345384 PMCID: PMC4969124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The process is commonly known as epileptogenesis refers to the cascade of molecular and cellular changes that transform the brain to make it hyperexcitable and capable of generate recurrent spontaneous seizures. Unfortunately, our understanding of the molecular changes that affect the brain during epileptogenesis remains incomplete. Recent evidence suggests that dysfunction of cation-chloride transporters (CCCs) might be one of the factors that contribute to the deficits in inhibitory neurotransmission observed during epileptogenesis. This study analyzed the cell surface expression of CCCs during epileptogenesis and during chronic epilepsy to evaluate if a loss of CCCs from the plasma membrane might contribute to hyperexcitability. Alterations in the plasma membrane expression of CCCs were mostly detected during the early phase of the epileptogenic period, suggesting that dysfunction of CCCs might contribute to the alterations in the chloride gradient previously detected. Together, the findings presented here suggest that aberrant regulation of the plasma membrane levels of CCCs might contribute to the impartment of GABAergic neurotransmission and that CCCs dysfunction might be relevant for the initial appearance of spontaneous seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco I González
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Translational Epilepsy Research Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045 USA.
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21
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Retraction. Clc-2 knockout attenuated experimental temporal lobe epilepsy in mice by tonic inhibition mediated by GABAA receptors. Brain Res Bull 2016; 121:209-14. [PMID: 26876934 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most prevalent form of epilepsy, is often associated with drug-resistant seizures. In TLE, altered function of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors (GABAARs) results in potentiation of excitatory and/or failure of inhibitory neurotransmission, which contributes to seizure induction and propagation. Our previous study suggested that chloride channel-2 (Clc-2) contributed to chronically elevated tonic inhibition mediated by GABAARs in a rat model of TLE. In the present study, we used Clc-2 knockout mice to investigate further the role of Clc-2 and its interaction with tonic GABAergic inhibition in a model of TLE. The results revealed that knockout of Clc-2 decreased tonic seizure protection, latency of clonic seizure, seizure threshold and mortality protection in mice. Clc-2 knockout decreased the action potential (AP)peak and APthreshold, Clc-2 currents and GABAAR-mediated tonic inhibition in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Thus, the voltage-gated chloride channel Clc-2, which was functionally upregulated in CA1 pyramidal cells after seizures, may provide protection against TLE by its regulation of action potentials, Clc-2 currents and GABAARs in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
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Roseti C, van Vliet EA, Cifelli P, Ruffolo G, Baayen JC, Di Castro MA, Bertollini C, Limatola C, Aronica E, Vezzani A, Palma E. GABAA currents are decreased by IL-1β in epileptogenic tissue of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: implications for ictogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:311-320. [PMID: 26168875 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent form of adult focal onset epilepsy often associated with drug-resistant seizures. Numerous studies suggest that neuroinflammatory processes are pathologic hallmarks of both experimental and human epilepsy. In particular, the interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-1 receptor type 1 (R1) axis is activated in epileptogenic tissue, where it contributes significantly to the generation and recurrence of seizures in animal models. In this study, we investigated whether IL-1β affects the GABA-evoked currents (I(GABA)) in TLE tissue from humans. Given the limited availability of fresh human brain specimens, we used the "microtransplantation" method of injecting Xenopus oocytes with membranes from surgically resected hippocampal and cortical tissue from 21 patients with TLE and hippocampal sclerosis (HS), hippocampal tissue from five patients with TLE without HS, and autoptic and surgical brain specimens from 15 controls without epilepsy. We report the novel finding that pathophysiological concentrations of IL-1β decreased the I(GABA) amplitude by up to 30% in specimens from patients with TLE with or without HS, but not in control tissues. This effect was reproduced by patch-clamp recordings on neurons in entorhinal cortex slices from rats with chronic epilepsy, and was not observed in control slices. In TLE specimens from humans, the IL-1β effect was mediated by IL-1R1 and PKC. We also showed that IL-1R1 and IRAK1, the proximal kinase mediating the IL-1R1 signaling, are both up-regulated in the TLE compared with control specimens, thus supporting the idea that the IL-1β/IL-R1 axis is activated in human epilepsy. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism possibly underlying the ictogenic action of IL-1β, thus suggesting that this cytokine contributes to seizure generation in human TLE by reducing GABA-mediated neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierangelo Cifelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy; Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Amalia Di Castro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Bertollini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN-Heemstede), The Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
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