1
|
Steele HR, Han L. The signaling pathway and polymorphisms of Mrgprs. Neurosci Lett 2020; 744:135562. [PMID: 33388356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) are a family of receptors implicated in a diverse array of human diseases. Since their discovery in 2001, great progress has been made in determining their relation to human disease. Vital for Mrgprs therapeutic efforts across all disease disciplines is a thorough understanding of Mrgprs signal transduction pathways and polymorphisms, as these offer insights into new drug candidates, existing discrepancies in drug response, and differences in disease susceptibility. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding Mrgprs signaling pathways and polymorphisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley R Steele
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Liang Han
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
This paper is the fortieth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2017 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Wang M, Lu Q, Li Q, Lin M, Huang J, Hong Y. Inhibitory Effects of Mas-Related Gene C Receptor on Chronic Morphine-Induced Spinal Glial Activation in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:237-245. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.252494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
4
|
Yang J, Xie MX, Hu L, Wang XF, Mai JZ, Li YY, Wu N, Zhang C, Li J, Pang RP, Liu XG. Upregulation of N-type calcium channels in the soma of uninjured dorsal root ganglion neurons contributes to neuropathic pain by increasing neuronal excitability following peripheral nerve injury. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 71:52-65. [PMID: 29709527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N-type voltage-gated calcium (Cav2.2) channels are expressed in the central terminals of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and are critical for neurotransmitter release. Cav2.2 channels are also expressed in the soma of DRG neurons, where their function remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that Cav2.2 was upregulated in the soma of uninjured L4 DRG neurons, but downregulated in those of injured L5 DRG neurons following L5 spinal nerve ligation (L5-SNL). Local application of specific Cav2.2 blockers (ω-conotoxin GVIA, 1-100 μM or ZC88, 10-1000 μM) onto L4 and 6 DRGs on the operated side, but not the contralateral side, dose-dependently reversed mechanical allodynia induced by L5-SNL. Patch clamp recordings revealed that both ω-conotoxin GVIA (1 μM) and ZC88 (10 μM) depressed hyperexcitability in L4 but not in L5 DRG neurons of L5-SNL rats. Consistent with this, knockdown of Cav2.2 in L4 DRG neurons with AAV-Cav2.2 shRNA substantially prevented L5-SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and hyperexcitability of L4 DRG neurons. Furthermore, in L5-SNL rats, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-10 were upregulated in L4 DRGs and L5 DRGs, respectively. Intrathecal injection of IL-1β induced mechanical allodynia and Cav2.2 upregulation in bilateral L4-6 DRGs of naïve rats, whereas injection of IL-10 substantially prevented mechanical allodynia and Cav2.2 upregulation in L4 DRGs in L5-SNL rats. Finally, in cultured DRG neurons, Cav2.2 was dose-dependently upregulated by IL-1β and downregulated by IL-10. These data indicate that the upregulation of Cav2.2 in uninjured DRG neurons via IL-1β over-production contributes to neuropathic pain by increasing neuronal excitability following peripheral nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Man-Xiu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, East 651 Dongfeng Rd, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Li Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, 16 Lincui Rd, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie-Zhen Mai
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong-Yong Li
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rui-Ping Pang
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xian-Guo Liu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fernandes V, Sharma D, Vaidya S, P A S, Guan Y, Kalia K, Tiwari V. Cellular and molecular mechanisms driving neuropathic pain: recent advancements and challenges. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:131-142. [PMID: 29285962 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1420781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current pharmacotherapeutics for neuropathic pain offer only symptomatic relief without treating the underlying pathophysiology. Additionally, they are associated with various dose-limiting side effects. Pain research in the past few decades has revolved around the role of oxidative-nitrosative stress, protein kinases, glial cell activation, and inflammatory signaling cascades but has failed to produce specific and effective therapies. Areas covered: This review focuses on recent advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuropathic pain that may be translated into future therapies. We discuss emerging targets such as WNT signaling mechanisms, the tetrahydrobiopterin pathway, Mrg receptors, endogenous lipid mediators, micro-RNAs and their roles in pain regulation. Recent evidence is also presented regarding genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of pain modulation. Expert opinion: During chronic neuropathic pain, maladaptation occurs in the peripheral and central nervous systems, including a shift in microglial phenotype from a surveillance state to an activated state. Microglial activation leads to an altered expression of cell surface proteins, growth factors, and intracellular signaling molecules that contribute to development of a neuroinflammatory cascade and chronic pain sensitization. Specific targeting of these cellular and molecular mechanisms may provide the key to development of effective neuropathic pain therapies that have minimal side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valencia Fernandes
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Dilip Sharma
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Shivani Vaidya
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Shantanu P A
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Yun Guan
- b Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Kiran Kalia
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India.,b Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Wang K, Lin M, Li Q, Hong Y. Inhibition of morphine tolerance by MrgC receptor via modulation of interleukin-1β and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in dorsal root ganglia in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:10-17. [PMID: 28993160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Opiate tolerance is a critical issue in pain management. Previous studies show that activation of Mas-related gene (Mrg) C receptor can modulate the development of morphine tolerance. This study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanism(s). Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of morphine (20µg) increased the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in small- and medium-sized neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Co-administration of bovine adrenal medulla 8-22 (BAM8-22), a selective MrgC receptor agonist, via i.t. route inhibited the increase of IL-1β and MMP-9 in the DRG. Exposure of DRG cultures to morphine (3.3μM) for 3 or 5 days, but not for 1 day, induced an increase in MMP-9 mRNA expression. The treatment with BAM8-22 (10nM) for 20, 40 or 60min abolished chronic (5 days) morphine-induced increase of MMP-9 mRNA in the cultured DRG. The treatment with BAM8-22 for 1h inhibited chronic morphine-induced increase of MMP-9 and IL-1β mRNA in DRG but these effects were abolished by MrgC receptor antibody. The treatment with BAM8-22 for 24 and 72h respectively inhibited and enhanced morphine-induced expression of MMP-9 and IL-1β mRNA in the cultured DRG. The BAM8-22-induced inhibition and enhancement were abolished by MrgC receptor antibody. The results suggest that the inhibition of IL-1β and MMP-9 expressions in DRG underlain the modulation of morphine tolerance by the acute activation of MrgC receptors. The chronic activation of MrgC receptors can facilitate morphine-induced increase of MMP-9 and IL-1β expressions in DRG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Minyan Lin
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Qi Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Yanguo Hong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China.
| |
Collapse
|