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Calakos N, Caffall ZF. The integrated stress response pathway and neuromodulator signaling in the brain: lessons learned from dystonia. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e177833. [PMID: 38557486 PMCID: PMC10977992 DOI: 10.1172/jci177833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is a highly conserved biochemical pathway involved in maintaining proteostasis and cell health in the face of diverse stressors. In this Review, we discuss a relatively noncanonical role for the ISR in neuromodulatory neurons and its implications for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Beyond its roles in stress response, the ISR has been extensively studied in the brain, where it potently influences learning and memory, and in the process of synaptic plasticity, which is a substrate for adaptive behavior. Recent findings demonstrate that some neuromodulatory neuron types engage the ISR in an "always-on" mode, rather than the more canonical "on-demand" response to transient perturbations. Atypical demand for the ISR in neuromodulatory neurons introduces an additional mechanism to consider when investigating ISR effects on synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. This basic science discovery emerged from a consideration of how the ISR might be contributing to human disease. To highlight how, in scientific discovery, the route from starting point to outcomes can often be circuitous and full of surprise, we begin by describing our group's initial introduction to the ISR, which arose from a desire to understand causes for a rare movement disorder, dystonia. Ultimately, the unexpected connection led to a deeper understanding of its fundamental role in the biology of neuromodulatory neurons, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Calakos
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Neurobiology, and
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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2
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Lin WS. Translating Genetic Discovery into a Mechanistic Understanding of Pediatric Movement Disorders: Lessons from Genetic Dystonias and Related Disorders. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:2200018. [PMID: 37288166 PMCID: PMC10242408 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The era of next-generation sequencing has increased the pace of gene discovery in the field of pediatric movement disorders. Following the identification of novel disease-causing genes, several studies have aimed to link the molecular and clinical aspects of these disorders. This perspective presents the developing stories of several childhood-onset movement disorders, including paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, myoclonus-dystonia syndrome, and other monogenic dystonias. These stories illustrate how gene discovery helps focus the research efforts of scientists trying to understand the mechanisms of disease. The genetic diagnosis of these clinical syndromes also helps clarify the associated phenotypic spectra and aids the search for additional disease-causing genes. Collectively, the findings of previous studies have led to increased recognition of the role of the cerebellum in the physiology and pathophysiology of motor control-a common theme in many pediatric movement disorders. To fully exploit the genetic information garnered in the clinical and research arenas, it is crucial that corresponding multi-omics analyses and functional studies also be performed at scale. Hopefully, these integrated efforts will provide us with a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic and neurobiological bases of movement disorders in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pediatrics Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan
- School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 112304 Taiwan
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3
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Milosavljević F, Brusini I, Atanasov A, Manojlović M, Vučić M, Oreščanin-Dušić Z, Brkljačić J, Miljević Č, Nikolić-Kokić A, Blagojević D, Wang C, Damberg P, Pešić V, Tyndale RF, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Jukić MM. The humanised CYP2C19 transgenic mouse exhibits cerebellar atrophy and movement impairment reminiscent of ataxia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12867. [PMID: 36536486 PMCID: PMC10108232 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS CYP2C19 transgenic mouse expresses the human CYP2C19 gene in the liver and developing brain, and it exhibits altered neurodevelopment associated with impairments in emotionality and locomotion. Because the validation of new animal models is essential for the understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of movement disorders, the objective was to characterise motoric phenotype in CYP2C19 transgenic mice and to investigate its validity as a new animal model of ataxia. METHODS The rotarod, paw-print and beam-walking tests were utilised to characterise the motoric phenotype. The volumes of 20 brain regions in CYP2C19 transgenic and wild-type mice were quantified by 9.4T gadolinium-enhanced post-mortem structural neuroimaging. Antioxidative enzymatic activity was quantified biochemically. Dopaminergic alterations were characterised by chromatographic quantification of concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites and by subsequent immunohistochemical analyses. The beam-walking test was repeated after the treatment with dopamine receptor antagonists ecopipam and raclopride. RESULTS CYP2C19 transgenic mice exhibit abnormal, unilateral ataxia-like gait, clasping reflex and 5.6-fold more paw-slips in the beam-walking test; the motoric phenotype was more pronounced in youth. Transgenic mice exhibited a profound reduction of 12% in cerebellar volume and a moderate reduction of 4% in hippocampal volume; both regions exhibited an increased antioxidative enzyme activity. CYP2C19 mice were hyperdopaminergic; however, the motoric impairment was not ameliorated by dopamine receptor antagonists, and there was no alteration in the number of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in CYP2C19 mice. CONCLUSIONS Humanised CYP2C19 transgenic mice exhibit altered gait and functional motoric impairments; this phenotype is likely caused by an aberrant cerebellar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Milosavljević
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irene Brusini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Andrea Atanasov
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Manojlović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Vučić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Oreščanin-Dušić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Čedo Miljević
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute for Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Blagojević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Chunliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter Damberg
- Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Vesna Pešić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marin M Jukić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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El Atiallah I, Bonsi P, Tassone A, Martella G, Biella G, Castagno AN, Pisani A, Ponterio G. Synaptic Dysfunction in Dystonia: Update From Experimental Models. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2310-2322. [PMID: 37464831 PMCID: PMC10556390 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230718100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystonia, the third most common movement disorder, refers to a heterogeneous group of neurological diseases characterized by involuntary, sustained or intermittent muscle contractions resulting in repetitive twisting movements and abnormal postures. In the last few years, several studies on animal models helped expand our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying dystonia. These findings have reinforced the notion that the synaptic alterations found mainly in the basal ganglia and cerebellum, including the abnormal neurotransmitters signalling, receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity, are a common hallmark of different forms of dystonia. In this review, we focus on the major contribution provided by rodent models of DYT-TOR1A, DYT-THAP1, DYT-GNAL, DYT/ PARK-GCH1, DYT/PARK-TH and DYT-SGCE dystonia, which reveal that an abnormal motor network and synaptic dysfunction represent key elements in the pathophysiology of dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham El Atiallah
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio N. Castagno
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Hori RT, Moshahid Khan M, Xiao J, Hargrove PW, Moss T, LeDoux MS. Behavioral and molecular effects of Ubtf knockout and knockdown in mice. Brain Res 2022; 1793:148053. [PMID: 35973608 PMCID: PMC10908547 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The UBTF E210K neuroregression syndrome is caused by de novo dominant mutations in UBTF (NM_014233.3:c.628G > A, p.Glu210Lys). In humans, onset is typically at 2.5 to 3 years and characterized by slow progression of global motor, cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. Other potentially pathogenic UBTF variants have been reported in humans with severe neurological disease and it remains undetermined if the UBTF E210K mutation operates via gain- and/or loss-of-function. Here we examine the behavioral, cognitive, motor, and molecular effects of Ubtf knockout and knockdown in mice as a means of gauging the role of loss-of-function in humans. Ubtf+/- mice show progression of behavioral (dominance tube), cognitive (cross maze), and mild motor abnormalities from 3 to 18 months. At 18 months, Ubtf+/- mice had more slips on a raised 9-mm round beam task, shorter latencies to fall on the accelerated rotarod, reduced open field vertical and jump counts, and significant deficits in spatial learning and memory. Via crosses to Nestin-Cre (NesCre) mice we found that homozygous Ubtf deletion limited to the central nervous system was embryonic lethal. Tamoxifen-induced homozygous knockdown of Ubtf in adult mice with the Cre-ERT2 system was associated with precipitous deterioration in neurological functioning. At the molecular level, 18-month-old Ubtf+/- mice showed mild increases in cerebellar 53BP1 immunoreactivity. These findings show that UBTF is essential for embryogenesis and survival in adults, and the deleterious effects of UBTF haploinsufficiency progress with age. Loss-of-function mechanisms may contribute, in part, to the human UBTF E210K neuroregression syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick T Hori
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Phillip W Hargrove
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tom Moss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; Veracity Neuroscience, Memphis, TN, 38157, USA.
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6
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Imbriani P, Sciamanna G, El Atiallah I, Cerri S, Hess EJ, Pisani A. Synaptic effects of ethanol on striatal circuitry: therapeutic implications for dystonia. FEBS J 2022; 289:5834-5849. [PMID: 34217152 PMCID: PMC9786552 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption affects motor behavior and motor control. Both acute and chronic alcohol abuse have been extensively investigated; however, the therapeutic efficacy of alcohol on some movement disorders, such as myoclonus-dystonia or essential tremor, still does not have a plausible mechanistic explanation. Yet, there are surprisingly few systematic trials with known GABAergic drugs mimicking the effect of alcohol on neurotransmission. In this brief survey, we aim to summarize the effects of EtOH on striatal function, providing an overview of its cellular and synaptic actions in a 'circuit-centered' view. In addition, we will review both experimental and clinical evidence, in the attempt to provide a plausible mechanistic explanation for alcohol-responsive movement disorders, with particular emphasis on dystonia. Different hypotheses emerge, which may provide a rationale for the utilization of drugs that mimic alcohol effects, predicting potential drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Imbriani
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’Italy,IRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Sciamanna
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’Italy,IRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
| | - Ilham El Atiallah
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’Italy,IRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
| | | | - Ellen J. Hess
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and NeurologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Antonio Pisani
- IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly,Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaItaly
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7
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Yokoi F, Chen HX, Oleas J, Dang MT, Xing H, Dexter KM, Li Y. Characterization of the direct pathway in Dyt1 ΔGAG heterozygous knock-in mice and dopamine receptor 1-expressing-cell-specific Dyt1 conditional knockout mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 411:113381. [PMID: 34038798 PMCID: PMC8323984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
DYT1 dystonia is a movement disorder mainly caused by a trinucleotide deletion (ΔGAG) in DYT1 (TOR1A), coding for torsinA. DYT1 dystonia patients show trends of decreased striatal ligand-binding activities to dopamine receptors 1 (D1R) and 2 (D2R). Dyt1 ΔGAG knock-in (KI) mice, which have the corresponding ΔGAG deletion, similarly exhibit reduced striatal D1R and D2R-binding activities and their expression levels. While the consequences of D2R reduction have been well characterized, relatively little is known about the effect of D1R reduction. Here, locomotor responses to D1R and D2R antagonists were examined in Dyt1 KI mice. Dyt1 KI mice showed significantly less responsiveness to both D1R antagonist SCH 23390 and D2R antagonist raclopride. The electrophysiological recording indicated that Dyt1 KI mice showed a significantly increased paired-pulse ratio of the striatal D1R-expressing medium spiny neurons and altered miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. To analyze the in vivo torsinA function in the D1R-expressing neurons further, Dyt1 conditional knockout (Dyt1 d1KO) mice in these neurons were generated. Dyt1 d1KO mice had decreased spontaneous locomotor activity and reduced numbers of slips in the beam-walking test. Dyt1 d1KO male mice showed abnormal gait. Dyt1 d1KO mice showed defective striatal D1R maturation. Moreover, the mutant striatal D1R-expressing medium spiny neurons had increased capacitance, decreased sEPSC frequency, and reduced intrinsic excitability. The results suggest that torsinA in the D1R-expressing cells plays an important role in the electrophysiological function and motor performance. Medical interventions to the direct pathway may affect the onset and symptoms of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Yokoi
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0236, USA.
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0236, USA
| | - Janneth Oleas
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0236, USA
| | - Mai Tu Dang
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0236, USA
| | - Hong Xing
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0236, USA
| | - Kelly M Dexter
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0236, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0236, USA.
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8
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Yokoi F, Dang MT, Zhang L, Dexter KM, Efimenko I, Krishnaswamy S, Villanueva M, Misztal CI, Gerard M, Lynch P, Li Y. Reversal of motor-skill transfer impairment by trihexyphenidyl and reduction of dorsolateral striatal cholinergic interneurons in Dyt1 ΔGAG knock-in mice. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 11:1-7. [PMID: 34189496 PMCID: PMC8215213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DYT-TOR1A or DYT1 early-onset generalized dystonia is an inherited movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions causing twisting, repetitive movements, or abnormal postures. The majority of the DYT1 dystonia patients have a trinucleotide GAG deletion in DYT1/TOR1A. Trihexyphenidyl (THP), an antagonist for excitatory muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, is commonly used to treat dystonia. Dyt1 heterozygous ΔGAG knock-in (KI) mice, which have the corresponding mutation, exhibit impaired motor-skill transfer. Here, the effect of THP injection during the treadmill training period on the motor-skill transfer to the accelerated rotarod performance was examined. THP treatment reversed the motor-skill transfer impairment in Dyt1 KI mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that Dyt1 KI mice had a significant reduction of the dorsolateral striatal cholinergic interneurons. In contrast, Western blot analysis showed no significant alteration in the expression levels of the striatal enzymes and transporters involved in the acetylcholine metabolism. The results suggest a functional alteration of the cholinergic system underlying the impairment of motor-skill transfer and the pathogenesis of DYT1 dystonia. Training with THP in a motor task may improve another motor skill performance in DYT1 dystonia.
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Key Words
- ACh, acetylcholine
- AChE, acetylcholinesterase
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CI, confidence interval
- ChAT, choline acetyltransferase
- ChI, cholinergic interneuron
- ChT, choline transporter
- Cholinergic interneuron
- DAB, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine
- DF, degrees of freedom
- Dystonia
- Dyt1 KI mice, Dyt1 ΔGAG heterozygous knock-in mice
- GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- KO, knockout
- LTD, long-term depression
- Motor learning
- PB, phosphate buffer
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PET, positron emission tomography
- Rotarod
- THP, trihexyphenidyl
- TOR1A
- TorsinA
- TrkA, tropomyosin receptor kinase A
- VAChT, vesicular acetylcholine transporter
- WT, wild-type
- n.s., not significant
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Yokoi
- Norman Fixel Institute of Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Mai Tu Dang
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Norman Fixel Institute of Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kelly M Dexter
- Norman Fixel Institute of Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Iakov Efimenko
- Norman Fixel Institute of Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Shiv Krishnaswamy
- Norman Fixel Institute of Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Matthew Villanueva
- Norman Fixel Institute of Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Carly I Misztal
- Norman Fixel Institute of Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Malinda Gerard
- Norman Fixel Institute of Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Patrick Lynch
- Norman Fixel Institute of Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Norman Fixel Institute of Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
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Cazurro-Gutiérrez A, Marcé-Grau A, Correa-Vela M, Salazar A, Vanegas MI, Macaya A, Bayés À, Pérez-Dueñas B. ε-Sarcoglycan: Unraveling the Myoclonus-Dystonia Gene. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3938-3952. [PMID: 33886091 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Myoclonus-dystonia (MD) is a rare childhood-onset movement disorder, with an estimated prevalence of about 2 per 1,000,.000 in Europe, characterized by myoclonic jerks in combination with focal or segmental dystonia. Pathogenic variants in the gene encoding ε-sarcoglycan (SGCE), a maternally imprinted gene, are the most frequent genetic cause of MD. To date, the exact role of ε-sarcoglycan and the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to MD are still unknown. However, there are more than 40 reported isoforms of human ε-sarcoglycan, pointing to a complex biology of this protein. Additionally, some of these are brain-specific isoforms, which may suggest an important role within the central nervous system. In the present review, we aim to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of ε-sarcoglycan. We will focus on the genetic landscape of SGCE and the presence and plausible role of ε-sarcoglycan in the brain. Finally, we discuss the importance of the brain-specific isoforms and hypothesize that SGCE may play essential roles in normal synaptic functioning and their alteration will be strongly related to MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cazurro-Gutiérrez
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Marcé-Grau
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Correa-Vela
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainara Salazar
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Paediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María I Vanegas
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Macaya
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Paediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àlex Bayés
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Paediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Paediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Kuipers DJS, Mandemakers W, Lu CS, Olgiati S, Breedveld GJ, Fevga C, Tadic V, Carecchio M, Osterman B, Sagi-Dain L, Wu-Chou YH, Chen CC, Chang HC, Wu SL, Yeh TH, Weng YH, Elia AE, Panteghini C, Marotta N, Pauly MG, Kühn AA, Volkmann J, Lace B, Meijer IA, Kandaswamy K, Quadri M, Garavaglia B, Lohmann K, Bauer P, Mencacci NE, Lubbe SJ, Klein C, Bertoli-Avella AM, Bonifati V. EIF2AK2 Missense Variants Associated with Early Onset Generalized Dystonia. Ann Neurol 2020; 89:485-497. [PMID: 33236446 PMCID: PMC7986743 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective The study was undertaken to identify a monogenic cause of early onset, generalized dystonia. Methods Methods consisted of genome‐wide linkage analysis, exome and Sanger sequencing, clinical neurological examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and protein expression studies in skin fibroblasts from patients. Results We identified a heterozygous variant, c.388G>A, p.Gly130Arg, in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2 (EIF2AK2) gene, segregating with early onset isolated generalized dystonia in 5 patients of a Taiwanese family. EIF2AK2 sequencing in 191 unrelated patients with unexplained dystonia yielded 2 unrelated Caucasian patients with an identical heterozygous c.388G>A, p.Gly130Arg variant, occurring de novo in one case, another patient carrying a different heterozygous variant, c.413G>C, p.Gly138Ala, and one last patient, born from consanguineous parents, carrying a third, homozygous variant c.95A>C, p.Asn32Thr. These 3 missense variants are absent from gnomAD, and are located in functional domains of the encoded protein. In 3 patients, additional neurological manifestations were present, including intellectual disability and spasticity. EIF2AK2 encodes a kinase (protein kinase R [PKR]) that phosphorylates eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), which orchestrates the cellular stress response. Our expression studies showed abnormally enhanced activation of the cellular stress response, monitored by PKR‐mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α, in fibroblasts from patients with EIF2AK2 variants. Intriguingly, PKR can also be regulated by PRKRA (protein interferon‐inducible double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase activator A), the product of another gene causing monogenic dystonia. Interpretation We identified EIF2AK2 variants implicated in early onset generalized dystonia, which can be dominantly or recessively inherited, or occur de novo. Our findings provide direct evidence for a key role of a dysfunctional eIF2α pathway in the pathogenesis of dystonia. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:485–497
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Affiliation(s)
- Demy J S Kuipers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Mandemakers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Professor Lu Neurological Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Simone Olgiati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guido J Breedveld
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Fevga
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Tadic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Miryam Carecchio
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Bradley Osterman
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lena Sagi-Dain
- Genetics Institute, Carmel Medical Center, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yah-Huei Wu-Chou
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiung C Chen
- Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Chang
- Professor Lu Neurological Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Lin Wu
- Department Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Chunghua, Taiwan
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Weng
- Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Antonio E Elia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Celeste Panteghini
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Marotta
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology and Simpson Querry Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martje G Pauly
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität of Berlin and Humboldt, Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Baiba Lace
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Inge A Meijer
- Department of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Marialuisa Quadri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Niccolò E Mencacci
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology and Simpson Querry Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven J Lubbe
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology and Simpson Querry Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Weissbach A, Saranza G, Domingo A. Combined dystonias: clinical and genetic updates. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 128:417-429. [PMID: 33099685 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic combined dystonias are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurologic disorders defined by the overlap of dystonia and other movement disorders such as parkinsonism or myoclonus. The number of genes associated with combined dystonia syndromes has been increasing due to the wider recognition of clinical features and broader use of genetic testing. Nevertheless, these diseases are still rare and represent only a small subgroup among all dystonias. Dopa-responsive dystonia (DYT/PARK-GCH1), rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (DYT/PARK-ATP1A3), X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP, DYT/PARK-TAF1), and young-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (DYT/PARK-PRKRA) are monogenic combined dystonias accompanied by parkinsonian features. Meanwhile, MYC/DYT-SGCE and MYC/DYT-KCTD17 are characterized by dystonia in combination with myoclonus. In the past, common molecular pathways between these syndromes were the center of interest. Although the encoded proteins rather affect diverse cellular functions, recent neurophysiological evidence suggests similarities in the underlying mechanism in a subset. This review summarizes recent developments in the combined dystonias, focusing on clinico-genetic features and neurophysiologic findings. Disease-modifying therapies remain unavailable to date; an overview of symptomatic therapies for these disorders is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gerard Saranza
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aloysius Domingo
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Dystonia 16 (DYT16) mutations in PACT cause dysregulated PKR activation and eIF2α signaling leading to a compromised stress response. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 146:105135. [PMID: 33049316 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystonia 16 (DYT16) is caused by mutations in PACT, the protein activator of interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). PKR regulates the integrated stress response (ISR) via phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α. This post-translational modification attenuates general protein synthesis while concomitantly triggering enhanced translation of a few specific transcripts leading either to recovery and homeostasis or cellular apoptosis depending on the intensity and duration of stress signals. PKR plays a regulatory role in determining the cellular response to viral infections, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and growth factor deprivation. In the absence of stress, both PACT and PKR are bound by their inhibitor transactivation RNA-binding protein (TRBP) thereby keeping PKR inactive. Under conditions of cellular stress these inhibitory interactions dissociate facilitating PACT-PACT interactions critical for PKR activation. While both PACT-TRBP and PKR-TRBP interactions are pro-survival, PACT-PACT and PACT-PKR interactions are pro-apoptotic. In this study we evaluate if five DYT16 substitution mutations alter PKR activation and ISR. Our results indicate that the mutant DYT16 proteins show stronger PACT-PACT interactions and enhanced PKR activation. In DYT16 patient derived lymphoblasts the enhanced PACT-PKR interactions and heightened PKR activation leads to a dysregulation of ISR and increased apoptosis. More importantly, this enhanced sensitivity to ER stress can be rescued by luteolin, which disrupts PACT-PKR interactions. Our results not only demonstrate the impact of DYT16 mutations on regulation of ISR and DYT16 etiology but indicate that therapeutic interventions could be possible after a further evaluation of such strategies.
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13
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Wu J, Tang H, Chen S, Cao L. Mechanisms and Pharmacotherapy for Ethanol-Responsive Movement Disorders. Front Neurol 2020; 11:892. [PMID: 32982923 PMCID: PMC7477383 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol-responsive movement disorders are a group of movement disorders of which clinical manifestation could receive significant improvement after ethanol intake, including essential tremor, myoclonus-dystonia, and some other hyperkinesia. Emerging evidence supports that the sensitivity of these conditions to ethanol might be attributed to similar anatomical targets and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Cerebellum and cerebellum-related networks play a critical role in these diseases. Suppression of inhibitory neurotransmission and hyper-excitability of these regions are the key points for pathogenesis. GABA pathways, the main inhibitory system involved in these regions, were firstly linked to the pathogenesis of these diseases, and GABAA receptors and GABAB receptors play critical roles in ethanol responsiveness. Moreover, impairment of low-voltage-activated calcium channels, which were considered as a contributor to oscillation activity of the nervous system, also participates in the sensitivity of ethanol in relevant disease. Glutamate transporters and receptors that are closely associated with GABA pathways are the action sites for ethanol as well. Accordingly, alternative medicines aiming at these shared mechanisms appeared subsequently to mimic ethanol-like effects with less liability, and some of them have achieved positive effects on different diseases with well-tolerance. However, more clinical trials with a large sample and long-term follow-ups are needed for pragmatic use of these medicines, and further investigations on mechanisms will continue to deepen the understanding of these diseases and also accelerate the discovery of ideal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Atkinson-Clement C, Tarrano C, Porte CA, Wattiez N, Delorme C, McGovern EM, Brochard V, Thobois S, Tranchant C, Grabli D, Degos B, Corvol JC, Pedespan JM, Krystkoviak P, Houeto JL, Degardin A, Defebvre L, Valabregue R, Rosso C, Apartis E, Vidailhet M, Pouget P, Roze E, Worbe Y. Dissociation in reactive and proactive inhibitory control in Myoclonus dystonia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13933. [PMID: 32811896 PMCID: PMC7434767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoclonus-dystonia (MD) is a syndrome characterized by myoclonus of subcortical origin and dystonia, frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities. The motor and psychiatric phenotypes of this syndrome likely result from cortico-striato-thamalo-cerebellar-cortical pathway dysfunction. We hypothesized that reactive and proactive inhibitory control may be altered in these patients. Using the Stop Signal Task, we assessed reactive and proactive inhibitory control in MD patients with (n = 12) and without (n = 21) deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna and compared their performance to matched healthy controls (n = 24). Reactive inhibition was considered as the ability to stop an already initiated action and measured using the stop signal reaction time. Proactive inhibition was assessed through the influence of several consecutive GO or STOP trials on decreased response time or inhibitory process facilitation. The proactive inhibition was solely impaired in unoperated MD patients. Patients with deep brain stimulation showed impairment in reactive inhibition, independent of presence of obsessive–compulsive disorders. This impairment in reactive inhibitory control correlated with intrinsic severity of myoclonus (i.e. pre-operative score). The results point to a dissociation in reactive and proactive inhibitory control in MD patients with and without deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Atkinson-Clement
- Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France
| | - Clement Tarrano
- Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, CHU Côte de Nacre, Université Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Camille-Albane Porte
- Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Wattiez
- Inserm, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Delorme
- Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Eavan M McGovern
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, St Vincent's University Hospital Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vanessa Brochard
- INSERM/APHP, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, University of Lyon, Bron, France.,Service de Neurologie C, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Christine Tranchant
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Grabli
- Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Degos
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Avicennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre Krystkoviak
- Department of Neurology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Luc Houeto
- Service de Neurologie, CIC-INSERM 1402, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Adrian Degardin
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Luc Defebvre
- INSERM, U1171-Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France.,Lille Centre of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases (LiCEND), Lille, France
| | - Romain Valabregue
- Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France.,UMR S 975, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Rosso
- Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Apartis
- Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France.,Department of Neurophysiology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Pouget
- Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France. .,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, 75013, Paris, France. .,Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France. .,Department of Neurophysiology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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15
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Wang X, Yu X. Deep brain stimulation for myoclonus dystonia syndrome: a meta-analysis with individual patient data. Neurosurg Rev 2020; 44:451-462. [PMID: 31900736 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-019-01233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Good outcomes have been reported in deep brain stimulation (DBS) for myoclonus-dystonia syndrome (M-D), a heritable disease characterized by childhood-onset myoclonic jerks and dystonia in the upper body. This meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical outcomes consecutively, compare the stimulation targets, and identify potential prognostic factors. A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The primary outcome was the percent improvement in Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale movement (BFMDRS-M) scores for dystonia and Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale (UMRS) scores for myoclonus at the last follow-up visit. BFMDRS-disability scores of the patients were also summarized. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to identify the myoclonus and dystonia outcome predictors. Thirty-one studies reporting 71 patients were included. There were significant improvements in BFMDRS-M and BFMDRS-disability scores in each time category and at the last follow-up visit. Mean improvement (%) in UMRS was 79.5 ± 18.2, and 94.1% of the patients showed > 50% improvement in UMRS scores at the last follow-up visit. There was a significant trend toward improved myoclonus outcome with older age at onset and shorter disease duration. Most of the adverse events were mild and transient, and pallidal stimulation seemed to be better with respect to fewer stimulation-induced events. Based on the current data, DBS is effective for even the severe M-D. Surgery at an early stage may predict a better outcome. Although targets do not serve as the outcome predictors, pallidal stimulation may be preferred due to fewer stimulation-induced events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinguang Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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16
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Washburn S, Fremont R, Moreno-Escobar MC, Angueyra C, Khodakhah K. Acute cerebellar knockdown of Sgce reproduces salient features of myoclonus-dystonia (DYT11) in mice. eLife 2019; 8:52101. [PMID: 31868164 PMCID: PMC6959989 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoclonus dystonia (DYT11) is a movement disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in SGCE and characterized by involuntary jerking and dystonia that frequently improve after drinking alcohol. Existing transgenic mouse models of DYT11 exhibit only mild motor symptoms, possibly due to rodent-specific developmental compensation mechanisms, which have limited the study of neural mechanisms underlying DYT11. To circumvent potential compensation, we used short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to acutely knock down Sgce in the adult mouse and found that this approach produced dystonia and repetitive, myoclonic-like, jerking movements in mice that improved after administration of ethanol. Acute knockdown of Sgce in the cerebellum, but not the basal ganglia, produced motor symptoms, likely due to aberrant cerebellar activity. The acute knockdown model described here reproduces the salient features of DYT11 and provides a platform to study the mechanisms underlying symptoms of the disorder, and to explore potential therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Washburn
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Rachel Fremont
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Maria Camila Moreno-Escobar
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Chantal Angueyra
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Kamran Khodakhah
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
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17
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Khan MM, Xiao J, Hollingsworth TJ, Patel D, Selley DE, Ring TL, LeDoux MS. Gnal haploinsufficiency causes genomic instability and increased sensitivity to haloperidol. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:61-70. [PMID: 31034808 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
GNAL encodes guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit Gα(olf) which plays a key role in striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN)-dopamine signaling. GNAL loss-of-function mutations are causally-associated with isolated dystonia, a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures. Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) blockers such as haloperidol are mainstays in the treatment of psychosis but may contribute to the development of secondary acute and tardive dystonia. Administration of haloperidol promotes cAMP-dependent signaling in D2R-expressing indirect pathway MSNs. At present, little is known about the cellular relationships among isolated, acute, and tardive dystonia. Herein, we report the effects of acute D2R blockade on motor behavior, DNA repair, cAMP-mediated histone H3 phosphorylation (Ser10), and cell death in Gnal+/- mice and their isogenic Gnal+/+ littermates. In comparison to Gnal+/+ littermates, Gnal+/- mice exhibited increased catalepsy responses, persistent DNA breaks, decreased cAMP-dependent histone H3 phosphorylation (Ser10), and increased cell death in response to haloperidol. In striatum, aged Gnal+/- mice exhibited increased global DNA methylation, increased euchromatin, and dendritic structural abnormalities. Our results provide evidence that Gα(olf) deficiency intensifies the effects of D2R antagonism and suggests that loss-of-function variants in GNAL may increase risk for movement disorders associated with D2R blockers. We hypothesize that the effects of Gα(olf) dysfunction and/or long-term D2R antagonism may lead to epigenetic silencing, transcriptional dysregulation, and, ultimately, cellular senescence and/or apoptosis in human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - T J Hollingsworth
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Damini Patel
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Trevor L Ring
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present study will highlight recent advances in the field of myoclonus-dystonia with a focus on clinical aspects, pathogenesis, and treatment. We will also discuss genetics, classification issues, and diagnostic criteria. RECENT FINDINGS Myoclonus-dystonia is a clinical syndrome corresponding to the phenotype linked to SGCE, the main causative gene. Childhood-onset myoclonus that predominates over dystonia with prominent upper body involvement, an absence of truncal dystonia, associated anxiety or compulsivity, and a positive family history are helpful diagnostic clues. Recent studies demonstrated that zonisamide is an interesting therapeutic option in myoclonus-dystonia, and that bilateral pallidal stimulation has major and lasting therapeutic effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that an alteration in cerebello-thalamic pathway function may play a prominent role and that this is possibly related to a GABAergic deficit reflecting Purkinje cell dysfunction. Impaired striatal plasticity and disturbed serotonin homeostasis may also be implicated. Newly available cellular and rodent models may further assist in investigating the pathogenesis of this disorder. SUMMARY Comprehensive analysis of the phenotype and precise classification are important in patients with myoclonus and dystonia to identify homogeneous groups of patients. This is critical to guide tailored therapeutic strategies and promote effective research.
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Kosutzka Z, Tisch S, Bonnet C, Ruiz M, Hainque E, Welter M, Viallet F, Karachi C, Navarro S, Jahanshahi M, Rivaud‐Pechoux S, Grabli D, Roze E, Vidailhet M. Long‐term GPi‐DBS improves motor features in myoclonus‐dystonia and enhances social adjustment. Mov Disord 2018; 34:87-94. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kosutzka
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine; CNRS UMR 7225, UMR S 1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Paris France
- Second Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Stephen Tisch
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Cecilia Bonnet
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine; CNRS UMR 7225, UMR S 1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Paris France
- APHP, Hôpital Salpêtrière Département de Neurologie Paris France
| | - Marta Ruiz
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine; CNRS UMR 7225, UMR S 1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Paris France
- APHP, Hôpital Salpêtrière Département de Neurologie Paris France
| | - Elodie Hainque
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine; CNRS UMR 7225, UMR S 1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Paris France
- APHP, Hôpital Salpêtrière Département de Neurologie Paris France
| | - Marie‐Laure Welter
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine; CNRS UMR 7225, UMR S 1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Paris France
- Neurophysiology Department CHU Rouen Rouen France
| | - Francois Viallet
- Laboratoire Parole et Langage, UMR 7309 Aix‐Marseille University Aix‐en‐Provence France
- Neurology Department Aix en Provence Hospital Aix‐en‐Provence France
| | - Carine Karachi
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine; CNRS UMR 7225, UMR S 1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Paris France
- APHP, Hôpital Salpêtrière Département de Neurochirurgie Paris France
| | - Soledad Navarro
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine; CNRS UMR 7225, UMR S 1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Paris France
- APHP, Hôpital Salpêtrière Département de Neurochirurgie Paris France
| | - Marjan Jahanshahi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders and the National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery London UK
| | - Sophie Rivaud‐Pechoux
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine; CNRS UMR 7225, UMR S 1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Paris France
| | - David Grabli
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine; CNRS UMR 7225, UMR S 1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Paris France
- APHP, Hôpital Salpêtrière Département de Neurologie Paris France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine; CNRS UMR 7225, UMR S 1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Paris France
- APHP, Hôpital Salpêtrière Département de Neurologie Paris France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine; CNRS UMR 7225, UMR S 1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Paris France
- APHP, Hôpital Salpêtrière Département de Neurologie Paris France
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20
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Khan MM, Xiao J, Patel D, LeDoux MS. DNA damage and neurodegenerative phenotypes in aged Ciz1 null mice. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 62:180-190. [PMID: 29154038 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cycle dysfunction and faulty DNA repair are closely intertwined pathobiological processes that may contribute to several neurodegenerative disorders. CDKN1A interacting zinc finger protein 1 (CIZ1) plays a critical role in DNA replication and cell-cycle progression at the G1/S checkpoint. Germline or somatic variants in CIZ1 have been linked to several neural and extra-neural diseases. Recently, we showed that germline knockout of Ciz1 is associated with motor and hematological abnormalities in young adult mice. However, the effects of CIZ1 deficiency in much older mice may be more relevant to understanding age-related declines in cognitive and motor functioning and age-related neurologic disorders such as isolated dystonia and Alzheimer disease. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts from Ciz1-/- mice showed abnormal sensitivity to the effects of γ-irradiation with persistent DNA breaks, aberrant cell-cycle progression, and apoptosis. Aged (18-month-old) Ciz1-/- mice exhibited marked deficits in motor and cognitive functioning, and, in brain tissues, overt DNA damage, NF-κB upregulation, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and cell death. These findings indicate that the deleterious effects of CIZ1 deficiency become more pronounced with aging and suggest that defects of cell-cycle control and associated DNA repair pathways in postmitotic neurons could contribute to global neurologic decline in elderly human populations. Accordingly, the G1/S cell-cycle checkpoint and associated DNA repair pathways may be targets for the prevention and treatment of age-related neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Damini Patel
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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21
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Xiao J, Khan MM, Vemula S, Tian J, LeDoux MS. Consequences of Cre-mediated deletion of Ciz1 exon 5 in mice. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3101-3110. [PMID: 30098009 PMCID: PMC6275157 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CIZ1 plays a role in DNA synthesis at the G1/S checkpoint. Ciz1 gene-trap null mice manifest motor dysfunction, cell-cycle abnormalities, and DNA damage. In contrast, it has previously been reported that mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from presumed Ciz1 knock-out mice (Ciz1tm1.1Homy/tm1.1Homy ) generated by crossing Cre-expressing mice with exon 5-floxed mice (Ciz1tm1Homy/tm1Homy ) do not exhibit evidence of enhanced DNA damage following γ-irradiation or cell-cycle defects. Here, we report that Ciz1tm1.1Homy/tm1.1Homy mice show loss of Ciz1 exon 5 but are neurologically normal and express abnormal transcripts (Ciz1ΔE5/ΔE5 mice) that are translated into one or more proteins of approximate wild-type size. Therefore, Ciz1tm1.1Homy/tm1.1Homy mice (Ciz1ΔE5/ΔE5 ) lose residues encoded by exon 5 but may gain function from novel amino acid sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xiao
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Satya Vemula
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jun Tian
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Mark S. LeDoux
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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22
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A novel SGCE gene mutation in a Moroccan sporadic case with myoclonus-dystonia syndrome. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Toro C, Hori RT, Malicdan MCV, Tifft CJ, Goldstein A, Gahl WA, Adams DR, Fauni HB, Wolfe LA, Xiao J, Khan MM, Tian J, Hope KA, Reiter LT, Tremblay MG, Moss T, Franks AL, Balak C, LeDoux MS. A recurrent de novo missense mutation in UBTF causes developmental neuroregression. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:691-705. [PMID: 29300972 PMCID: PMC5886272 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UBTF (upstream binding transcription factor) exists as two isoforms; UBTF1 regulates rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase 1, whereas UBTF2 regulates mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase 2. Herein, we describe 4 patients with very similar patterns of neuroregression due to recurrent de novo mutations in UBTF (GRCh37/hg19, NC_000017.10: g.42290219C > T, NM_014233.3: c.628G > A) resulting in the same amino acid change in both UBTF1 and UBTF2 (p.Glu210Lys [p.E210K]). Disease onset in our cohort was at 2.5 to 3 years and characterized by slow progression of global motor, cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. Notable early features included hypotonia with a floppy gait, high-pitched dysarthria and hyperactivity. Later features included aphasia, dystonia, and spasticity. Speech and ambulatory ability were lost by the early teens. Magnetic resonance imaging showed progressive generalized cerebral atrophy (supratentorial > infratentorial) with involvement of both gray and white matter. Patient fibroblasts showed normal levels of UBTF transcripts, increased expression of pre-rRNA and 18S rRNA, nucleolar abnormalities, markedly increased numbers of DNA breaks, defective cell-cycle progression, and apoptosis. Expression of mutant human UBTF1 in Drosophila neurons was lethal. Although no loss-of-function variants are reported in the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) database and Ubtf-/- is early embryonic lethal in mice, Ubtf+/- mice displayed only mild motor and behavioral dysfunction in adulthood. Our data underscore the importance of including UBTF E210K in the differential diagnosis of neuroregression and suggest that mainly gain-of-function mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of the UBTF E210K neuroregression syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Toro
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roderick T Hori
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Goldstein
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Adams
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harper B Fauni
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynne A Wolfe
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad M Khan
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun Tian
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kevin A Hope
- Integrated Program in Biological Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lawrence T Reiter
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michel G Tremblay
- Laboratory of Growth and Development, St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology, Cancer Division of the Quebec University Hospital Research Centre, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Tom Moss
- Laboratory of Growth and Development, St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology, Cancer Division of the Quebec University Hospital Research Centre, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis L Franks
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chris Balak
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders (C4RCD), Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - C4RCD Research Group
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders (C4RCD), Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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24
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Mutations in THAP1/DYT6 reveal that diverse dystonia genes disrupt similar neuronal pathways and functions. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007169. [PMID: 29364887 PMCID: PMC5798844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystonia is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions. Its many forms are genetically, phenotypically and etiologically diverse and it is unknown whether their pathogenesis converges on shared pathways. Mutations in THAP1 [THAP (Thanatos-associated protein) domain containing, apoptosis associated protein 1], a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor with DNA binding and protein-interaction domains, cause dystonia, DYT6. There is a unique, neuronal 50-kDa Thap1-like immunoreactive species, and Thap1 levels are auto-regulated on the mRNA level. However, THAP1 downstream targets in neurons, and the mechanism via which it causes dystonia are largely unknown. We used RNA-Seq to assay the in vivo effect of a heterozygote Thap1 C54Y or ΔExon2 allele on the gene transcription signatures in neonatal mouse striatum and cerebellum. Enriched pathways and gene ontology terms include eIF2α Signaling, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuron Projection Development, Axonal Guidance Signaling, and Synaptic LongTerm Depression, which are dysregulated in a genotype and tissue-dependent manner. Electrophysiological and neurite outgrowth assays were consistent with those enrichments, and the plasticity defects were partially corrected by salubrinal. Notably, several of these pathways were recently implicated in other forms of inherited dystonia, including DYT1. We conclude that dysfunction of these pathways may represent a point of convergence in the pathophysiology of several forms of inherited dystonia. Dystonia is a brain disorder that causes disabling involuntary muscle contractions and abnormal postures. Mutations in THAP1, a zinc-finger transcription factor, cause DYT6, but its neuronal targets and functions are unknown. In this study, we sought to determine the effects of Thap1C54Y and ΔExon2 alleles on the gene transcription signatures at postnatal day 1 (P1) in the mouse striatum and cerebellum in order to correlate function with specific genes or pathways. Our unbiased transcriptomics approach showed that Thap1 mutants revealed multiple signaling pathways involved in neuronal plasticity, axonal guidance, and oxidative stress response, which are also present in other forms of dystonia, particularly DYT1. We conclude that dysfunction of these pathways may represent a point of convergence on the pathogenesis of unrelated forms of inherited dystonia.
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25
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Weissbach A, Werner E, Bally JF, Tunc S, Löns S, Timmann D, Zeuner KE, Tadic V, Brüggemann N, Lang A, Klein C, Münchau A, Bäumer T. Alcohol improves cerebellar learning deficit in myoclonus-dystonia: A clinical and electrophysiological investigation. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:543-553. [PMID: 28869676 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize neurophysiological subcortical abnormalities in myoclonus-dystonia and their modulation by alcohol administration. METHODS Cerebellar associative learning and basal ganglia-brainstem interaction were investigated in 17 myoclonus-dystonia patients with epsilon-sarcoglycan (SGCE) gene mutation and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls by means of classical eyeblink conditioning and blink reflex recovery cycle before and after alcohol intake resulting in a breath alcohol concentration of 0.08% (0.8g/l). The alcohol responsiveness of clinical symptoms was evaluated by 3 blinded raters with a standardized video protocol and clinical rating scales including the Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale and the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale. RESULTS Patients showed a significantly reduced number of conditioned eyeblink responses before alcohol administration compared to controls. Whereas the conditioning response rate decreased under alcohol intake in controls, it increased in patients (analysis of variance: alcohol state × group, p = 0.004). Blink reflex recovery cycle before and after alcohol intake did not differ between groups. Myoclonus improved significantly after alcohol intake (p = 0.016). The severity of action myoclonus at baseline correlated negatively with the conditioning response in classical eyeblink conditioning in patients. INTERPRETATION The combination of findings of reduced baseline acquisition of conditioned eyeblink responses and normal blink reflex recovery cycle in patients who improved significantly with alcohol intake suggests a crucial role of cerebellar networks in the generation of symptoms in these patients. Ann Neurol 2017;82:543-553.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elisa Werner
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julien F Bally
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sinem Tunc
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian Löns
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg and Essen, Germany
| | | | - Vera Tadic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anthony Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Bäumer
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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