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Iannotta L, Emanuele M, Favetta G, Tombesi G, Vandewynckel L, Lara Ordóñez AJ, Saliou JM, Drouyer M, Sibran W, Civiero L, Nichols RJ, Athanasopoulos PS, Kortholt A, Chartier-Harlin MC, Greggio E, Taymans JM. PAK6-mediated phosphorylation of PPP2R2C regulates LRRK2-PP2A complex formation. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1269387. [PMID: 38169846 PMCID: PMC10759229 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1269387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are a common cause of inherited and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) and previous work suggests that dephosphorylation of LRRK2 at a cluster of heterologous phosphosites is associated to disease. We have previously reported subunits of the PP1 and PP2A classes of phosphatases as well as the PAK6 kinase as regulators of LRRK2 dephosphorylation. We therefore hypothesized that PAK6 may have a functional link with LRRK2's phosphatases. To investigate this, we used PhosTag gel electrophoresis with purified proteins and found that PAK6 phosphorylates the PP2A regulatory subunit PPP2R2C at position S381. While S381 phosphorylation did not affect PP2A holoenzyme formation, a S381A phosphodead PPP2R2C showed impaired binding to LRRK2. Also, PAK6 kinase activity changed PPP2R2C subcellular localization in a S381 phosphorylation-dependent manner. Finally, PAK6-mediated dephosphorylation of LRRK2 was unaffected by phosphorylation of PPP2R2C at S381, suggesting that the previously reported mechanism whereby PAK6-mediated phosphorylation of 14-3-3 proteins promotes 14-3-3-LRRK2 complex dissociation and consequent exposure of LRRK2 phosphosites for dephosphorylation is dominant. Taken together, we conclude that PAK6-mediated phosphorylation of PPP2R2C influences the recruitment of PPP2R2C to the LRRK2 complex and PPP2R2C subcellular localization, pointing to an additional mechanism in the fine-tuning of LRRK2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Iannotta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- National Research Council, c/o Humanitas Research Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marco Emanuele
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Giulia Favetta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Tombesi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Laurine Vandewynckel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Saliou
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institute Pasteur de Lille, US 41 – UAR 2014 – PLBS, Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Drouyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - William Sibran
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Laura Civiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- IRCSS, San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - R. Jeremy Nichols
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Arjan Kortholt
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- YETEM-Innovative Technologies Application and Research Centre, Suleyman Demirel University West Campus, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Taymans
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
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2
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Fevga C, Tesson C, Carreras Mascaro A, Courtin T, van Coller R, Sakka S, Ferraro F, Farhat N, Bardien S, Damak M, Carr J, Ferrien M, Boumeester V, Hundscheid J, Grillenzoni N, Kessissoglou IA, Kuipers DJS, Quadri M, Corvol JC, Mhiri C, Hassan BA, Breedveld GJ, Lesage S, Mandemakers W, Brice A, Bonifati V. PTPA variants and impaired PP2A activity in early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability. Brain 2023; 146:1496-1510. [PMID: 36073231 PMCID: PMC10115167 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein phosphatase 2A complex (PP2A), the major Ser/Thr phosphatase in the brain, is involved in a number of signalling pathways and functions, including the regulation of crucial proteins for neurodegeneration, such as alpha-synuclein, tau and LRRK2. Here, we report the identification of variants in the PTPA/PPP2R4 gene, encoding a major PP2A activator, in two families with early-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability. We carried out clinical studies and genetic analyses, including genome-wide linkage analysis, whole-exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing of candidate variants. We next performed functional studies on the disease-associated variants in cultured cells and knock-down of ptpa in Drosophila melanogaster. We first identified a homozygous PTPA variant, c.893T>G (p.Met298Arg), in patients from a South African family with early-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability. Screening of a large series of additional families yielded a second homozygous variant, c.512C>A (p.Ala171Asp), in a Libyan family with a similar phenotype. Both variants co-segregate with disease in the respective families. The affected subjects display juvenile-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability. The motor symptoms were responsive to treatment with levodopa and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. In overexpression studies, both the PTPA p.Ala171Asp and p.Met298Arg variants were associated with decreased PTPA RNA stability and decreased PTPA protein levels; the p.Ala171Asp variant additionally displayed decreased PTPA protein stability. Crucially, expression of both variants was associated with decreased PP2A complex levels and impaired PP2A phosphatase activation. PTPA orthologue knock-down in Drosophila neurons induced a significant impairment of locomotion in the climbing test. This defect was age-dependent and fully reversed by L-DOPA treatment. We conclude that bi-allelic missense PTPA variants associated with impaired activation of the PP2A phosphatase cause autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability. Our findings might also provide new insights for understanding the role of the PP2A complex in the pathogenesis of more common forms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fevga
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ana Carreras Mascaro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Courtin
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
| | - Riaan van Coller
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Salma Sakka
- Research Unit in Neurogenetics, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) at the CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Federico Ferraro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nouha Farhat
- Research Unit in Neurogenetics, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) at the CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mariem Damak
- Research Unit in Neurogenetics, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) at the CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jonathan Carr
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mélanie Ferrien
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Boumeester
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn Hundscheid
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Grillenzoni
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Irini A Kessissoglou
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Demy J S Kuipers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marialuisa Quadri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Chokri Mhiri
- Research Unit in Neurogenetics, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) at the CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bassem A Hassan
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Guido J Breedveld
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Wim Mandemakers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Alterations in the LRRK2-Rab pathway in urinary extracellular vesicles as Parkinson's disease and pharmacodynamic biomarkers. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:21. [PMID: 36750568 PMCID: PMC9905493 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression or phosphorylation levels of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and its Rab substrates have strong potential as disease or pharmacodynamic biomarkers. The main objective of this study is therefore to assess the LRRK2-Rab pathway for use as biomarkers in human, non-human primate (NHP) and rat urine. With urine collected from human subjects and animals, we applied an ultracentrifugation based fractionation protocol to isolate small urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs). We used western blot with antibodies directed against total and phosphorylated LRRK2, Rab8, and Rab10 to measure these LRRK2 and Rab epitopes in uEVs. We confirm the presence of LRRK2 and Rab8/10 in human and NHP uEVs, including total LRRK2 as well as phospho-LRRK2, phospho-Rab8 and phospho-Rab10. We also confirm LRRK2 and Rab expression in rodent uEVs. We quantified LRRK2 and Rab epitopes in human cohorts and found in a first cohort that pS1292-LRRK2 levels were elevated in individuals carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation, without significant differences between healthy and PD groups, whether for LRRK2 G2019S carriers or not. In a second cohort, we found that PD was associated to increased Rab8 levels and decreased pS910-LRRK2 and pS935-LRRK2. In animals, acute treatment with LRRK2 kinase inhibitors led to decreased pT73-Rab10. The identification of changes in Rab8 and LRRK2 phosphorylation at S910 and S935 heterologous phosphosites in uEVs of PD patients and pT73-Rab10 in inhibitor-dosed animals further reinforces the potential of the LRRK2-Rab pathway as a source of PD and pharmacodynamic biomarkers in uEVs.
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Coku I, Mutez E, Eddarkaoui S, Carrier S, Marchand A, Deldycke C, Goveas L, Baille G, Tir M, Magnez R, Thuru X, Vermeersch G, Vandenberghe W, Buée L, Defebvre L, Sablonnière B, Chartier-Harlin MC, Taymans JM, Huin V. Functional Analyses of Two Novel LRRK2 Pathogenic Variants in Familial Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1761-1767. [PMID: 35708213 PMCID: PMC9543145 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic variants in the LRRK2 gene are a common monogenic cause of Parkinson's disease. However, only seven variants have been confirmed to be pathogenic. Objectives We identified two novel LRRK2 variants (H230R and A1440P) and performed functional testing. Methods We transiently expressed wild‐type, the two new variants, or two known pathogenic mutants (G2019S and R1441G) in HEK‐293 T cells, with or without LRRK2 kinase inhibitor treatment. We characterized the phosphorylation and kinase activity of the mutants by western blotting. Thermal shift assays were performed to determine the folding and stability of the LRRK2 proteins. Results The two variants were found in two large families and segregate with the disease. They display altered LRRK2 phosphorylation and kinase activity. Conclusions We identified two novel LRRK2 variants which segregate with the disease. The results of functional testing lead us to propose these two variants as novel causative mutations for familial Parkinson's disease. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda Coku
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Eugénie Mutez
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, Lille, France
| | - Sabiha Eddarkaoui
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Carrier
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Marchand
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Claire Deldycke
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Liesel Goveas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Baille
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, Lille, France
| | - Mélissa Tir
- Department of Neurology and Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, Amiens University Hospital, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Romain Magnez
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Thuru
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | | | - Wim Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Parkinson Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Luc Defebvre
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, Lille, France
| | - Bernard Sablonnière
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Department of Toxicology and Genopathies, UF Neurobiology, Lille, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Taymans
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Huin
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Department of Toxicology and Genopathies, UF Neurobiology, Lille, France
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5
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Marchand A, Sarchione A, Athanasopoulos PS, Roy HBL, Goveas L, Magnez R, Drouyer M, Emanuele M, Ho FY, Liberelle M, Melnyk P, Lebègue N, Thuru X, Nichols RJ, Greggio E, Kortholt A, Galli T, Chartier-Harlin MC, Taymans JM. A Phosphosite Mutant Approach on LRRK2 Links Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation to Protective and Deleterious Markers, Respectively. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061018. [PMID: 35326469 PMCID: PMC8946913 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene is a major genetic determinant of Parkinson’s disease (PD), encoding a homonymous multi-domain protein with two catalytic activities, GTPase and Kinase, involved in intracellular signaling and trafficking. LRRK2 is phosphorylated at multiple sites, including a cluster of autophosphorylation sites in the GTPase domain and a cluster of heterologous phosphorylation sites at residues 860 to 976. Phosphorylation at these latter sites is found to be modified in brains of PD patients, as well as for some disease mutant forms of LRRK2. The main aim of this study is to investigate the functional consequences of LRRK2 phosphorylation or dephosphorylation at LRRK2’s heterologous phosphorylation sites. To this end, we generated LRRK2 phosphorylation site mutants and studied how these affected LRRK2 catalytic activity, neurite outgrowth and lysosomal physiology in cellular models. We show that phosphorylation of RAB8a and RAB10 substrates are reduced with phosphomimicking forms of LRRK2, while RAB29 induced activation of LRRK2 kinase activity is enhanced for phosphodead forms of LRRK2. Considering the hypothesis that PD pathology is associated to increased LRRK2 kinase activity, our results suggest that for its heterologous phosphorylation sites LRRK2 phosphorylation correlates to healthy phenotypes and LRRK2 dephosphorylation correlates to phenotypes associated to the PD pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Marchand
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.M.); (A.S.); (L.G.); (M.D.); (M.E.); (M.L.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Alessia Sarchione
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.M.); (A.S.); (L.G.); (M.D.); (M.E.); (M.L.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Panagiotis S. Athanasopoulos
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.S.A.); (F.Y.H.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Liesel Goveas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.M.); (A.S.); (L.G.); (M.D.); (M.E.); (M.L.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Romain Magnez
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR1277—Canther—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Platform of Integrative Chemical Biology, F-59000 Lille, France; (R.M.); (X.T.)
| | - Matthieu Drouyer
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.M.); (A.S.); (L.G.); (M.D.); (M.E.); (M.L.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Marco Emanuele
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.M.); (A.S.); (L.G.); (M.D.); (M.E.); (M.L.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Franz Y. Ho
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.S.A.); (F.Y.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Maxime Liberelle
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.M.); (A.S.); (L.G.); (M.D.); (M.E.); (M.L.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.M.); (A.S.); (L.G.); (M.D.); (M.E.); (M.L.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Nicolas Lebègue
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.M.); (A.S.); (L.G.); (M.D.); (M.E.); (M.L.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Xavier Thuru
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR1277—Canther—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Platform of Integrative Chemical Biology, F-59000 Lille, France; (R.M.); (X.T.)
| | - R. Jeremy Nichols
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Physiology, Genetics and Behavior Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Arjan Kortholt
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.S.A.); (F.Y.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Thierry Galli
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, F-75014 Paris, France;
- GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.M.); (A.S.); (L.G.); (M.D.); (M.E.); (M.L.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.-C.C.-H.); (J.-M.T.)
| | - Jean-Marc Taymans
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.M.); (A.S.); (L.G.); (M.D.); (M.E.); (M.L.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.-C.C.-H.); (J.-M.T.)
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6
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LRRK2 signaling in neurodegeneration: two decades of progress. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:859-872. [PMID: 34897411 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a complex GTPase/kinase orchestrating cytoskeletal dynamics and multiple steps of the endolysosomal pathway through interaction with a host of partners and phosphorylation of a subset of Rab GTPases. Mutations in LRRK2 cause late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD) and common variants in the locus containing LRRK2 have been associated with sporadic PD, progressive supranuclear palsy as well as a number of inflammatory diseases. This review encompasses the major discoveries in the field of LRRK2 pathobiology, from the initial gene cloning to the latest progress in LRRK2 inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach to fight neurodegeneration.
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