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Withanage TJ, Lal M, Salem H, Krichevski O, Wachtel E, Patchornik G. The [(bathophenanthroline) 3:Fe 2+] complex as an aromatic non-polymeric medium for purification of human lactoferrin. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1732:465218. [PMID: 39106663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
We describe a non-chromatographic, ligand-free platform for the efficient purification of recombinant human lactoferrin (LF). The platform consists of a [metal:chelator] complex precipitate in the presence of osmotically active polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000). Purification is achieved in three stages. Following formation of the complex, LF is captured under neutral conditions by the aggregated complexes (Step I), a washing step follows (Step II) and then, (Step III) LF is extracted in pure form with 100 mM tribasic Na citrate buffer (pH 7). Of the four complexes investigated, [bathophenanthroline (batho)3:Fe2+] was determined to be the most efficient. LF is recovered with high yield (∼90%, by densitometry) and purity (≥97%, by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)) from an artificial contamination background comprising E. coli lysate proteins. Purified LF is demonstrated to be monomeric by dynamic light scattering (DLS); to preserve its native secondary structure by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy; and, as apo-LF, to efficiently inhibit bacterial growth. Process yield is not affected by a 45-fold increase in LF concentration from 0.2 to 9 mg/mL. We provide evidence that protein capture relies on [cation:π] interactions between the lysine and arginine residues of LF with the fully aromatic [(batho)3:Fe2+] complexes. The use of [metal:chelator] complex aggregates is demonstrated to provide an economical and efficient avenue for LF purification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitra Lal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 70400, Ariel, Israel
| | - Hagit Salem
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 70400, Ariel, Israel
| | - Olga Krichevski
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 70400, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ellen Wachtel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Patchornik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 70400, Ariel, Israel.
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Withanage T, Lal M, Wachtel E, Patchornik G. Conjugated Nonionic Detergent Micelles: An Efficient Purification Platform for Dimeric Human Immunoglobulin A. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:979-986. [PMID: 38894919 PMCID: PMC11181477 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-COV-2 virus is a deadly agent of inflammatory respiratory disease. Since 2020, studies have focused on developing new therapies based on galactose-rich IgA antibodies. Clinical surveys have also revealed that galactose-deficient IgA1 polymerizes in serum, producing IgA nephropathy, which is a common cause of kidney failure in young adults. Here we show that IgA1-IgA2 dimers are efficiently and economically purified in solution via conjugated nonionic surfactant micellar aggregates. Quantitative capture at pH 7 and extraction at pH 6.5 can avoid antibody exposure to acidic, potentially denaturing conditions. Brij-O20 aggregates lead to the highest process yields (88-91%) and purity (94%). Recovered IgA dimers preserve their native secondary structure and do not self-associate. Increasing the reaction volume has little impact on yield or purity. By introducing an efficient, inexpensive IgA purification protocol, we assist pharmaceutical firms and research laboratories in developing new IgA-based therapies as well as in increasing our understanding of IgA1 polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitra Lal
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 70400 Ariel, Israel
| | - Ellen Wachtel
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Patchornik
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 70400 Ariel, Israel
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3
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Jayawickrama Withanage T, Krieger R, Wachtel E, Patchornik G. Efficient separation of IgG from IgM antibodies via conjugated surfactant micelles. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1226:123805. [PMID: 37354733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) (∼150 kDa) antibodies confer longer term immunity against bacterial or viral infections than the heavier IgM's (∼900 kDa), which are generally detectable in blood circulation in response to more recently acquired infections. There may be, however, a time overlap, which is problematic for diagnostic purposes, in the interests of which it is essential to separate IgM's from IgG's. We describe a purification platform, functioning at pH 6.5, containing Tween-20, or Brij-O20, non-ionic detergent micelles, mixed with the sugar-rich detergent dodecyl maltoside (DDM), amino acid monomer tyrosine (Tyr), and conjugated by the amphiphilic complex [(bathophenanthroline)3: Fe2+]. Using conjugated Brij-O20 micelles, with input molar ratio IgG: IgM 9:1, IgG is recovered at 10 °C with 85-90% yield, (by SDS-PAGE densitometry) and ≥95% purity (also by SDS-PAGE), while IgM's are recovered at lower yields (28-34%) and contain small amounts of co-extracted IgG's. Addition of E. coli lysate as an artificial contamination background does not reduce the yield or purity of the recovered IgG. Tween-20/DDM/Tyr micelles lead to IgG purity ≥95% similar to that of Brij-O20, but with lower process yields (64-70%, by densitometry). Chromatographic separation with Protein A or Protein G resins leads to yields comparable to those obtained with Brij-O20 micelles, but with lower purity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rami Krieger
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 70400 Ariel, Israel
| | - Ellen Wachtel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Patchornik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 70400 Ariel, Israel.
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Dhandapani G, Wachtel E, Patchornik G. Conjugated surfactant micelles: A non‐denaturing purification platform for concentrated human immunoglobulin G. NANO SELECT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Wu Q, Li SR, Wang YH, Wang HG, Wang ZM, Li M, Lin DQ. Effects of sodium chloride addition on immunoglobulin G partitioning and solubility in polyethylene glycol/hydroxypropyl starch aqueous two-phase system. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Detergent micelle conjugates containing amino acid monomers allow purification of human IgG near neutral pH. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1206:123358. [PMID: 35780745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Industrial scale production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is commonly achieved with Protein A chromatography, a process that requires exposure of the antibody to strongly acidic conditions during the eluting step. Exposure to acid inactivates virus contaminants but may, in parallel, lead to antibody aggregation that must be eliminated or kept at acceptably low levels. This report seeks to provide a practical method for overcoming a long-standing problem. We show how Brij-O20 detergent micelles, conjugated by the amphiphilic [(bathophenanthroline)3:Fe2+] complex in the presence of amino acid monomers: phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), tryptophan (Trp), isoleucine (Ile) or valine (Val), efficiently capture polyclonal human IgG (hIgG) at neutral pH and allow its recovery by extraction either at pH 4 (85-97% yield) or at pH 6.3 (72-84% yield). Of the five amino acid monomers surveyed, Phe or Tyr produced the highest overall process yield at both pH 4 and 6.3. The monomeric state of the purified hIgG's was confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Potential advantages of the purification method are discussed.
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Dhandapani G, Wachtel E, Das I, Sheves M, Patchornik G. Conjugated Detergent Micelles as a Platform for IgM Purification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1997-2003. [PMID: 35324016 PMCID: PMC9325453 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies hold promise as anticancer drugs and as agents for promoting immune homeostasis. This promise has not been realized due to low expression levels in mammalian cells producing IgM class antibodies, and the failure of protein A chromatography for IgM purification. Here, we describe a nonchromatographic platform for quantitatively capturing IgMs at neutral pH, which is then recovered with 86%–94% yield and >95% purity at pH 3. The platform contains micelles conjugated with the [(bathophenanthroline)3:Fe2+] amphiphilic complex. Inclusion of amino acid monomers, for example, phenylalanine or tyrosine, during conjugation of detergent micelles, allows subsequent extraction of IgMs at close to neutral pH. With the successful implementation of this purification platform for both polyclonal humans and bovine IgMs, we anticipate similar results for monoclonal IgMs, most relevant for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Wachtel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ishita Das
- Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mordechai Sheves
- Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Patchornik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 70400, Ariel, Israel
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Purification of antibody fragments via interaction with detergent micellar aggregates. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11697. [PMID: 34083598 PMCID: PMC8175343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The research described in this report seeks to present proof-of-concept for a novel and robust platform for purification of antibody fragments and to define and optimize the controlling parameters. Purification of antigen-binding F(ab')2 fragments is achieved in the absence of chromatographic media or specific ligands, rather by using clusters of non-ionic detergent (e.g. Tween-60, Brij-O20) micelles chelated via Fe2+ ions and the hydrophobic chelator, bathophenanthroline (batho). These aggregates, quantitatively capture the F(ab')2 fragment in the absence or presence of E. coli lysate and allow extraction of only the F(ab')2 domain at pH 3.8 without concomitant aggregate dissolution or coextraction of bacterial impurities. Process yields range from 70 to 87% by densitometry. Recovered F(ab')2 fragments are monomeric (by dynamic light scattering), preserve their secondary structure (by circular dichroism) and are as pure as those obtained via Protein A chromatography (from a mixture of F(ab')2 and Fc fragments). The effect of process parameters on Ab binding and Ab extraction (e.g. temperature, pH, ionic strength, incubation time, composition of extraction buffer) are reported, using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and polyclonal human IgG's as test samples.
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