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Navab R, Haward R, Chacko J, Haward R. Platelet-Rich Plasma for Heart Cell Regeneration Post-myocardial Infarction: A Propitious Therapeutic Approach. Cureus 2024; 16:e51951. [PMID: 38333505 PMCID: PMC10852202 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, one of the primary factors leading to death is cardiovascular disorders, specifically coronary artery disease, which leads to myocardial infarction (MI). This article investigates the potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy for regenerating cardiac cells following MI. We look into the pathophysiology of MI, current treatment methods, and the heart's limited ability to heal itself. This is done to see if PRP could help the heart heal faster, reduce the size of the infarct, and stop scar tissue from forming. We analyze the production procedure of PRP, its composition of growth factors, and its utilization in many medical domains. The ways that PRP helps the heart heal are also being looked into. This includes how it affects inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Although we recognize the existing constraints, we meticulously take into account issues such as standardization, therapeutic variance, and potential harmful effects. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive guidelines, continuous research, and enhanced clinical applications to fully harness the potential of platelet-rich plasma in the regeneration of cardiac cells after a heart attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Navab
- Internal Medicine, PES Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
| | - Raymond Haward
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Joshua Chacko
- Internal Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, IND
| | - Rachel Haward
- Internal Medicine, KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, IND
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2
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Cassani M, Fernandes S, Vrbsky J, Ergir E, Cavalieri F, Forte G. Combining Nanomaterials and Developmental Pathways to Design New Treatments for Cardiac Regeneration: The Pulsing Heart of Advanced Therapies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:323. [PMID: 32391340 PMCID: PMC7193099 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The research for heart therapies is challenged by the limited intrinsic regenerative capacity of the adult heart. Moreover, it has been hampered by the poor results obtained by tissue engineering and regenerative medicine attempts at generating functional beating constructs able to integrate with the host tissue. For this reason, organ transplantation remains the elective treatment for end-stage heart failure, while novel strategies aiming to promote cardiac regeneration or repair lag behind. The recent discovery that adult cardiomyocytes can be ectopically induced to enter the cell cycle and proliferate by a combination of microRNAs and cardioprotective drugs, like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulants and anti-platelets agents, fueled the quest for new strategies suited to foster cardiac repair. While proposing a revolutionary approach for heart regeneration, these studies raised serious issues regarding the efficient controlled delivery of the therapeutic cargo, as well as its timely removal or metabolic inactivation from the site of action. Especially, there is need for innovative treatment because of evidence of severe side effects caused by pleiotropic drugs. Biocompatible nanoparticles possess unique physico-chemical properties that have been extensively exploited for overcoming the limitations of standard medical therapies. Researchers have put great efforts into the optimization of the nanoparticles synthesis and functionalization, to control their interactions with the biological milieu and use as a viable alternative to traditional approaches. Nanoparticles can be used for diagnosis and deliver therapies in a personalized and targeted fashion. Regarding the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, nanoparticles-based strategies have provided very promising outcomes, in preclinical studies, during the last years. Efficient encapsulation of a large variety of cargos, specific release at the desired site and improvement of cardiac function are some of the main achievements reached so far by nanoparticle-based treatments in animal models. This work offers an overview on the recent nanomedical applications for cardiac regeneration and highlights how the versatility of nanomaterials can be combined with the newest molecular biology discoveries to advance cardiac regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cassani
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Soraia Fernandes
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Vrbsky
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ece Ergir
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
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Broughton KM. Prevalence of comorbidities in heart failure patients and those treated with cellular therapeutics. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 17:597-604. [PMID: 31382789 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1653185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Changes in our daily living, particularly in work routines, diet, and physical exercise, have influenced a worldwide crisis for life-threatening comorbidities and the likelihood of cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Cardiovascular regenerative medicine researchers continue to investigate new therapeutic approaches and reexamine completed clinical trials to design more effective future studies. As the frequency of cardiovascular disease diagnosis continues to rise, investigations of how to repair and regenerate the failing myocardium remains an essential mission for human health. Areas covered: This review first examines the aging process, the rising rate of comorbidities, and the likelihood of developing heart disease. In the ongoing efforts to recapitulate human health needs in clinical trials, a review of clinical trials involving cellular therapeutics for cardiac repair, with a focus on the patient population and patients' complex medical records, is presented. Expert opinion: The expert opinion first draws attention to the changing demographics of patients diagnosed with diseases that lead to heart failure and focusing on obesity as a primary driver for increased cardiovascular disease. The opinion focuses on the importance of designing preclinical models and experimentation that better mimic the patient population and clinical situations to evaluate the effectiveness of potential future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Broughton
- SDSU Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
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Raso A, Dirkx E, Philippen LE, Fernandez-Celis A, De Majo F, Sampaio-Pinto V, Sansonetti M, Juni R, El Azzouzi H, Calore M, Bitsch N, Olieslagers S, Oerlemans MIFJ, Huibers MM, de Weger RA, Reckman YJ, Pinto YM, Zentilin L, Zacchigna S, Giacca M, da Costa Martins PA, López-Andrés N, De Windt LJ. Therapeutic Delivery of miR-148a Suppresses Ventricular Dilation in Heart Failure. Mol Ther 2018; 27:584-599. [PMID: 30559069 PMCID: PMC6403487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is preceded by ventricular remodeling, changes in left ventricular mass, and myocardial volume after alterations in loading conditions. Concentric hypertrophy arises after pressure overload, involves wall thickening, and forms a substrate for diastolic dysfunction. Eccentric hypertrophy develops in volume overload conditions and leads wall thinning, chamber dilation, and reduced ejection fraction. The molecular events underlying these distinct forms of cardiac remodeling are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that miR-148a expression changes dynamically in distinct subtypes of heart failure: while it is elevated in concentric hypertrophy, it decreased in dilated cardiomyopathy. In line, antagomir-mediated silencing of miR-148a caused wall thinning, chamber dilation, increased left ventricle volume, and reduced ejection fraction. Additionally, adeno-associated viral delivery of miR-148a protected the mouse heart from pressure-overload-induced systolic dysfunction by preventing the transition of concentric hypertrophic remodeling toward dilation. Mechanistically, miR-148a targets the cytokine co-receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130) and connects cardiomyocyte responsiveness to extracellular cytokines by modulating the Stat3 signaling. These findings show the ability of miR-148a to prevent the transition of pressure-overload induced concentric hypertrophic remodeling toward eccentric hypertrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy and provide evidence for the existence of separate molecular programs inducing distinct forms of myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Raso
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Dirkx
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Leonne E Philippen
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amaya Fernandez-Celis
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Federica De Majo
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vasco Sampaio-Pinto
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marida Sansonetti
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rio Juni
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hamid El Azzouzi
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Departments of Cardiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Calore
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Bitsch
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Servé Olieslagers
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martinus I F J Oerlemans
- Departments of Cardiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manon M Huibers
- Departments of Cardiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel A de Weger
- Departments of Cardiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yolan J Reckman
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Paula A da Costa Martins
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leon J De Windt
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Bernardo BC, Gregorevic P, Ritchie RH, McMullen JR. Generation of MicroRNA-34 Sponges and Tough Decoys for the Heart: Developments and Challenges. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1090. [PMID: 30298011 PMCID: PMC6160554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating and deadly chronic disease, with almost 50% of patients with HF dying within 5 years of diagnosis. With limited effective therapies to treat or cure HF, new therapies are greatly needed. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that are powerful regulators of gene expression and play a key role in almost every biological process. Disruptions in miRNA gene expression has been functionally linked to numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Molecular tools for manipulating miRNA activity have been developed, and there is evidence from preclinical studies demonstrating the potential of miRNAs to be therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. For clinical application, miRNA sponges and tough decoys have been developed for more stable suppression and targeted delivery of the miRNA of choice. The aim of this study was to generate miRNA sponges and tough decoys to target miR-34 in the mouse heart. We present data to show that using both approaches we were unable to get significant knockdown of miR-34 or regulate miR-34 target genes in the heart in vivo. We also review recent applications of this method in the heart and discuss further considerations for optimisation in construct design and testing, and the obstacles to be overcome before they enter the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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