Non-coding RNA function in stem cells and Regenerative Medicine

CircSKA3 Modulates FOXM1 to Facilitate Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion While Confine Apoptosis in Medulloblastoma via miR-383-5p

Background

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor during childhood. Circular RNA (circSKA3) was identified to function as an oncogene in MB. However, the mechanism of circSKA3 in MB remains unclear.

Methods

The levels of circSKA3, microRNA-383-5p (miR-383-5p), and forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) in MB tissues were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The cell viability and apoptotic rate were assessed via 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The protein levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), C-Caspase3, and FOXM1 were detected via Western blot assay. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The migration and invasion abilities were monitored by Transwell assay. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was constructed to verify the interactions between miR-383-5p and circSKA3 or FOXM1. The mice model experiment was carried out to validate the effects of circSKA3 in vivo.

Results

The levels of circSKA3 and FOXM1 were significantly elevated, while the level of miR-383-5p was notably declined in MB tissues. CircSKA3 was validated to sponge miR-383-5p, and FOXM1 was a candidate target of miR-383-5p. CircSKA3 silencing impeded cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoted apoptosis by targeting miR-383-5p in vitro and retarded xenograft tumor growth in vivo. miR-383-5p suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion but promoted apoptosis in MB cells by regulating FOXM1. CircSKA3 depletion decreased FOXM1 expression via miR-383-5p in MB cells.

Conclusion

CircSKA3 augmented MB progression partly through miR-383-5p/FOXM1 axis.

Non-coding RNAs in Brain Tumors, the Contribution of lncRNAs, circRNAs, and snoRNAs to Cancer Development-Their Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential

Brain tumors are one of the most frightening ailments that afflict human beings worldwide. They are among the most lethal of all adult and pediatric solid tumors. The unique cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental properties of neural tissues are some of the most critical obstacles that researchers face in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors. Intensifying the search for potential new molecular markers in order to develop new effective treatments for patients might resolve this issue. Recently, the world of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has become a field of intensive research since the discovery of their essential impact on carcinogenesis. Some of the most promising diagnostic and therapeutic regulatory RNAs are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Many recent reports indicate the important role of these molecules in brain tumor development, as well as their implications in metastasis. In the following review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about regulatory RNAs, namely lncRNA, circRNAs, and snoRNAs, and their impact on the development of brain tumors in children and adults with particular emphasis on malignant primary brain tumors-gliomas and medulloblastomas (MB). We also provide an overview of how these different ncRNAs may act as biomarkers in these tumors and we present their potential clinical implications.

Prospective Advances in Non-coding RNAs Investigation

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play significant roles in numerous physiological cellular processes and molecular alterations during pathological conditions including heart diseases, cancer, immunological disorders and neurological diseases. This chapter is focusing on the basis of ncRNA relation with their functions and prospective advances in non-coding RNAs particularly miRNAs investigation in the cardiovascular disease management.The field of ncRNAs therapeutics is a very fascinating and challenging too. Scientists have opportunity to develop more advanced therapeutics as well as diagnostic approaches for cardiovascular conditions. Advanced studies are critically needed to deepen the understanding of the molecular biology, mechanism and modulation of ncRNAs and chemical formulations for managing CVDs.