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Monek AC, Mitha R, Andrews E, Sarkaria IS, Agarwal N, Hamilton DK. Multidisciplinary Surgical Approach Using Augmented Reality Preplanning for Resection of Giant Thoracic Schwannoma With Robotic-Assisted Thoracoscopic Mobilization. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2024:01787389-990000000-01147. [PMID: 38687027 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE In adults, primary spinal cord tumors account for 5% of all primary tumors of the central nervous system, with schwannomas making up about 74% of all nerve sheath tumors. Thoracic schwannomas can pose a threat to neurovasculature, presenting a significant challenge to safe and complete surgical resection. For patients presenting with complex pathologies including tumors, a dual surgeon approach may be used to optimize patient care and improve outcomes. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 73-year-old female previously diagnosed with a nerve sheath tumor of the fourth thoracic vertebra presented with significant thoracic pain and a history of falls. Imaging showed that the tumor had doubled in size ranging from T3 to T5. Augmented reality volumetric rendering was used to clarify anatomic relationships of the mass for perioperative evaluation and decision-making. A dual surgeon approach was used for complete resection. First, a ventrolateral left video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed with robotic assistance followed by a posterior tumor resection and thoracic restabilization. The patient did well postoperatively. CONCLUSION Although surgical treatment of large thoracic dumbbell tumors presents a myriad of risks, perioperative evaluation with augmented reality, new robotic surgical techniques, and a dual surgeon approach can be implemented to mitigate these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Monek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rida Mitha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward Andrews
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Inderpal S Sarkaria
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D Kojo Hamilton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kazemzadeh K, Akhlaghdoust M, Zali A. Advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, augmented and virtual reality in neurosurgery. Front Surg 2023; 10:1241923. [PMID: 37693641 PMCID: PMC10483402 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1241923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurosurgical practitioners undergo extensive and prolonged training to acquire diverse technical proficiencies, while neurosurgical procedures necessitate a substantial amount of pre-, post-, and intraoperative clinical data acquisition, making decisions, attention, and convalescence. The past decade witnessed an appreciable escalation in the significance of artificial intelligence (AI) in neurosurgery. AI holds significant potential in neurosurgery as it supplements the abilities of neurosurgeons to offer optimal interventional and non-interventional care to patients by improving prognostic and diagnostic outcomes in clinical therapy and assisting neurosurgeons in making decisions while surgical interventions to enhance patient outcomes. Other technologies including augmented reality, robotics, and virtual reality can assist and promote neurosurgical methods as well. Moreover, they play a significant role in generating, processing, as well as storing experimental and clinical data. Also, the usage of these technologies in neurosurgery is able to curtail the number of costs linked with surgical care and extend high-quality health care to a wider populace. This narrative review aims to integrate the results of articles that elucidate the role of the aforementioned technologies in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kazemzadeh
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Neurosurgery and Artificial Intelligence (NONAI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Akhlaghdoust
- Network of Neurosurgery and Artificial Intelligence (NONAI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zali
- Network of Neurosurgery and Artificial Intelligence (NONAI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Singh R, Wang K, Qureshi MB, Rangel IC, Brown NJ, Shahrestani S, Gottfried ON, Patel NP, Bydon M. Robotics in neurosurgery: Current prevalence and future directions. Surg Neurol Int 2022; 13:373. [PMID: 36128120 PMCID: PMC9479589 DOI: 10.25259/sni_522_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The first instance of a robotic-assisted surgery occurred in neurosurgery; however, it is now more common in other fields such as urology and gynecology. This study aims to characterize the prevalence of robotic surgery among current neurosurgery programs as well as identify trends in clinical trials pertaining to robotic neurosurgery. Methods: Each institution’s website was analyzed for the mention of a robotic neurosurgery program and procedures. The future potential of robotics in neurosurgery was assessed by searching for current clinical trials pertaining to neurosurgical robotic surgery. Results: Of the top 100 programs, 30 offer robotic cranial and 40 offer robotic spinal surgery. No significant differences were observed with robotic surgical offerings between geographic regions in the US. Larger programs (faculty size 16 or over) had 20 of the 30 robotic cranial programs (66.6%), whereas 21 of the 40 robotic spinal programs (52.5%) were at larger programs. An initial search of clinical trials revealed 223 studies, of which only 13 pertained to robotic neurosurgery. Spinal fixation was the most common intervention (six studies), followed by Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS, two studies), Cochlear implants (two studies), laser ablation (LITT, one study), and endovascular embolization (one study). Most studies had industry sponsors (9/13 studies), while only five studies had hospital sponsors. Conclusion: Robotic neurosurgery is still in its infancy with less than half of the top programs offering robotic procedures. Future directions for robotics in neurosurgery appear to be focused on increased automation of stereotactic procedures such as DBS and LITT and robot-assisted spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohin Singh
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale,
| | - Kendra Wang
- Department of Osteopathic Medicine, A. T. Still University, Mesa,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohamad Bydon
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Rochester, United States
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Epstein NE. Perspective on robotic spine surgery: Who's doing the thinking? Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:520. [PMID: 34754570 PMCID: PMC8571344 DOI: 10.25259/sni_931_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Robotic assisted (RA) spine surgery was developed to reduce the morbidity for misplaced thoracolumbar (TL) pedicle screws (PS) resulting in neurovascular injuries, dural fistulas, and/or visceral/other injuries. RA is gaining the attention of spine surgeons to optimize the placement of TL PSs, and to do this more safely/effectively versus utilizing stereotactic navigation alone, or predominantly free hand (FH) techniques. However, little attention is being focused on whether a significant number of these TL RA instrumented fusions are necessary. Methods RA spine surgery has been developed to improve the safety, efficacy, and accuracy of minimally invasive TL versus open FH PS placement. Results Theoretical benefits of RA spine surgery include; enhanced accuracy of screw placement, fewer complications, less radiation exposure, smaller incisions, to minimize blood loss, reduce infection rates, shorten operative times, reduce postoperative recovery periods, and shorten lengths of stay. Cons of RA include; increased cost, increased morbidity with steep learning curves, robotic failures of registration, more soft tissue injuries, lateral skiving of drill guides, displacement of robotic arms impacting accurate PS placement, higher reoperation rates, and potential loss of accuracy with motion versus FH techniques. Notably, insufficient attention has been focused on the necessity for performing many of these TL PS instrumented fusions in the first place. Conclusion RA spinal surgery is still in its infancy, and comparison of RA versus FH techniques for TL PS placement demonstrates several potential pros, but also multiple cons. Further, more attention must be focused on whether many of these TL PS instrumented procedures are even warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Epstein
- Clinical Professor of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, State U. of NY at Stony Brook, NY and ℅ Dr. Marc Agulnick, 1122 Franklin Avenue Suite 106, Garden City, NY 11530, USA
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Porras JL, Pennington Z, Hung B, Hersh A, Schilling A, Goodwin CR, Sciubba DM. Radiotherapy and Surgical Advances in the Treatment of Metastatic Spine Tumors: A Narrative Review. World Neurosurg 2021; 151:147-154. [PMID: 34023467 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Spine tumors encompass a wide range of diseases with a commensurately broad spectrum of available treatments, ranging from radiation for spinal metastases to highly invasive en bloc resection for primary vertebral column malignancies. This high variability in treatment approaches stems both from variability in the goals of surgery (e.g., oncologic cure vs. symptom palliation) and from the significant advancements in surgical technologies that have been made over the past 2 decades. Among these advancements are improvements in surgical technique, namely minimally invasive approaches, increased availability of focused radiation modalities (e.g., proton therapy and linear accelerator devices), and new surgical technologies, such as carbon fiber-reinforced polyether ether ketone rods. In addition, several groups have described nonsurgical interventions, such as vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for spinal instability secondary to pathologic fracture, and lesion ablation with spinal laser interstitial thermoablation, radiofrequency ablation, or cryoablation. We provide an overview of the latest technological advancements in spinal oncology and their potential usefulness for modern spinal oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Porras
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zach Pennington
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bethany Hung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Schilling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Long Island Jewish Medical Center and North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.
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Li Z, Yu G, Jiang S, Hu L, Li W. Robot-assisted laminectomy in spinal surgery: a systematic review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:715. [PMID: 33987413 PMCID: PMC8106039 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to summarize the current progress in the field of robot-assisted laminectomy in spinal surgery. A systematic search of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore, PubMed, Embase, Web of science, The Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database (CBM-SinoMed) was performed for papers related to robotic-assisted laminectomy. A total of 27 articles were selected for inclusion in our study. Among the articles, 10 robotic system, 2 bone cutting strategies, 6 state recognition strategies were founded. The most commonly adopted type of robot system was the Nathoo A type (6/10). Bone cutting strategies were mainly formulated based on force information and medical image information, and state recognition was based on a variety of factors, including force, sound, vibration, medical images, current or a combination of parameters. Early research on robot-assisted laminectomy did not reflect good continuity, and the studies mainly focused on the type of robotic system. In recent years, more researchers have chosen the Nathoo A as the robot system type, and the focus of research has gradually shifted to laminectomy path planning and safety control strategies, such as state recognition. Although these studies have been able to perform laminectomy without penetrating the inner cortex of the lamina, most experiments have been performed in vitro, and clinical application is still untested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuofu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Haidan, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxin Yu
- Robotics Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Haidan, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Robotics Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Weishi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Haidan, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Huang M, Tetreault TA, Vaishnav A, York PJ, Staub BN. The current state of navigation in robotic spine surgery. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:86. [PMID: 33553379 PMCID: PMC7859750 DOI: 10.21037/atm-2020-ioi-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The advent and widespread adoption of pedicle screw instrumentation prompted the need for image guidance in spine surgery to improve accuracy and safety. Although the conventional method, fluoroscopy, is readily available and inexpensive, concerns regarding radiation exposure and the drive to provide better visual guidance spurred the development of computer-assisted navigation. Contemporaneously, a non-navigated robotic guidance platform was also introduced as a competing modality for pedicle screw placement. Although the robot could provide high precision trajectory guidance by restricting four of the six degrees of freedom (DOF), the lack of real-time depth control and high capital acquisition cost diminished its popularity, while computer-assisted navigation platforms became increasingly sophisticated and accepted. The recent integration of real-time 3D navigation with robotic platforms has resulted in a resurgence of interest in robotics in spine surgery with the recent introduction of numerous navigated robotic platforms. The currently available navigated robotic spine surgery platforms include the ROSA Spine Robot (Zimmer Biomet Robotics formerly Medtech SA, Montpellier, France), ExcelsiusGPS® (Globus Medical, Inc., Audubon, PA, USA), Mazor X spine robot (Medtronic Navigation Louisville, CO; Medtronic Spine, Memphis, TN; formerly Mazor Robotics, Caesarea, Israel) and TiRobot (TINAVI Medical Technologies, Beijing, China). Here we provide an overview of these navigated spine robotic platforms, existing applications, and potential future avenues of implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tyler A Tetreault
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Avani Vaishnav
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip J York
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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