1
|
Huang L, Riggan KA, Torbenson VE, Osborne AK, Chesak SS, Finney RE, Allyse MA, Rivera-Chiauzzi EY. Second Victim Experiences of Health Care Learners and the Influence of the Training Environment on Postevent Adaptation. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2024; 8:232-240. [PMID: 38708189 PMCID: PMC11068502 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the experience of medical and graduate learners with second victim experience (SVE) after medical errors or adverse patient outcomes, including impact on training and identification of factors that shape their postevent recovery. Patients and Methods The validated Second Victim Experience and Support Tool-Revised (SVEST-R), Physician Well-Being Index, and supplemental open-ended questions were administered to multidisciplinary health care learners between April 8, 2022, and May 30, 2022, across a large academic health institution. Open-ended responses were qualitatively analyzed for iterative themes related to impact of SVE on the training experience. Results Of the 206 survey respondents, 144 answered at least 1 open-ended question, with 62.1% (n=91) reporting at least 1 SVE. Participants discussed a wide range of SVEs and indicated that their postevent response was influenced by their training environment. Lack of support from supervisors and staff exacerbated high stress situations. Some trainees felt blamed and unsupported after a traumatic experience. Others emphasized that positive training experiences and supportive supervisors helped them grow and regain confidence. Learners described postevent processing strategies helpful to their recovery. Some, however, felt disincentivized from seeking support. Conclusion This multidisciplinary study of learners found that the training environment was influential in postevent recovery. Our findings support the need for the inclusion of education on SVEs and adaptive coping mechanisms as part of health care professional educational curriculums. Educators and health care staff may benefit from enhanced education on best practices to support trainees after stressful or traumatic patient events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Huang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | | | - Alayna K. Osborne
- Division of Community and Employee Engagement, Mayo Clinic Health System–Southwest Minnesota region, Mankato, MN
| | | | - Robyn E. Finney
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Healing the Emotional Lives of Peers Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Megan A. Allyse
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo, q1Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gradišnik M, Fekonja Z, Vrbnjak D. Nursing students' handling patient safety incidents during clinical practice: A retrospective qualitative study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 132:105993. [PMID: 37890191 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students may encounter patient safety incidents during clinical practice. Understanding the challenges and concerns of nursing students in handling with patient safety incident could contribute to informing nursing education and clinical practice training. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate how nursing students handle patient safety incidents during clinical practice. DESIGN A retrospective descriptive qualitative study. SETTING Nursing school in Slovenia. PARTICIPANTS A snowball sampling technique was used to recruit nursing students (n = 15). METHODS Data were collected via guided self-reflection diaries in 2021. Collected data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS We have generated the main theme of nursing students' handling patient safety incidents during clinical practice. The four primary thematic subthemes were: (1) emotional responses; (2) patient safety incident occurrence and actions taken; (3) contributing factors; and (4) consequences. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights nursing students' handling of patient safety incidents during clinical practice, revealing a spectrum of emotional responses, immediate actions, contributing factors, consequences, and the importance of fostering a non-blaming culture through reporting and effective communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Gradišnik
- University Clinical Medical Centre Maribor, Emergency Department, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Zvonka Fekonja
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Dominika Vrbnjak
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sahay A, McKenna L. Nurses and nursing students as second victims: A scoping review. Nurs Outlook 2023; 71:101992. [PMID: 37302259 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2023.101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second victim describes the impact on health care professionals after an error causing preventable patient harm. However, to date, the impact of making errors in practice by nurses and/or nursing students is unclear. PURPOSE To describe and understand what is known about nurses and nursing students as second victims. METHODS A scoping review was completed using three databases: CINAHL, Medline, and Proquest for the period between 2010 and 2022. A total of 23 papers underwent thematic analysis. DISCUSSION Three themes were identified: (a) Psychological distress and symptomatology, (b) Coping-response/reactions to errors, and (c) Seeking support and understanding. CONCLUSION Nurses and nursing students' well-being and productivity levels can be negatively affected by inadequate team and organisational support. To improve team functioning, appropriate support mechanisms must be implemented to assist nurses who experience significant distress after making errors. Nursing leadership should prioritise improving support programs, assessing workload allocation, and increasing awareness amongst leaders of the potential benefits of providing support to second victims.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn Sahay
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Central Queensland University, Mackay, QLD, Australia.
| | - Lisa McKenna
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harvey G, Carter-Snell C. Exploring the meaning of critical incident stress experienced by undergraduate nursing students: A hermeneutic study. Nurse Educ Pract 2022; 65:103465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
5
|
Rinaldi C, Ratti M, Russotto S, Seys D, Vanhaecht K, Panella M. Healthcare Students and Medical Residents as Second Victims: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912218. [PMID: 36231520 PMCID: PMC9564455 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term second victim (SV) describes healthcare professionals who remain traumatized after being involved in a patient safety incident (PSI). They can experience various emotional, psychological, and physical symptoms. The phenomenon is quite common; it has been estimated that half of hospital workers will be an SV at least once in their career. Because recent literature has reported high prevalence (>30%) among nursing students, we studied the phenomenon among the whole population of healthcare students. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with an online questionnaire among nursing students, medical students, and resident physicians at the teaching hospital of the University of the Piemonte Orientale located in Novara, Italy. The study included 387 individuals: 128 nursing students, 174 medical students, and 85 residents. RESULTS We observed an overall PSI prevalence rate of 25.58% (lowest in medical students, 14.37%; highest in residents, 43.53%). Of these, 62.63% experienced symptoms typical of an SV. The most common temporary symptom was the feeling of working badly (51.52%), whereas the most common lasting symptom was hypervigilance (51.52%). Notably, none of the resident physicians involved in a PSI spoke to the patient or the patient's relatives. CONCLUSION Our findings highlighted the risk incurred by healthcare students of becoming an SV, with a possible significant impact on their future professional and personal lives. Therefore, we suggest that academic institutions should play a more proactive role in providing support to those involved in a PSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Rinaldi
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Learning and Research Area, AOU Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Matteo Ratti
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sophia Russotto
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Deborah Seys
- KU Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Vanhaecht
- KU Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Panella
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng S, Huang H, Xu L, Xiao M, Zhao Q. Second-victim Experience and Support Desire Among Nurses Working at Regional Levels in China. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:767-776. [PMID: 35174925 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe and analyse the degree of second victim syndrome and the desire for supports among nurses working in regional hospitals in China. BACKGROUND The evidence on the prevalence of second victim among healthcare workers remains inconsistent and have rarely focused on the regional level. METHODS A quantitative, descriptive, survey-based, online, cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,194 nurses in three regional hospitals. RESULTS A total of 918 (76.88%) nurses, who reported have had experienced patient safety incidents, were selected for the final analysis. The mean score for the Chinese version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (C-SVEST) was (65.58±10.05). Psychological distress (15.91±2.99) and practice distress (15.26±4.32) had the highest score. The mean score for the desired form of support was (4.29±0.614). The option 'the opportunity to get guidance and suggestions for future work' was rated the most desired. CONCLUSION Nurses working at the regional level reported a similar degree of second victim experience and support desire, while the prevalence was much higher. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT The second victim phenomenon has become increasingly complex and challenging, and deserve more attention. Not only Safety-I, abut also Safety-II approaches are suggested to integrated to patient safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Zheng
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.,Department of Medical Affairs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Affairs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingzhao Xiao
- Department of Urology, Urologist, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tavares APM, Barlem JGT, Pereira Rocha L, de Oliveira ACC, Avelino FVSD, Paloski GDR. Patient Safety Incidents and the second victim phenomenon among nursing students. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2022; 56:e20220005. [PMID: 36256888 PMCID: PMC10081615 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2022-0005en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To map the factors involved in incidents that harm patient safety and contribute to the second victim phenomenon among nursing students. METHOD Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study addressing 23 nursing students attending a Federal University in the South of Brazil. The interviews were analyzed using text and discoursive analysis. The Iramuteq software supported the processing of texts. RESULTS Communication failures within the health staff, a lack of protocols and equipment that prioritize patient safety, and factors related to the teaching-learning process favor the occurrence of patient safety incidents and the second victim phenomenon among nursing students. CONCLUSION Addressing the topic concerning patient safety in nursing programs can promote the patient safety culture by encouraging reporting and admitting the possibility of errors and learning from them, strategies that can mitigate second victim effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurelize Pereira Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem. Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela do Rosário Paloski
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem. Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|