1
|
Chen AMH, Blakely ML, Daugherty KK, Kiersma ME, Meny LM, Pereira R. Meaningful Connections: Exploring the Relationship Between Empathy and Professional Identity Formation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2024; 88:100725. [PMID: 38810953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2024.100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the literature on the connections between empathy and professional identity formation (PIF) in pharmacy and other health professions education. A PRISMA-Scoping Review methodology was used for this study. Searches were conducted in PubMed and CINAHL from 2010 to January 12, 2023, with English added as a limiter. Articles had to address empathy and PIF, whether implicitly or explicitly. "Theory talk" was modified and utilized with 6 levels of connectedness to assess article quality. FINDINGS A total of 419 articles were reviewed for inclusion into the study with a total of 45 articles being included. Seventeen (37.8 %) and 12 articles (26.7 %) included a definition for empathy and PIF, respectively. Thirty-eight articles (84.4 %) implicitly discussed a connection between PIF and empathy. Educational initiatives that fostered connections between empathy and PIF focused on classroom activities, clinical rotation activities, and assessments. Key elements to enhance empathy and PIF development across articles focused on mentorship, role models, and reflective practice, alongside intentional curricular integration. Similarly, barriers to empathy and PIF are multifaceted. SUMMARY Despite educational initiatives in the literature that attempt to foster connections between empathy and PIF in classroom activities, clinical rotation activities, and assessments, most connections are implicit, as opposed to explicit. This may be due to the multiple barriers, such as the hidden curriculum, which make the connection between empathy and PIF difficult. This area needs further research and development given the importance of empathy in all health care provider interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mary E Kiersma
- Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa M Meny
- Ferris State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Xu X, Sun J, Ma Y, Tang P, Chang W, Chen X, Cui Y, Su M, He Y. A study of latent profile analysis of empathic competence and factors influencing it in nursing interns: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1434089. [PMID: 38989120 PMCID: PMC11234888 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1434089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Empathy, as one of the fundamental principles of nursing professionalism, plays a pivotal role in the formation and advancement of the nursing team. Nursing interns, as a reserve force within the nursing team, are of significant importance in terms of their ability to empathize. This quality is not only directly related to the degree of harmony in the nurse-patient relationship and the enhancement of patient satisfaction, but also plays a pivotal role in the promotion of the quality of nursing services to a new level. Aim The objective of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the current state of nursing interns' empathic abilities. To this end, we sought to examine empathic performance under different profile models and to identify the key factors influencing these profile models. Methods The study utilized 444 nursing interns from 11 tertiary general hospitals in Inner Mongolia as research subjects. The study employed a number of research tools, including demographic characteristics, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, and the Professional Quality of Life Scale. A latent profile model of nursing interns' empathy ability was analyzed using Mplus 8.3. The test of variability of intergroup variables was performed using the chi-square test. Finally, the influencing factors of each profile model were analyzed by unordered multi-categorical logistic regression analysis. Results The overall level of empathy among nursing interns was found to be low, with 45% belonging to the humanistic care group, 43% exhibiting low empathy, and 12% demonstrating high empathy. The internship duration, empathy satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, only child, place of birth, and satisfaction with nursing were identified as factors influencing the latent profiles of empathy in nursing interns (p < 0.05). Conclusion There is considerable heterogeneity in nursing interns' ability to empathize. Consequently, nursing educators and administrators should direct greater attention to interns with lower empathy and develop targeted intervention strategies based on the influences of the different underlying profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- School of Nursing, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiaxin Sun
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yujia Ma
- STD/AIDS Prevention and Control Section, Tongliao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongliao, China
| | - Peijuan Tang
- Department of Gynaecology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenzhong Chang
- Department of Gynaecology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yajuan Cui
- School of Nursing, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, China
| | - Mei Su
- Department of Gynaecology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Nursing, Baotou Central Hospital, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Howick J, Slavin D, Carr S, Miall F, Ohri C, Ennion S, Gay S. Towards an empathic hidden curriculum in medical school: A roadmap. J Eval Clin Pract 2024; 30:525-532. [PMID: 38332641 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The "hidden curriculum" in medical school includes a stressful work environment, un-empathic role models, and prioritisation of biomedical knowledge. It can provoke anxiety and cause medical students to adapt by becoming cynical, distanced and less empathic. Lower empathy, in turn, has been shown to harm patients as well as practitioners. Fortunately, evidence-based interventions can counteract the empathy dampening effects of the hidden curriculum. These include early exposure to real patients, providing students with real-world experiences, training role models, assessing empathy training, increasing the focus on the biopsychosocial model of disease, and enhanced wellbeing education. Here, we provide an overview of these interventions. Taken together, they can bring about an "empathic hidden curriculum" which can reverse the decline in medical student empathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Howick
- Stoneygate Centre for Empathic Healthcare, Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Slavin
- Stoneygate Centre for Empathic Healthcare, Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Sue Carr
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Fiona Miall
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Chandra Ohri
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Steve Ennion
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Simon Gay
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Juniarta, Eka NGA, Ferawati Sitanggang Y. Empathy in Nursing Students: A Scoping Review. J Holist Nurs 2024; 42:S59-S86. [PMID: 37039440 DOI: 10.1177/08980101231163966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Empathy is essential for nursing students as they progress through their education. To date, few review studies explored empathy in nursing students. This review examined empathy in nursing students, including how to promote empathy, factors contributing to empathy, and the evaluation of empathy. Design: The eligible population included undergraduate nursing students. The concept of interest was empathy related to nursing students. The context was undergraduate nursing programs. Eligible studies included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies. The protocol was registered in Open Science Framework (OSF). Review Methods: Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' Manual guided this scoping review protocol. MEDLINE with Full text (EBSCO), Scopus, ScienceDirect (Elsevier), and PubMed were used for the electronic database search. The findings were analyzed with descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Findings: A total of 94 articles were included for analysis. Three main themes emerged: (1) approaches to promoting empathy, (2) contributing factors to empathy, and (3) evaluation of empathy. Conclusions: Empathy is cultivated in nursing in numerous ways, highlighting the need to incorporate it into the nursing curriculum. There is also controversy regarding the relationship between empathy and individual characteristics. This finding highlights the need for more effective empathy-promoting educational training that considers these personal characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juniarta
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
- Biblical Seminary of the Philippines, Valenzuela, Philippines
| | - Ni Gusti Ayu Eka
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Yenni Ferawati Sitanggang
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alzain AF, Elhussein N, Hamd ZY, Fadulelmulla IA, Omer AM, Alotaibi A, Alsuhaymi A, Aljohany M, Alharbi N, Ahmed AM, Hussien R, Elamin BA, Mohamed Ahmed Medani A, Khandaker MU. The impact of health volunteering of radiology students on improving their self-skills and practical capabilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1243014. [PMID: 38486825 PMCID: PMC10937525 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1243014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Volunteering is a beneficial activity with a wide range of positive outcomes, from the individual to the communal level. In many ways, volunteering has a positive impact on the development of a volunteer's personality and experience. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of health volunteering on improving the self-skills and practical capacities of students in the western region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods The study was a descriptive cross-sectional electronic web-based survey that was submitted on a web-based questionnaire; 183 students answered the survey, and then, the data were analyzed using SPSS. Results This study shows that 95.6% of participants agree and strongly agree that the health volunteering experience was useful, 2.7% of the participants neither agree nor disagree, and 1.6% disagree and strongly disagree. Regarding the distribution of the participants on skills learned from volunteering experience, the largest proportion of student (36.1%) volunteers in the health sector acquired communication skills and the smallest proportion of student (14.8%) volunteers in the acquired time management skills. Regarding the disadvantages, 81.4% of the participants do not think there were any disadvantages to their previous health volunteering experience, while only 18.6% of them think there were any disadvantages to their previous health volunteering experience. Additionally, the study found that the type of the sector affects the skills acquired from health volunteering. Conclusion Research revealed that the majority considered volunteering a great experience. Volunteering increased the self-skills and practical capacities of radiology students, which proved the hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amel F. Alzain
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagwan Elhussein
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhal Y. Hamd
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Awatif M. Omer
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahoud Alotaibi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alsuhaymi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Aljohany
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najwa Alharbi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Hussien
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badria Awad Elamin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Mohamed Ahmed Medani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gutiérrez-Puertas L, Gutiérrez-Puertas V, Ortiz-Rodríguez B, Aguilera-Manrique G, Márquez-Hernández VV. Communication and empathy of nursing students in patient care through telenursing: A comparative cross-sectional study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 133:106048. [PMID: 37995617 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.106048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phone calls and videoconferences are the most widely used systems to interact with patients in real time. Patient care through phone calls or videoconferences is different from an in-person meeting. Interpersonal communication skills, self-confidence communication skills and empathy with the patient may be affected during phone calls or videoconferences. AIM The objective of this study was to describe the interpersonal communication skills, self-confidence communication skills and empathy of nursing students during patient care through phone calls or videoconferences. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 170 nursing students participated from the University of Almeria. The subjects were randomly assigned to the phone call group or videoconference group. METHODS The students contacted standardised patients through phone calls or videoconferences. Questionnaires were used to assess interpersonal communication skills with patient, empathy, and self-confidence in communication skills. Data collection was carried out between March and May 2022. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between self-confidence in communication skills with the patient and the type of consultation, nor were statistically significant differences found between the empathy of the nursing students and the type of consultation. The students who used videoconference reported higher patient interpersonal communication skills than the students who made phone calls. Finally, the participants who made videoconferences obtained a higher score in dimension therapeutic use of self than those who made phone calls. CONCLUSIONS Nursing students have shown a high level of empathy and interpersonal communication skills with patients and a moderate level of self-confidence in communication skills, both when interacting with patients through phone calls and videoconferences. Finally, differences were found in interpersonal communication skills with patient and type of consultation. In particular, interpersonal communication skills with the patient are greater when the nursing students make a videoconference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Gutiérrez-Puertas
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Universidad de Almeria, Spain; Research Group for Experimental and Applied Neuropsychology HUM-061, Universidad de Almeria, Spain; Research Center Health Sciences (CEINSA), Universidad de Almería, Spain.
| | - Vanesa Gutiérrez-Puertas
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Universidad de Almeria, Spain; Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Torrecárdenas, Spain; Research Group for Electronic Communications And Telemedicine TIC-019, Universidad de Almeria, Spain.
| | | | - Gabriel Aguilera-Manrique
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Universidad de Almeria, Spain; Research Center Health Sciences (CEINSA), Universidad de Almería, Spain; Research Group for Health Sciences CTS-451, Universidad de Almeria, Spain.
| | - Verónica V Márquez-Hernández
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Universidad de Almeria, Spain; Research Center Health Sciences (CEINSA), Universidad de Almería, Spain; Research Group for Health Sciences CTS-451, Universidad de Almeria, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cai J, Yu L. Dual path mechanism of promoting classical furniture and customer responses: From the perspective of empathy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:999631. [PMID: 36237664 PMCID: PMC9551615 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.999631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between empathy and customer responses may be a key to solve the problem of classical furniture advertising design. To explore the relationship between empathy and consumer purchasing response, this study proposes a model of dual path mechanism of empathy influencing consumer purchase intentions in classical furniture through advertising design related to furniture brand Tanjuyuan. The results not only prove the hypotheses, but also indicate that: (1) cultural empathy and empathy fusion have a more significant impact on consumers' purchase intention than practical empathy; (2) cultural empathy plays a dominant role in influencing consumers' purchase intention; (3) empathy fusion is a key mediator between cultural empathy and practical empathy in influencing consumers' purchase intention. These findings provide issues for subsequent research from various perspectives, such as enhancing the practical perceptions of consumers of classical furniture products, cultural value perceptions, and the interdisciplinary application of empathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Cai
- School of Art and Design, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|