1
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Stanton BZ, Pomella S. Epigenetic determinants of fusion-driven sarcomas: paradigms and challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1416946. [PMID: 38946804 PMCID: PMC11211607 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1416946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe exciting recent advances in fusion-driven sarcoma etiology, from an epigenetics perspective. By exploring the current state of the field, we identify and describe the central mechanisms that determine sarcomagenesis. Further, we discuss seminal studies in translational genomics, which enabled epigenetic characterization of fusion-driven sarcomas. Important context for epigenetic mechanisms include, but are not limited to, cell cycle and metabolism, core regulatory circuitry, 3-dimensional chromatin architectural dysregulation, integration with ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, and translational animal modeling. Paradoxically, while the genetic requirements for oncogenic transformation are highly specific for the fusion partners, the epigenetic mechanisms we as a community have uncovered are categorically very broad. This dichotomy prompts the question of whether the investigation of rare disease epigenomics should prioritize studying individual cell populations, thereby examining whether the mechanisms of chromatin dysregulation are specific to a particular tumor. We review recent advances focusing on rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma, undifferentiated round cell sarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, myxoid/round liposarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and desmoplastic round cell tumor. The growing number of groundbreaking discoveries in the field, motivated us to anticipate further exciting advances in the area of mechanistic epigenomics and direct targeting of fusion transcription factors in the years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Z. Stanton
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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2
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Prakasam G, Mishra A, Christie A, Miyata J, Carrillo D, Tcheuyap VT, Ye H, Do QN, Wang Y, Reig Torras O, Butti R, Zhong H, Gagan J, Jones KB, Carroll TJ, Modrusan Z, Durinck S, Requena-Komuro MC, Williams NS, Pedrosa I, Wang T, Rakheja D, Kapur P, Brugarolas J. Comparative genomics incorporating translocation renal cell carcinoma mouse model reveals molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170559. [PMID: 38386415 PMCID: PMC10977987 DOI: 10.1172/jci170559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) most commonly involves an ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion, but molecular mechanisms remain elusive and animal models are lacking. Here, we show that human ASPSCR1-TFE3 driven by Pax8-Cre (a credentialed clear cell RCC driver) disrupted nephrogenesis and glomerular development, causing neonatal death, while the clear cell RCC failed driver, Sglt2-Cre, induced aggressive tRCC (as well as alveolar soft part sarcoma) with complete penetrance and short latency. However, in both contexts, ASPSCR1-TFE3 led to characteristic morphological cellular changes, loss of epithelial markers, and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Electron microscopy of tRCC tumors showed lysosome expansion, and functional studies revealed simultaneous activation of autophagy and mTORC1 pathways. Comparative genomic analyses encompassing an institutional human tRCC cohort (including a hitherto unreported SFPQ-TFEB fusion) and a variety of tumorgraft models (ASPSCR1-TFE3, PRCC-TFE3, SFPQ-TFE3, RBM10-TFE3, and MALAT1-TFEB) disclosed significant convergence in canonical pathways (cell cycle, lysosome, and mTORC1) and less established pathways such as Myc, E2F, and inflammation (IL-6/JAK/STAT3, interferon-γ, TLR signaling, systemic lupus, etc.). Therapeutic trials (adjusted for human drug exposures) showed antitumor activity of cabozantinib. Overall, this study provides insight into MiT/TFE-driven tumorigenesis, including the cell of origin, and characterizes diverse mouse models available for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Prakasam
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Akhilesh Mishra
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Alana Christie
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Peter O’ Donnell Jr. School of Public Health
| | - Jeffrey Miyata
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Deyssy Carrillo
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Vanina T. Tcheuyap
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Hui Ye
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Yunguan Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Oscar Reig Torras
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramesh Butti
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Hua Zhong
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gagan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin B. Jones
- Department of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thomas J. Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics and Next Generation Sequencing and
| | - Steffen Durinck
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mai-Carmen Requena-Komuro
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Ivan Pedrosa
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Radiology, and
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, and
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Peter O’ Donnell Jr. School of Public Health
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
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3
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Qin Y, Yang N, Yang P, Li N, Feng Z. Alveolar soft part sarcoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 26 cases emphasizing risk factors and prognosis. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:23. [PMID: 38291475 PMCID: PMC10826116 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic indicators of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS). METHODS The characteristics of 26 ASPS patients diagnosed at our hospital between January 2011 and January 2019 were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS The data for 12 male and 14 female patients, with a median age of 27.5 years, were assessed. The clinical symptoms mainly included painless enlarged masses in deep soft tissues. ASPS had a characteristic pathological morphology. Twenty-four patients were positive for TFE3, and TFE3 gene rearrangement was detected in 12 patients. Among the 26 patients who completed follow-up, 14 had metastasis, 1 had local recurrence, and 7 died. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that prognosis was significantly correlated with sex, tumour size and metastasis (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that sex and metastasis were independent prognostic risk factors for patients with ASPS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ASPS is a rare soft tissue sarcoma of unknown origin that occurs in young people, has a slow but metastatic course, and is associated with a poor 5-year survival rate among patients with metastasis. ASPS has character TFE3 protein and gene expression, and the diagnosis is relatively specific. The diagnosis requires comprehensive analysis of clinical history, histological morphology, and immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Yuchen Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yanzi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Ningning Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenzhong Feng
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China.
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.
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Li X, Chen Y, Gong S, Chen H, Liu H, Li X, Hao J. Emerging roles of TFE3 in metabolic regulation. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:93. [PMID: 36906611 PMCID: PMC10008649 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TFE3 is a member of the MiT family of the bHLH-leucine zipper transcription factor. We previously focused on the role of TFE3 in autophagy and cancer. Recently, an increasing number of studies have revealed that TFE3 plays an important role in metabolic regulation. TFE3 participates in the metabolism of energy in the body by regulating pathways such as glucose and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial metabolism, and autophagy. This review summarizes and discusses the specific regulatory mechanisms of TFE3 in metabolism. We determined both the direct regulation of TFE3 on metabolically active cells, such as hepatocytes and skeletal muscle cells, and the indirect regulation of TFE3 through mitochondrial quality control and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. The role of TFE3 in tumor cell metabolism is also summarized in this review. Understanding the diverse roles of TFE3 in metabolic processes can provide new avenues for the treatment of some metabolism-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Siqiao Gong
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Huixia Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
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5
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Funasaki S, Mehanna S, Ma W, Nishizawa H, Kamikubo Y, Sugiyama H, Ikeda S, Motoshima T, Hasumi H, Linehan WM, Schmidt LS, Ricketts C, Suda T, Oike Y, Kamba T, Baba M. Targeting chemoresistance in Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma using a novel polyamide-chlorambucil conjugate. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2352-2367. [PMID: 35396773 PMCID: PMC9277412 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma with Xp11.2 translocation involving the TFE3 gene (TFE3-RCC) is a recently identified subset of RCC with unique morphology and clinical presentation. The chimeric PRCC-TFE3 protein produced by Xp11.2 translocation has been shown to transcriptionally activate its downstream target genes that play important roles in carcinogenesis and tumor development of TFE3-RCC. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that in TFE3-RCC cells, PRCC-TFE3 controls heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) expression to confer chemoresistance. Inhibition of HMOX1 sensitized the PRCC-TFE3 expressing cells to genotoxic reagents. We screened for a novel chlorambucil-polyamide conjugate (Chb) to target PRCC-TFE3-dependent transcription, and identified Chb16 as a PRCC-TFE3-dependent transcriptional inhibitor of HMOX1 expression. Treatment of the patient-derived cancer cells with Chb16 exhibited senescence and growth arrest, and increased sensitivity of the TFE3-RCC cells to the genotoxic reagent etoposide. Thus, our data showed that the TFE3-RCC cells acquired chemoresistance through HMOX1 expression and that inhibition of HMOX1 by Chb16 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for TFE3-RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Funasaki
- Laboratory of Cancer MetabolismInternational Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Sally Mehanna
- Laboratory of Cancer MetabolismInternational Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Laboratory of Cancer MetabolismInternational Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Hidekazu Nishizawa
- Laboratory of Cancer MetabolismInternational Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Kamikubo
- Department of Human Health ScienceGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shuji Ikeda
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takanobu Motoshima
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Hisashi Hasumi
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineYokohama City UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - W. Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology BranchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Laura S. Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology BranchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Basic Science ProgramFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Chris Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology BranchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Toshio Suda
- Laboratory of Stem Cell RegulationInternational Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeCentre for Translational MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular GeneticsGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Tomomi Kamba
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Masaya Baba
- Laboratory of Cancer MetabolismInternational Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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6
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Fang R, Wang X, Xia Q, Zhao M, Zhang H, Wang X, Ye S, Cheng K, Liang Y, Cheng Y, Gu Y, Rao Q. Nuclear translocation of ASPL-TFE3 fusion protein creates favorable metabolism by mediating autophagy in translocation renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:3303-3317. [PMID: 33846569 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The ASPL-TFE3 fusion gene, resulting from t(X;17)(p11.2;q25.3), is one of the most commonly identified fusion genes in Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC). However, its roles and underlying mechanism in RCC development are not yet clear. Here, we identified ASPL-TFE3 fusion as the most common tRCC subtype in a Chinese population (29/126, 23.03%). This fusion protein translocated into the nucleus and promoted RCC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the fusion protein transcriptionally activated the lysosome-autophagy pathway by binding to the promoters of lysosome-related genes. Autophagy, activated by ASPL-TFE3, enabled RCC cells to escape energy stress by promoting the utilization of proteins and lipids. Moreover, we found that the ASPL-TFE3 fusion escaped regulation by the classic mTOR-TFE3 signal and instead activated phospho-mTOR and its downstream targets. Finally, targeting both autophagy and the mTOR axis resulted in a greater antiproliferative effect than single pathway inhibition. In summary, these results confirmed the ASPL-TFE3 fusion as a master regulator of metabolic adaptation mediated by autophagy in tRCC. The simultaneous manipulation of autophagy and the mTOR axis may represent a novel treatment strategy for ASPL-TFE3 fusion RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Fang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuyuan Xia
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengbing Ye
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Health Management Center, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yayun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiu Rao
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Kannan S, Lock I, Ozenberger BB, Jones KB. Genetic drivers and cells of origin in sarcomagenesis. J Pathol 2021; 254:474-493. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmishta Kannan
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Ian Lock
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Benjamin B Ozenberger
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
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8
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Liu J, Fan Z, Li S, Gao T, Xue R, Bai C, Zhang L, Tan Z, Fang Z. Target therapy for metastatic alveolar soft part sarcoma: a retrospective study with 47 cases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1493. [PMID: 33313238 PMCID: PMC7729354 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a translocation-associated soft-tissue tumor resistant to conventional cytotoxic agents. This report aims to compare the efficacy of anlotinib versus pazopanib as targeted monotherapy in metastatic ASPS and to determine the impact of drug dosage reduction on disease control. Methods Sixteen and 31 patients with metastatic ASPS were respectively treated with anlotinib and pazopanib monotherapy at a single institution. Objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were retrieved and compared between both therapeutic arms. Adverse events (AEs) within each group were recorded. Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves computed the impact of drug dosage reduction on PFS. Results The anlotinib group showed an ORR of 31.2%, compared to 35.5% in the pazopanib arm (P=0.772). Median PFS was 23.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 16.2-31.0 months] in patients treated with anlotinib, but dropped to 13.7 months (95% CI, 10.8-16.7 months) in those managed with pazopanib (P=0.023). One (6.3%) patient on anlotinib and 11 (35.5%) on pazopanib developed AEs requiring drug dosage reduction (P=0.029), which significantly reduced patients' PFS in the latter setting (10.5 vs. 15.8 months, P=0.012). In patients without dosage reduction, anlotinib showed a bordering advantage than pazopanib on median PFS (24.5 vs. 15.8 months, P=0.112). Conclusions Compared to pazopanib, anlotinib yielded longer PFS and lower incidence of AEs in ASPS patients. Drug dosage reduction was more frequently encountered with the former agent and affected the disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayong Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengfu Fan
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Xue
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chujie Bai
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Tan
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
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9
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Das P, Verma SP. Dual role of G-quadruplex in translocation renal cell carcinoma: Exploring plausible Cancer therapeutic innovation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129719. [PMID: 32882363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the ninth leading cause of death among kidney cancer. Xp11.2 translocation harboring TFE3 fusion proteins, act as an oncogene in translocation cancers that constitute the hallmark of translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC). G-quadruplex (G4), an alternative nucleic acid structure is an emerging and promising factor in cancer. The presence of G4 within the genome plays a pioneering role in cancer as it contributes to genomic aberration as well as inhibition in cell proliferation. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we discuss the link between G4 and tRCC. We compile the available information of G-quadruplex & propose their dual role in tRCC, suggesting both stabilization and destabilization of G-quadruplex could be considered targets for tRCC. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Our in Silico analysis of TFE3 and their three fusions partner's PRCC, SFPQ, and ASPSCR1 discloses a few putative G4 forming sequences (PQS) in their corresponding fusion gene or fusion transcript. Stabilization of G4 structure within fusion gene/transcript can be of great use towards potential therapeutics targeting fusion protein derived oncogenesis, as G4 is a serious menace for DNA polymerization, transcription & translation. G-quadruplex at intron-2 of the TFE3 has been reported to mediate its translocation also. Both stabilization and destabilization of the G4 structure would be a promising approach in the suppression of cancerous cell proliferation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Pioneering studies discovered the relevance of G4 in cancer therapy and explore our approaches towards therapeutic innovation against oncogenic fusion protein and tRCC. Selectively targeting G4 in oncogenic fusion transcript will emerge as potential druggable structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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10
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TFEB Modulates p21/WAF1/CIP1 during the DNA Damage Response. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051186. [PMID: 32397616 PMCID: PMC7290768 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The MiT/TFE family of transcription factors (MITF, TFE3, and TFEB), which control transcriptional programs for autophagy and lysosome biogenesis have emerged as regulators of energy metabolism in cancer. Thus, their activation increases lysosomal catabolic function to sustain cancer cell growth and survival in stress conditions. Here, we found that TFEB depletion dramatically reduces basal expression levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21/WAF1 in various cell types. Conversely, TFEB overexpression increases p21 in a p53-dependent manner. Furthermore, induction of DNA damage using doxorubicin induces TFEB-mediated activation of p21, delays G2/M phase arrest, and promotes cell survival. Pharmacological inhibition of p21, instead, abrogates TFEB-mediated protection during the DNA damage response. Together, our findings uncover a novel and direct role of TFEB in the regulation of p21 expression in both steady-state conditions and during the induction of DNA-damage response (DDR). Our observations might open novel therapeutic strategies to promote cancer cell death by targeting the TFEB-p21 pathway in the presence of genotoxic agents.
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11
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Rastaldo R, Vitale E, Giachino C. Dual Role of Autophagy in Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:276. [PMID: 32391362 PMCID: PMC7193103 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During their development and overall life, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encounter a plethora of internal and external stress signals and therefore, they need to put in action homeostatic changes in order to face these stresses. To this aim, similar to other mammalian cells, MSCs are endowed with two crucial biological responses, autophagy and senescence. Sharing of a number of stimuli like shrinkage of telomeres, oncogenic and oxidative stress, and DNA damage, suggest an intriguingly close relationship between autophagy and senescence. Autophagy is at first reported to suppress MSC senescence by clearing injured cytoplasmic organelles and impaired macromolecules, yet recent investigations also showed that autophagy can promote MSC senescence by inducing the production of senescence-associated secretory proteins (SASP). These apparently contrary contributions of autophagy may mirror an intricate image of autophagic regulation on MSC senescence. We here tackle the pro-senescence and anti-senescence roles of autophagy in MSCs while concentrating on some possible mechanistic explanations of such an intricate liaison. Clarifying the autophagy/senescence relationship in MSCs will help the development of more effective and safer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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12
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Yao L, Yu F, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zuo Y, Wang C, Ye L. DNA damage response manages cell cycle restriction of senile multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:809-818. [PMID: 31664596 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) are promising to treat a variety of traumatic and degenerative diseases. However, in vitro-passage aging induces cell cycle arrest and a series of genetic and biological changes, which greatly limits ex vivo cell number expansion and further clinical application of MMSCs. In most cases, DNA damage and DNA damage response (DDR) act as the main cause and executor of cellular senescence respectively. Mechanistically, DNA damage signals induce cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair via DDR. If the DNA damage is indelible, MMSCs would entry into a permanent cell cycle arrest. It should be noted that apart from DDR signaling, certain proliferation or metabolism pathways are also occupied in DNA damage related cell cycle arrest. New findings of these aspects will also be summarized in this study. In summary, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of DDR associated cell cycle regulation and other major molecular signaling in the senescence of MMSCs. Above knowledge could contribute to improve the limited capacity of in vitro expansion of MMSCs, and then promote their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yining Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Paoluzzi L, Maki RG. Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Alveolar Soft-Part Sarcoma. JAMA Oncol 2019; 5:254-260. [DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.4490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Paoluzzi
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Robert G. Maki
- Northwell Cancer Institute, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, New York
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14
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Advanced alveolar soft part sarcoma responds to apatinib. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50314-50322. [PMID: 28679123 PMCID: PMC5564851 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare, hypervascular soft tissue sarcoma with a low chemotherapy response rate. Here, we report an ASPS case with multiple lung metastases on initial presentation. The primary tumor, a hypervascular soft tissue mass 4.1×3.2×2.0 cm, located in the right thigh, was resected prior to chemotherapy. The patient suffered disease progression after two cycles of gemcitabine-docetaxel treatment. Immunohistochemical examination of the tumor tissue revealed strong positive staining for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). The patient was subsequently treated with apatinib (500 mg/day), a specific VEGFR-2 inhibitor. Treatment was well tolerated, and the patient exhibited a partial response, with the lung metastases reduced in size and number after one month of therapy. To date, 12-month progression-free survival has been achieved. Apatinib may provide an additional treatment option for metastatic ASPS, particularly in cases resistant to other chemotherapeutic options. Furtherstudies with more cases with longer follow-up times will be necessary to determine the clinical efficacy of apatinib for treatment of ASPS.
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15
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Lunyak VV, Amaro-Ortiz A, Gaur M. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretory Responses: Senescence Messaging Secretome and Immunomodulation Perspective. Front Genet 2017; 8:220. [PMID: 29312442 PMCID: PMC5742268 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) have been tested in a significant number of clinical trials, where they exhibit regenerative and repair properties directly through their differentiation into the cells of the mesenchymal origin or by modulation of the tissue/organ microenvironment. Despite various clinical effects upon transplantation, the functional properties of these cells in natural settings and their role in tissue regeneration in vivo is not yet fully understood. The omnipresence of MSC throughout vascularized organs equates to a reservoir of potentially therapeutic regenerative depots throughout the body. However, these reservoirs could be subjected to cellular senescence. In this review, we will discuss current progress and challenges in the understanding of different biological pathways leading to senescence. We set out to highlight the seemingly paradoxical property of cellular senescence: its beneficial role in the development and tissue repair and detrimental impact of this process on tissue homeostasis in aging and disease. Taking into account the lessons from the different cell systems, this review elucidates how autocrine and paracrine properties of senescent MSC might impose an additional layer of complexity on the regulation of the immune system in development and disease. New findings that have emerged in the last few years could shed light on sometimes seemingly controversial results obtained from MSC therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meenakshi Gaur
- Aelan Cell Technologies, San Francisco, CA, United States
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16
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Zajic LB, Webb TL, Webb P, Coy JW, Dow SW, Quimby JM. Comparison of proliferative and immunomodulatory potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from young and geriatric cats. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19:1096-1102. [PMID: 27913779 PMCID: PMC11110994 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x16680703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the ability of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (aMSCs) generated from young vs geriatric cats to proliferate in culture, suppress lymphocyte proliferation and undergo senescence. Methods Adipose tissues from five young (<5 years) and six geriatric (>10 years) cats were harvested and cryopreserved for subsequent aMSC isolation and culture. aMSC proliferation in culture was compared via determination of time until passage two and by 3-(4,5-demethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The immunomodulatory capacity of aMSCs was assessed using lymphocyte proliferation assays, and senescence was evaluated using senescence-associated B-galactosidase (SABG) expression. All assays were performed on aMSCs between passage two and passage three. Results aMSCs from geriatric cats took significantly longer ( P = 0.008) to reach passage two (median 11 days, range 9-22 days) compared with aMSCs from young healthy cats (median 7 days, range 6-8 days). No significant difference was detected between young and geriatric cats in terms of their ability to suppress lymphocyte proliferation. SABG expression was not significantly different between young and geriatric aMSCs. Conclusions and relevance Compared with young feline aMSCs, geriatric aMSCs are significantly impaired in their ability to rapidly proliferate to passage two following initial culture, presenting a concern for autologous therapy. Nonetheless, once the cells are expanded, young and geriatric cat aMSCs appear to be equivalent in terms of their ability to functionally suppress T-cell activation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara B Zajic
- Current address: The Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jessica M Quimby
- Jessica Quimby DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Internal Medicine), Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Ogose A, Kawashima H, Hotta T, Ariizumi T, Yamagishi T, Oike N, Sasaki T, Hatano H, Umezu H, Endo N. Frequent expression of human leukocyte antigen class I and the status of intratumoral immune cells in alveolar soft part sarcoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2169-2176. [PMID: 28454377 PMCID: PMC5403429 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of alveolar soft part sarcoma is poor, despite the slow growth of the tumor. A number of cases with spontaneous regression of this rare tumor have been reported. Although the mechanisms underlying spontaneous regression remain uncertain, local immune reaction may be a possible contributing factor. Immunohistochemical expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, cluster of differentiation (CD) 3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD45, CD56, CD68, CD138 and CD163 were assessed in a series of 10 alveolar soft part sarcomas, and the expression profiles were associated with patients' clinicopathological parameters. Expression of HLA class I was observed in almost all the tumor cells of all cases. CD8(+) cells were identified in all tumors with varying densities. Moderate infiltration of CD8(+) cells was detected in three patients; one of these patients survived with long-term tumor remission. Infiltration of CD10(+), CD20(+), CD56(+) or CD138(+) cells was not revealed in all tumors. Moderate-diffuse infiltration of CD163(+) cells was observed in all tumors. To the best of our knowledge, the present study represents the first report of intratumoral immune cells in alveolar soft part sarcoma. Frequent expression of HLA class I in tumor cells was observed. CD8(+) cells were identified at various densities and CD163(+) cells were observed in alveolar soft part sarcoma. Moderate infiltration of CD8(+) cells in patients with a good prognosis may indicate the antitumor effects of immune cells in alveolar soft part sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ogose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami-Uonuma, Niigata 949-7320, Japan.,Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Hotta
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Ariizumi
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yamagishi
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Oike
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Taro Sasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata 951-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hatano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata 951-8566, Japan
| | - Hajime Umezu
- Division of Pathology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Naoto Endo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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