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Le Quang M, Trinquet A, Siegfried A, de Barros A, Bauchet L, Ng S, Jecko V, Chotard G, Ollivier M, Adam G, Bonneville F, Masliah-Planchon J, Nicaise Y, Decamps C, Rigau V, Uro-Coste E. FGFR1 wild-type rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 148:26. [PMID: 39167187 PMCID: PMC11339136 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Le Quang
- Pathology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aude Trinquet
- Pathology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier Institute for Neuroscience (IGF), INSERM U1191, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurore Siegfried
- Pathology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- INSERM U1037, Toulouse Cancer Research Centre (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Amaury de Barros
- Neurosurgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Bauchet
- Montpellier Institute for Neuroscience (IGF), INSERM U1191, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Neurosurgery Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Sam Ng
- Montpellier Institute for Neuroscience (IGF), INSERM U1191, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Neurosurgery Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Jecko
- Neurosurgery Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Chotard
- Pathology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Morgan Ollivier
- Neuroimaging Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gilles Adam
- Neuroimaging Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Julien Masliah-Planchon
- Genetics Department & Oncopaediatry and Young Adults Department, Curie Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Laboratory of Translational Research in Paediatric Oncology, SIREDO Paediatric Oncology Centre, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Yvan Nicaise
- INSERM U1037, Toulouse Cancer Research Centre (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Valérie Rigau
- Pathology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier Institute for Neuroscience (IGF), INSERM U1191, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Uro-Coste
- Pathology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
- INSERM U1037, Toulouse Cancer Research Centre (CRCT), Toulouse, France.
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, 1, avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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2
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Tóth LJ, Mokánszki A, Méhes G. The rapidly changing field of predictive biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2024; 30:1611733. [PMID: 38953007 PMCID: PMC11215025 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2024.1611733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide in both men and women, however mortality in the US and EU are recently declining in parallel with the gradual cut of smoking prevalence. Consequently, the relative frequency of adenocarcinoma increased while that of squamous and small cell carcinomas declined. During the last two decades a plethora of targeted drug therapies have appeared for the treatment of metastasizing non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Personalized oncology aims to precisely match patients to treatments with the highest potential of success. Extensive research is done to introduce biomarkers which can predict the effectiveness of a specific targeted therapeutic approach. The EGFR signaling pathway includes several sufficient targets for the treatment of human cancers including NSCLC. Lung adenocarcinoma may harbor both activating and resistance mutations of the EGFR gene, and further, mutations of KRAS and BRAF oncogenes. Less frequent but targetable genetic alterations include ALK, ROS1, RET gene rearrangements, and various alterations of MET proto-oncogene. In addition, the importance of anti-tumor immunity and of tumor microenvironment has become evident recently. Accumulation of mutations generally trigger tumor specific immune defense, but immune protection may be upregulated as an aggressive feature. The blockade of immune checkpoints results in potential reactivation of tumor cell killing and induces significant tumor regression in various tumor types, such as lung carcinoma. Therapeutic responses to anti PD1-PD-L1 treatment may correlate with the expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells. Due to the wide range of diagnostic and predictive features in lung cancer a plenty of tests are required from a single small biopsy or cytology specimen, which is challenged by major issues of sample quantity and quality. Thus, the efficacy of biomarker testing should be warranted by standardized policy and optimal material usage. In this review we aim to discuss major targeted therapy-related biomarkers in NSCLC and testing possibilities comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- László József Tóth
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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3
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Pham LC, Weller L, Gann CN, Schumacher KM, Vlassak S, Swanson T, Highsmith K, O'Brien BJ, Nash S, Aaroe A, de Groot JF, Majd NK. Prolonged complete response to adjuvant tepotinib in a patient with newly diagnosed disseminated glioblastoma harboring mesenchymal-epithelial transition fusion. Oncologist 2024:oyae100. [PMID: 38815166 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor despite current treatments. Targeted therapy in GBM has been the subject of intense investigation but has not been successful in clinical trials. The reasons for the failure of targeted therapy in GBM are multifold and include a lack of patient selection in trials, the failure to identify driver mutations, and poor blood-brain barrier penetration of investigational drugs. Here, we describe a case of a durable complete response in a newly diagnosed patient with GBM with leptomeningeal dissemination and PTPRZ1-MET fusion who was treated with tepotinib, a brain-penetrant MET inhibitor. This case of successful targeted therapy in a patient with GBM demonstrates that early molecular testing, identification of driver molecular alterations, and treatment with brain-penetrant small molecule inhibitors have the potential to change the outcome in select patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily C Pham
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lauryn Weller
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | | | - Todd Swanson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kaitlin Highsmith
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Barbara J O'Brien
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sebnem Nash
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ashley Aaroe
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John F de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nazanin K Majd
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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4
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Dong SS, Dong W, Tan YF, Xiao Q, Wang TL. Case report: Acquired resistance to crizotinib from a MET Y1230H mutation in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer and KIF5B-MET fusion. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1370901. [PMID: 38690167 PMCID: PMC11059057 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1370901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The c-met proto-oncogene (MET) serves as a significant primary oncogenic driver in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has the potential to fuse with other genes, such as KIF5B, although it occurs infrequently. Only a limited number of reported cases have examined the clinical efficacy of crizotinib in patients with KIF5B-MET gene fusion, with no known data regarding acquired resistance to crizotinib and its potential mechanisms. In this report, we present the clinical progression of a female patient diagnosed with NSCLC and harboring a KIF5B-MET gene fusion. Case description The patient initially exhibited partial response to first-line crizotinib treatment, albeit for a short duration and with limited efficacy. Subsequent disease progression revealed the emergence of a secondary MET mutation, specifically MET Y1230H, leading to acquired resistance to crizotinib. Conclusion The reporting of this case is imperative for informing clinical practice, given the uncommon occurrence of NSCLC with MET fusion, displaying responsiveness to MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, as well as the emergence of the secondary Y1230H alteration as a potential resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Su Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (the First People’s Hospital of Changde City), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Dong
- Department of Oncology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (the First People’s Hospital of Changde City), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Fen Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (the First People’s Hospital of Changde City), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (the First People’s Hospital of Changde City), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (the First People’s Hospital of Changde City), Changde, Hunan, China
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5
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Sun D, Xing X, Wang Y, Hou H. MET fusions are targetable genomic variants in the treatment of advanced malignancies. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:20. [PMID: 38195556 PMCID: PMC10775437 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy for malignancies has developed rapidly in recent years, benefiting patients harboring genetic mutations sensitive to relevant tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). With the development of targeted sequencing techniques, an increasing number of detectable genomic alterations in malignancies, including MET fusions, have been revealed. MET fusions, although rare among malignancies, might be functional driver genes that participate in activating downstream signaling pathways and promoting cell proliferation. Therefore, it is believed that MET fusions could be targetable genomic variants of MET, and inhibition of MET is considered an optionable therapeutic choice for patients harboring MET fusions. According to the summary presented in this review, we recommend MET-TKIs as suitable treatment agents for patients harboring primary MET fusions. For patients harboring acquired MET fusions after the development of resistance to TKIs targeting primary genomic alterations, such as sensitive EGFR mutations, treatment with a MET-TKI alone or in combination with TKIs targeting primary genomic alterations, such as EGFR-TKIs, is hypothesized to be a reasonable option for salvage treatment. In summary, MET fusions, despite their low incidence, should be taken into consideration when developing treatment strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaoming Xing
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliation Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Helei Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 7 Jiaxing Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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6
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López-Palacios TP, Andersen JL. Kinase regulation by liquid-liquid phase separation. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:649-666. [PMID: 36528418 PMCID: PMC10267292 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is emerging as a mechanism of spatiotemporal regulation that could answer long-standing questions about how order is achieved in biochemical signaling. In this review we discuss how LLPS orchestrates kinase signaling, either by creating condensate structures that are sensed by kinases or by direct LLPS of kinases, cofactors, and substrates - thereby acting as a mechanism to compartmentalize kinase-substrate relationships, and in some cases also sequestering the kinase away from inhibitory factors. We also examine the possibility that selective pressure promotes genomic rearrangements that fuse pro-growth kinases to LLPS-prone protein sequences, which in turn drives aberrant kinase activation through LLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania P López-Palacios
- Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Joshua L Andersen
- Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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Wang C, Lu X. Targeting MET: Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors as Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37262349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
MET has been considered as a promising drug target for the treatment of MET-dependent diseases, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small molecule MET inhibitors with mainly three types of binding modes (Ia/Ib, II, and III) have been developed. In this Review, we provide an overview of the structural features, activation mechanism, and dysregulation pathway of MET and summarize progress on the development and discovery strategies utilized for MET inhibitors as well as mechanisms of acquired resistance to current approved inhibitors. The insights will accelerate discovery of new generation MET inhibitors to overcome clinical acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Heydt C, Ihle MA, Merkelbach-Bruse S. Overview of Molecular Detection Technologies for MET in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112932. [PMID: 37296895 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MET tyrosine kinase receptor pathway activation has become an important actionable target in solid tumors. Aberrations in the MET proto-oncogene, including MET overexpression, the activation of MET mutations, MET mutations that lead to MET exon 14 skipping, MET gene amplifications, and MET fusions, are known to be primary and secondary oncogenic drivers in cancer; these aberrations have evolved as predictive biomarkers in clinical diagnostics. Thus, the detection of all known MET aberrations in daily clinical care is essential. In this review, current molecular technologies for the detection of the different MET aberrations are highlighted, including the benefits and drawbacks. In the future, another focus will be on the standardization of detection technologies for the delivery of reliable, quick, and affordable tests in clinical molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Heydt
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Angelika Ihle
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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9
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Moiseenko F, Bogdanov A, Egorenkov V, Volkov N, Moiseyenko V. Management and Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with MET Alteration and Mechanisms of Resistance. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:1664-1698. [PMID: 36269457 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT MET-driven tumors are a heterogenous group of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with activating mutations. Pathologic activation of MET can be achieved with increased number of gene copies overexpression, or decreased protein degradation through several mechanisms, including mutations, amplifications, or fusions. Besides its role as primary driver, MET activation might also mediate resistance to kinase inhibitors in NSCLC with various other actionable alterations. While checkpoint inhibitors have modest efficacy in MET-driven tumors, several approaches of targeted blockade are available. Among them the most promising are small tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and bispecific antibodies. Unfortunately, resistance is virtually inevitable. Resistance to small kinase inhibitors might be mediated by kinase domain mutations or activation of shunting cascades. Various resistance mechanisms might be present in one patient, making it overcoming an unresolved problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor Moiseenko
- Saint-Petersburg City Cancer Center, Leningradskay 68a, Lit.A, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia. .,N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, 68, Leningradskaya st., Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia. .,State Budget Institution of Higher Education "North-Western State Medical University named after I.I Mechnikov" under the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, 41, Kirochnaya str, Saint Petersburg, 191015, Russia.
| | - Alexey Bogdanov
- Saint-Petersburg City Cancer Center, Leningradskay 68a, Lit.A, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Egorenkov
- Saint-Petersburg City Cancer Center, Leningradskay 68a, Lit.A, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Nikita Volkov
- Saint-Petersburg City Cancer Center, Leningradskay 68a, Lit.A, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Vladimir Moiseyenko
- Saint-Petersburg City Cancer Center, Leningradskay 68a, Lit.A, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
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Lin CY, Wei SH, Chen YL, Lee CT, Wu SY, Ho CL, Pavlick DC, Su PL, Lin CC. Case report: Salvage capmatinib therapy in KIF5B-MET fusion-positive lung adenocarcinoma with resistance to telisotuzumab vedotin. Front Oncol 2022; 12:919123. [PMID: 36033470 PMCID: PMC9404301 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.919123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telisotuzumab vedotin is a MET-targeting antibody–drug conjugate that has demonstrated a good treatment response in patients with EGFR wild-type MET-overexpressing non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. However, patients have been reported to acquire resistance to this drug, and the subsequent therapy has not been standardized. Here, we present a case of a 56-year-old woman diagnosed with KIF5B-MET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer who had a durable response to capmatinib after acquired resistance to telisotuzumab vedotin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Huan Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ta Lee
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yin Wu
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Ho
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dean C. Pavlick
- Department of Research and Development, Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Po-Lan Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Po-Lan Su,
| | - Chien-Chung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Ou L, Tang Y, Deng Y, Guo L, He Q, He T, Feng W. Case Report: Durable partial response to icotinib plus crizotinib in a lung adenocarcinoma patient with double uncommon EGFR G719D/L861Q mutations and an acquired novel CUX1-MET fusion. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911362. [PMID: 35957915 PMCID: PMC9360523 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring MET exon 14 skipping or high MET amplification display a high rate of response to MET inhibitors. However, MET fusions in NSCLC have rarely been revealed. In this report, a 63-year-old woman with lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), harboring EGFR exon 18 G719D and exon 21 L861Q mutations, received first-generation, EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) icotinib therapy. Next generation sequencing (NGS) results only displayed an EGFR T790M point mutation following icotinib resistance. Thus, the patient was treated with osimertinib and achieved a stable disease (SD). However, disease progressed after 15 months and a novel MET fusion (CUX1 exon14-MET exon15) in addition to EGFR G719D/L861Q mutations were simultaneously detected in a tissue biopsy sample. After more than nine months, the patient subsequently achieved a PR with the combination of icotinib and crizotinib. To our knowledge, this is the first case of LADC patient displaying the presence of EGFR double uncommon mutations and an acquired novel CUX1-MET fusion that has benefited from icotinib plus crizotinib treatment. Following nine months of PR with icotinib plus crizotinib, the patient, until the time of publication, is exhibiting stable disease. The results suggest that the CUX1-MET fusion may be sensitive to crizotinib, although previous reports indicated that some MET fusion cases did not respond to crizotinib. Given this disparity, distinguishing MET fusion partners when crizotinib is used in LADC treatment is also very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzi Ou
- Oncology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yicong Tang
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yanming Deng
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Lijie Guo
- Medical Department Shanghai OrigiMed Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing He
- Medical Department Shanghai OrigiMed Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting He
- Medical Department Shanghai OrigiMed Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Weineng Feng
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Weineng Feng,
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12
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Luo YH, Liang KH, Huang HC, Shen CI, Chiang CL, Wang ML, Chiou SH, Chen YM. State-of-the-Art Molecular Oncology of Lung Cancer in Taiwan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137037. [PMID: 35806042 PMCID: PMC9266727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers are life-threatening malignancies that cause great healthcare burdens in Taiwan and worldwide. The 5-year survival rate for Taiwanese patients with lung cancer is approximately 29%, an unsatisfactorily low number that remains to be improved. We first reviewed the molecular epidemiology derived from a deep proteogenomic resource in Taiwan. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)antioxidant mechanism was discovered to mediate the oncogenesis and tumor progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, DNA replication, glycolysis and stress response are positively associated with tumor stages, while cell-to-cell communication, signaling, integrin, G protein coupled receptors, ion channels and adaptive immunity are negatively associated with tumor stages. Three patient subgroups were discovered based on the clustering analysis of protein abundance in tumors. The first subgroup is associated with more advanced cancer stages and visceral pleural invasion, as well as higher mutation burdens. The second subgroup is associated with EGFR L858R mutations. The third subgroup is associated with PI3K/AKT pathways and cell cycles. Both EGFR and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways have been shown to induce NRF2 activation and tumor cell proliferation. We also reviewed the clinical evidence of patient outcomes in Taiwan given various approved targeted therapies, such as EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)inhibitors, in accordance with the patients’ characteristics. Somatic mutations occurred in EGFR, KRAS, HER2 and BRAF genes, and these mutations have been detected in 55.7%, 5.2%, 2.0% and 0.7% patients, respectively. The EGFR mutation is the most prevalent targetable mutation in Taiwan. EML4-ALK translocations have been found in 9.8% of patients with wild-type EGFR. The molecular profiling of advanced NSCLC is critical to optimal therapeutic decision-making. The patient characteristics, such as mutation profiles, protein expression profiles, drug-resistance profiles, molecular oncogenic mechanisms and patient subgroup systems together offer new strategies for personalized treatments and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hung Luo
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-I.S.); (C.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Kung-Hao Liang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Ching Huang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-I.S.); (C.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-I Shen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-I.S.); (C.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Lu Chiang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-I.S.); (C.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-H.C.); (Y.-M.C.); Tel.: +886-2-28757865 (Y.-M.C.)
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-I.S.); (C.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-H.C.); (Y.-M.C.); Tel.: +886-2-28757865 (Y.-M.C.)
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13
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Liu LF, Deng JY, Lizaso A, Lin J, Sun S. Effective response to crizotinib of concurrent KIF5B-MET and MET- CDR2-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2529-2536. [PMID: 35434049 PMCID: PMC8968612 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i8.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the rarity of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) fusions, the clinical efficacy of crizotinib has only been described in a few patients with MET fusions involving various fusion partners. Herein, we report the clinical response to crizotinib of a patient with advanced poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) having concurrent MET fusions.
CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old woman was diagnosed with poorly differentiated NSCLC (T4N3M1). With no classic driver mutations, she was treated with two cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin without clinical benefit. Targeted sequencing revealed the detection of two concurrent MET fusions, KIF5B-MET and novel MET-CDR2. Crizotinib was initiated at a dose of 250 mg twice daily. Within 4 wk of crizotinib therapy, repeat computed chromatography revealed a dramatic reduction in primary and metastatic lesions, assessed as partial response. She continued to benefit from crizotinib for 3 mo until disease progression and died within 1 mo despite receiving nivolumab therapy.
CONCLUSION Crizotinib sensitivity was observed in an advanced poorly differentiated NSCLC patient with concurrent MET fusions KIF5B-MET and MET-CDR2. Crizotinib can serve as a therapeutic option for patients with MET fusions. In addition, our case also highlights the importance of comprehensive genomic profiling particularly in patients with no classic driver mutation for guiding alternative therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Fang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Ying Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Analyn Lizaso
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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KIF5B-MET fusion variant in non-small cell lung cancer. Pulmonology 2022; 28:315-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Sudhesh Dev S, Zainal Abidin SA, Farghadani R, Othman I, Naidu R. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Their Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Targets of Curcumin in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:772510. [PMID: 34867402 PMCID: PMC8634471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are transmembrane cell-surface proteins that act as signal transducers. They regulate essential cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and metabolism. RTK alteration occurs in a broad spectrum of cancers, emphasising its crucial role in cancer progression and as a suitable therapeutic target. The use of small molecule RTK inhibitors however, has been crippled by the emergence of resistance, highlighting the need for a pleiotropic anti-cancer agent that can replace or be used in combination with existing pharmacological agents to enhance treatment efficacy. Curcumin is an attractive therapeutic agent mainly due to its potent anti-cancer effects, extensive range of targets and minimal toxicity. Out of the numerous documented targets of curcumin, RTKs appear to be one of the main nodes of curcumin-mediated inhibition. Many studies have found that curcumin influences RTK activation and their downstream signaling pathways resulting in increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation and decreased migration in cancer both in vitro and in vivo. This review focused on how curcumin exhibits anti-cancer effects through inhibition of RTKs and downstream signaling pathways like the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, and NF-κB pathways. Combination studies of curcumin and RTK inhibitors were also analysed with emphasis on their common molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareshma Sudhesh Dev
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Reyhaneh Farghadani
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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16
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Lee M, Jain P, Wang F, Ma PC, Borczuk A, Halmos B. MET alterations and their impact on the future of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) targeted therapies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:249-268. [PMID: 33945380 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1925648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The MET gene and its pathway normally plays a crucial role in cell homeostasis, motility, and apoptosis. However, when the MET gene is altered, there is an imbalance toward cell proliferation and invasion commonly seen in numerous different types of cancers. The heterogeneous group of MET alterations that includes MET amplification, MET exon 14 skipping mutation, and MET fusions has been difficult to diagnose and treat. Currently, treatments are focused on tyrosine kinase inhibitors but now there is emerging data on novel MET-targeted therapies including monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates that have emerged.Areas covered: We introduce new emerging data on MET alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has contributed to advances in MET targeted therapeutics. We offer our perspective and examine new information on the mechanisms of the MET alterations in this review.Expert opinion: Given the trends currently involving the targeting of MET altered malignancies, there will most likely be a continued rapid expansion of testing, novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors and potent antibody approaches. Combination treatments will be necessary to optimize management of advanced and early disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lee
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Prantesh Jain
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Patrick C Ma
- Penn State CancerInstitute, PennState College of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alain Borczuk
- Department of Pathology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Balazs Halmos
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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17
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Wu ZW, Sha Y, Chen Q, Hou J, Sun Y, Lu WK, Chen J, Yu LJ. Novel intergenic KIF5B-MET fusion variant in a patient with gastric cancer: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:3350-3355. [PMID: 34002144 PMCID: PMC8107910 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i14.3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MET fusion is a key driver mutation, but it is rare in gastric cancer (GC). Several MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor) inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of MET-positive patients, but the tumor response is heterogeneous. With the development of next-generation sequencing, diverse MET fusion partner genes have been identified. We herein report a fusion variant involving KIF5B-MET in GC.
CASE SUMMARY After thoracoscopic inferior lobectomy plus lymph node dissection under general anesthesia, a “tumor within a tumor” was found in the lung tumor tissue of a 64-year-old non-smoking male patient. Combining the medical history and the results of enzyme labeling, the focal area was considered to be GC. To seek potential therapeutic regimens, an intergenic region between KIF5B and MET fusion was identified. This fusion contains a MET kinase domain and coil-coiled domains encoded by KIF5B exons 1-25, which might drive the oncogenesis.
CONCLUSION Our finding could extend the spectrum and genomic landscape of MET fusions in GC and favor the development of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Sha
- Department of Pathology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juan Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wang-Kun Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Jiang Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu Province, China
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Leone G, Passiglia F, Bironzo P, Bertaglia V, Novello S. Is there any place for immune-checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment algorithm of fusion-driven non-small cell lung cancer?-a literature review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:2674-2685. [PMID: 33489826 PMCID: PMC7815346 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis, produced a paradigm change of the treatment algorithm for metastatic, non-oncogene addicted, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the majority of patients with oncogene-addicted disease have been excluded from the "immunotherapy revolution", thus the clinical efficacy of these agents in this subset of patients remains largely unknown. Although pre-clinical evidence provided a good rationale to pursue the investigation of ICI treatment in specific subgroups of oncogene-addicted NSCLC, current available evidence suggested that tumors harboring molecular alterations likely do not represent the best candidate to single agent ICI therapy. Furthermore, the prospect of further improving overall survival (OS) with the combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and ICIs led to unexpected poor results and safety issues in recent phase I trials exploring different therapeutic associations. Conversely, the combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy is emerging as a potential effective strategy in specific subsets of NSCLC patients harboring oncogenic drivers. In this review we particularly focus on the subgroup of patients whose disease harbor oncogenic rearrangements, summarizing current evidence from preclinical and clinical studies and discussing their practical implications, in order to define the potential role of ICIs in the clinical management of fusion-driven NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Leone
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesco Passiglia
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Paolo Bironzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Valentina Bertaglia
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
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Suda K, Mitsudomi T. Emerging oncogenic fusions other than ALK, ROS1, RET, and NTRK in NSCLC and the role of fusions as resistance mechanisms to targeted therapy. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:2618-2628. [PMID: 33489822 PMCID: PMC7815361 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that gene fusions caused by chromosomal rearrangements are frequent events in the initiation and during progression of solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Since the discoveries of ALK and ROS1 fusions in 2007 and the subsequent successes of pharmacological targeting for these fusions, numerous efforts have identified additional oncogenic driver fusions in NSCLCs, especially in lung adenocarcinomas. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in this field focusing on novel oncogenic fusions other than ALK, ROS1, NTRK, and RET fusions, which are summarized in other articles in this thematic issue. These novel gene fusions include neuregulin-1 (NRG1) fusions, MET fusions, fusion genes involving fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family members, EGFR fusions, and other rare fusions. In addition, evidence has suggested that acquisition of gene fusions by cancer cells can be a molecular mechanism of acquired resistance to targeted therapies. Most of the current data are from analyses of resistance mechanisms to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancers with oncogenic EGFR mutations. However, a few recent studies suggest that gene fusions can also be a resistance mechanism to ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancers with oncogenic ALK fusions. Detection, validation, and pharmacological inhibition of these fusion genes are becoming more important in the treatment of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Suda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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20
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Autophagy Regulatory Genes MET and RIPK2 Play a Prognostic Role in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Bioinformatic Analysis Based on GEO and TCGA. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8537381. [PMID: 33204717 PMCID: PMC7665929 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8537381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a common malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Autophagy activity changes in both cancer cells and microenvironment and affects the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this study was to predict the prognostic autophagy regulatory genes and their role in the regulation of autophagy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We draw conclusions based on gene expression data from different platforms: GSE62165 and GSE85916 from the array platform, TCGA from the bulk RNA-seq platform, and GSE111672 from the single-cell RNA-seq platform. At first, we detected differentially expressed genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma compared with normal pancreatic tissue based on GSE62165. Then, we screened prognostic genes based on GSE85916 and TCGA. Furthermore, we constructed a risk signature composed of the prognostic differentially expressed genes. Finally, we predicted the probable role of these genes in regulating autophagy and the types of cell expressing these genes. According to our screening criteria, there were only two genes: MET and RIPK2, selected into the development of the risk signature. However, evaluated by log-rank tests, receiver operating characteristic curves, and calibration curves, the risk signature was worth considering its clinical application because of good sensitivity, specificity, and stability. Besides, we predicted that both MET and RIPK2 promote autophagy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by gene set enrichment analysis. Analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data from GSE111672 revealed that both MET and RIPK2 were expressed in cancer cells while RIPK2 was also expressed in monocytes and neutrophils. After comprehensive analysis, we found that both MET and RIPK2 are related to the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and provided some associated clues for clinical application and basic experiment research.
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21
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Xing P, Yang N, Hu X, Mu Y, Wang S, Guo Y, Hao X, Hu X, Zhang X, Li J. The clinical significance of RET gene fusion among Chinese patients with lung cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:6455-6463. [PMID: 35117253 PMCID: PMC8797800 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of lung cancer is growing fast in China, however, the prognosis remains dismal due to the limited therapeutic approaches. The “ret proto-oncogene mutation” (RET) fusions have been proven to be the driver gene in lung cancer development and the therapeutic target of several multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Methods We applied formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of 39 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using the Lung Plasma panel covering 168 cancer-associated genes and performed capture-based targeted deep sequencing to identify the RET fusion partners and concurrent gene mutation with Miseq. The log-rank test was used to compare the survival difference of patients according to treatment strategies. Statistical analyses and graphs were performed using R language and GraphPad Prism. Results Most of the samples were advanced (stage IIIb and IV) lung adenocarcinomas (80.77%). KIF5B-RET fusions were identified in 52% of the samples and K15-E12 was the most common variant. 6 (15%) samples harbored concurrent TP53 mutation and 3 samples were positive with EGFR mutation including a mutation in exon 19. Of these patients included, ten received cabozantinib, two received anlotinib, and one received crizotinib. Two (20%; 0–45) samples achieved stable disease and two were progressed in the cabozantinib treated group. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4 months (95% CI: 3.2–4.8) and median overall survival (OS) was 25 months (95% CI: 1.5–48.5). Three (11.54%; 0–24) samples achieved partial response in patients without RET inhibitor treatment and 4 (15.38%; 2–29) were stable disease. The median PFS was 11 months (95% CI: 1.2–20.8). There was no significant difference in PFS and OS between groups with or without RET inhibitors treatment. Conclusion This study provided insight into the RET fusions patients treatment. The survival benefit of current RET inhibitors was limited. More precise and potent RET inhibitors should be developed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyuan Xing
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Mu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shouzheng Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiying Guo
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Hao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xingsheng Hu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Junling Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Salgia R, Sattler M, Scheele J, Stroh C, Felip E. The promise of selective MET inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer with MET exon 14 skipping. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 87:102022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Guo R, Luo J, Chang J, Rekhtman N, Arcila M, Drilon A. MET-dependent solid tumours - molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:569-587. [PMID: 32514147 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Attempts to develop MET-targeted therapies have historically focused on MET-expressing cancers, with limited success. Thus, MET expression in the absence of a genomic marker of MET dependence is a poor predictor of benefit from MET-targeted therapy. However, owing to the development of more sensitive methods of detecting genomic alterations, high-level MET amplification and activating MET mutations or fusions are all now known to be drivers of oncogenesis. MET mutations include those affecting the kinase or extracellular domains and those that result in exon 14 skipping. The activity of MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors varies by MET alteration category. The likelihood of benefit from MET-targeted therapies increases with increasing levels of MET amplification, although no consensus exists on the optimal diagnostic cut-off point for MET copy number gains identified using fluorescence in situ hybridization and, in particular, next-generation sequencing. Several agents targeting exon 14 skipping alterations are currently in clinical development, with promising data available from early-phase trials. By contrast, the therapeutic implications of MET fusions remain underexplored. Here we summarize and evaluate the utility of various diagnostic techniques and the roles of different classes of MET-targeted therapies in cancers with MET amplification, mutation and fusion, and MET overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Guo
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Chang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natasha Rekhtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Arcila
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Drilon
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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The role of contextual signal TGF-β1 inducer of epithelial mesenchymal transition in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases: an update on its pathological significance and therapeutic potential. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2019; 23:187-194. [PMID: 31992949 PMCID: PMC6978756 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2019.91543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LA) is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite the advances over last decade in new targeted therapies, cancer genetics, diagnostics, staging, and surgical techniques as well as new chemotherapy and radiotherapy protocols, the death rate from LA remains high. The tumour microenvironment is composed of several cytokines, one of which is transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), which modulates and mediates the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), correlated with invasive growth in LAs, and exhibits its pleiotropic effects through binding to transmembrane receptors TβR-1 (also termed activin receptor-like kinases – ALKs) and TβR-2. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with the tumoural spreading process and therapeutic resistance of this serious pathology. In this review, we briefly discuss the current role of contextual signal TGF-β1 inducer of epithelial mesenchymal transition in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases, and give an overview of our current mechanistic understanding of the TGF-β1-related pathways in brain metastases progression, TGF-β1 pathway inhibitors that could be used for clinical treatment, and examination of models used to study these processes. Finally, we summarise the current progress in the therapeutic approaches targeting TGF-β1.
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Hsieh MS, Lin MW, Lee YH. Lung adenocarcinoma with sarcomatoid transformation after tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment and chemotherapy. Lung Cancer 2019; 137:76-84. [PMID: 31561203 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancers have various acquired resistance mechanisms that lead to treatment failure and disease progression, including secondary epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 T790 M mutations, EGFR downstream or bypass pathway activation, and histologic transformation from adenocarcinoma to small cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or sarcomatoid carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study compared the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics before and after sarcomatoid transformation. Six advanced cases of lung adenocarcinoma that developed sarcomatoid transformation after treatment were collected. RESULTS Five cases had classic EGFR mutations and one had a ROS1 rearrangement. The interval from initial diagnosis to sarcomatoid transformation ranged from 9 to 88 mo (median of 31.5 mo). The median survival after sarcomatoid transformation was 2.5 mo (1-16 mo). Before sarcomatoid transformation, all cases demonstrated typical adenocarcinoma features, including acinar, micropapillary, or solid/cribriform patterns, negative or weak focal vimentin staining, and strong E-cadherin expression. Histologic features of sarcomatoid transformation included giant cell features (6/6), loose cellular cohesion (6/6), strong staining for vimentin (6/6), decreased or lost E-cadherin expression (5/6), and high PD-L1 expression (5/6; one case demonstrated high PD-L1 staining at initial diagnosis). High MET expression and MET copy number gain (two samples with high polysomy and three with true amplification) were observed in five cases with EGFR mutation treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). One case exhibited MET amplification prior to the start of TKI treatment. CONCLUSION Sarcomatoid transformation is a type of lung cancer histologic evolution with a poor prognosis and a high proportion of cases with aberrant MET activation and PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Shu Hsieh
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Wei Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Pan Y, Zhang Y, Ye T, Zhao Y, Gao Z, Yuan H, Zheng D, Zheng S, Li H, Li Y, Jin Y, Sun Y, Chen H. Detection of Novel NRG1, EGFR, and MET Fusions in Lung Adenocarcinomas in the Chinese Population. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:2003-2008. [PMID: 31382039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple oncogene fusions beyond ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK), RET, and ROS1 fusion has been described in lung cancer, especially in lung adenocarcinomas without common oncogenic mutations. Molecular inhibitors have been developed and proved effective for patients whose tumors harbor these novel alterations. METHODS A consecutive series of surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas were collected and profiled using an enrichment strategy to detect nine common oncogenic driver mutations and fusions concerning EGFR, KRAS, HER2, BRAF, MET, ALK, RET, ROS1, and FGFR. Driver-negative cases were further analyzed by a comprehensive RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) fusion assay for novel fusions. RESULTS In total, we profiled 1681 lung adenocarcinomas, among which 255 cases were common driver-negative. One hundred seventy-seven cases had sufficient tissue for NGS fusions screening, which identified eight novel fusions. NRG1 fusions occurred in 0.36% of all lung adenocarcinoma cases (6 of 1681 cases), including 4 CD74-NRG1-positive cases, 1 RBPMS-NRG1-positive case, and 1 novel ITGB1-NRG1-positive case. Furthermore, another 2 novel fusions were also detected, including 1 EGFR-SHC1 fusion and 1 CD47-MET fusion, both of which were in-frame and retained the functional domain of the corresponding kinases. No fusion event was detected for NTRK, KRAS, BRAF or HER2 genes in this cohort. Detailed clinicopathologic data showed that invasive mucous adenocarcinoma (three of eight cases) and acinar-predominant adenocarcinoma (three of eight cases) were the most prevalent pathologic subtypes among novel fusions. CONCLUSIONS Fusions affecting NRG1, EGFR, and MET were detected in 0.48% of unselected lung adenocarcinomas, and NRG1 fusions ranked the most prevalent fusions in common driver-negative lung adenocarcinomas from Chinese population. RNA-based NGS fusion assay was an optional method for screening actionable fusions in common driver-negative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjian Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhendong Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Difan Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanbo Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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