Bass J, Sidebotham M, Sweet L, Creedy DK. Development of a tool to measure holistic reflection in midwifery students and midwives.
Women Birth 2021;
35:e502-e511. [PMID:
34666952 DOI:
10.1016/j.wombi.2021.10.001]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Holistic reflection encompasses reflection as a continuum, incorporating critical reflection, reflexivity, critical thinking and a whole-of-person approach. The development of holistic reflection in midwifery students and midwives is rarely measured in a standardised way.
AIM
To develop and test a tool to measure holistic reflection in midwifery students and midwives, for use in pre-registration and post-graduate education, and research.
DESIGN
The eight-step approach to tool development by DeVellis was followed with psychometric testing of data from a cross-sectional survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Midwifery students (pre-registration and postgraduate), and midwifery alumni of an Australian university.
METHODS
Draft items (n = 84) were generated from review of the literature, qualitative research, and a theoretical model. An expert panel (n = 19) reviewed draft items resulting in 39 items. The survey included demographic details, the draft Holistic Reflection Assessment Tool, emotional intelligence subscale, and a social desirability scale. Participants repeated the online survey at two weeks to confirm test-retest reliability.
RESULTS
The 187 responses were received. Exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation revealed three factors accounting for 49% of variance. Internal consistency of the tool was high (α = .91) and test-retest reliability at two weeks (α = .93) demonstrated stability. There were low correlations between social desirability (r = .22, p < .001) and emotional intelligence (r = .21, p < .001) with the new holistic reflection scale.
CONCLUSIONS
The Holistic Reflection Assessment Tool is the first for midwifery. The tool was reliable, stable, and valid. Further research is warranted for criterion validity.
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