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Larki I, Zahedi A, Asadi M, Forootan MM, Farajollahi M, Ahmadi R, Ahmadi A. Mitigation approaches and techniques for combustion power plants flue gas emissions: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166108. [PMID: 37567281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Population growth and urbanization are driving energy demand. Despite the development of renewable energy technologies, most of this demand is still met by fossil fuels. Flue gases are the main air pollutants from combustion power plants. These pollutants include particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon oxides (COx). The release of these pollutants has adverse effects on human health and the environment, including serious damage to the human respiratory system, acid rain, climate change, and global warming. In this review, a wide range of conventional and new technologies that have the potential to be used in the combustion power plant sector to manage and reduce flue gas pollutants have been examined. Nowadays, conventional approaches to emissions control and management, which focus primarily on post-combustion techniques, face several challenges despite their widespread use and commendable effectiveness. Therefore, studies that have proposed alternative approaches to achieve improved and more efficient methods are reviewed. The results show that new advances such as novel PM collectors, attaining an efficiency of nearly 100 % for submicron particles, microwave systems, boasting an efficiency of nearly 90 % for NO and over 95 % for SO2, electrochemical systems achieving above 90 % efficiency for NOx reduction, non-thermal plasma processes demonstrating an efficiency close to 90 % for NOx, microalgae-based methods with efficiency ranging from 80 % to 99 % for CO2, and wet scrubbing, exhibit considerable potential in addressing the shortcomings of conventional systems. Furthermore, the integration of hybrid methods, particularly in regions prioritizing environmental concerns over economic considerations, holds promise for enhanced control and removal of flue gas pollutants with superior efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Larki
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zahedi
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Asadi
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Forootan
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Farajollahi
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Ahmadi
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ahmadi
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Ahad J, Farooq A, Ahmad M, Waheed K, Qureshi KR, Siddique W, Irfan N. Performance of bubble column for iodine removal in a lab scale setup of filtered containment venting system. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2023.104670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Ahad J, Farooq A, Siddique W, Ahmed A, Ahmad M, Waheed K, Qureshi KR, Irfan N. Influence of variation in converging section and orifice plane on the performance of venturi scrubber by using CFD. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ramaswamy K, Jule LT, N N, Subramanian K, R S, L PD, Seenivasan V. Reduction of environmental chemicals, toxicity and particulate matter in wet scrubber device to achieve zero emissions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9170. [PMID: 35654879 PMCID: PMC9163193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13369-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The fine particles generated by the foundry industry are present in the atmosphere; they have an impact on the climate because of their influence on atmospheric radioactive phenomena. As a result of this scenario, there is a rising amount of legislation restricting the emission of pollutants from foundry industries and related businesses. In response to this situation, many researchers have concentrated on end-of-pipe technologies, one of which is the wet scrubber, which is a device that is primarily used in foundries to control pollution and is one of the devices that has been incorporated. The disadvantage of using this wet scrubber, on the other hand, is that it contributes to secondary pollution when it is used. In order to combat secondary pollution, a model of an enhanced wet scrubber system that incorporates a multi-sand filtering technology was developed. The performance of this redesigned wet scrubber system was evaluated with the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. In CFD, the Reynolds stress model was applied for simulation. The pressure magnitudes and velocity magnitudes are obtained by this simulation. The volume fraction of the dust was evaluated through the DPM approach. Because of the introduction of the filtration tank's computation, it was discovered that successful filtration was accomplished using sand filters, meaning that environmental chemicals and particles were totally filtered from 0.17 kg at the entrance to zero kg of particles at the outflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaraj Ramaswamy
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia. .,Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Knowledge, Innovative Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia.
| | - Leta Tesfaye Jule
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia.,Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Knowledge, Innovative Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia
| | - Nagaprasad N
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ultra College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 107, India
| | - Kumaran Subramanian
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institue of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Shanmugam R
- TIFAC, CORE-HD, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyanka Dwarampudi L
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesh Seenivasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India
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Ahad J, Farooq A, Ahmad M, Waheed K, Qureshi KR, Siddique W, Irfan N. Experimental Investigation of Iodine Removal in a Submerged Venturi Scrubber. THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, POWER AND ENVIRONMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Mukherjee S, Boral S, Siddiqi H, Mishra A, Meikap BC. Present cum future of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its associated control of virus-laden air pollutants leading to potential environmental threat - A global review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 9:104973. [PMID: 33462561 PMCID: PMC7805399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The world is presently infected by the biological fever of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present study is mainly related to the airborne transmission of novel coronavirus through airway. Similarly, our mother planet is suffering from drastic effects of air pollution. There are sufficient probabilities or evidences proven for contagious virus transmission through polluted airborne-pathway in formed aerosol molecules. The pathways and sources of spread are detailed along with the best possible green control technologies or ideas to hinder further transmission. The combined effects of such root causes and unwanted outcomes are similar in nature leading to acute cardiac arrest of our planet. To maintain environmental sustainability, the prior future of such emerging unknown biological hazardous air emissions is to be thoroughly researched. So it is high time to deal with the future of hazardous air pollution and work on its preventive measures. The lifetime of such an airborne virus continues for several hours, thus imposing severe threat even during post-lockdown phase. The world waits eagerly for the development of successful vaccination or medication but the possible outcome is quite uncertain in terms of equivalent economy distribution and biomedical availability. Thus, risk assessments are to be carried out even during the post-vaccination period with proper environmental surveillance and monitoring. The skilled techniques of disinfection, sanitization, and other viable wayouts are to be modified with time, place, and prevailing climatic conditions, handling the pandemic efficiently. A healthy atmosphere makes the earth a better place to dwell, ensuring its future lifecycle.
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Key Words
- 2019-nCoV, 2019 novel coronavirus
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ALRI, Acute Lower Respiratory Infections
- ANN, artificial neural network
- API, air pollution index
- ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials
- Aerosol or particulate matter
- Airborne virus
- BCG, Bacillus Calmette Guérin
- COCOREC, Collaborative Study COVID Recurrence
- COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease, 2019
- CSG, Coronavirus Study Group
- CoV, Coronavirus
- Dispersion
- EPA, Environmental Protection Agency
- FCVS, filtered containment venting systems
- HEME, High-Efficiency Mist Eliminator
- ICTV, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
- IHD, Ischemic Heart Disease
- ISO, International organization of Standardization
- IoT, Internet of Things
- MERS-CoV, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus
- NAAQS, National Ambient Air Quality Standard
- NFKB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- Novel coronavirus
- PM, particulate matter
- Pathways of transmission
- Prevention and control measures
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency
- UVGI, Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation
- VOC, volatile organic compound
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumendu Boral
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Hammad Siddiqi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Asmita Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhim Charan Meikap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Howard College Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal (UKZN), King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa
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