1
|
Çon N, Mercan S, Küçüköner A, Çalişkan N. Adolescent intermittent ethanol use in male rats do not change cerebellar cell numbers but initiate astroglial reaction. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024; 84:177-189. [PMID: 38327108 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption during adolescence causes negative structural changes in the cerebellum and can lead to cognitive and motor skill disorders. Unfortunately, the age at which individuals begin drinking alcohol has decreased in recent years, which has drawn attention to the effects of alcohol on neurological changes during preadolescence. In this study, we investigated the effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure on the cellular composition of the cerebellum in male rats, particularly when alcohol consumption begins early. The male rats received eight doses of intermittent intraperitoneal injection of 25% (v/v) ethanol (3 g/kg) or saline from postnatal days (PND) 25 to PND 38. In rats, 28-42 days old corresponds to 10-18 years old in humans. Two hours after the last injection, the cells, neurons, and non-neuronal cells in the cerebellum were immunocytochemically labeled and the total numbers of related cells were calculated using the Isotropic Fractionator method. We found that AIE exposure does not change the cell numbers of the cerebellum in the short term, but it does activate astrocytes in the white matter of the cerebellum. These findings suggest that alcohol use during adolescence impairs the innate immune system and negatively affects brain plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurhan Çon
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Mercan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Asuman Küçüköner
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Nüket Çalişkan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li C, Zhang H, Tong K, Cai M, Gao F, Yang J, Xu Y, Wang H, Chen H, Hu Y, He W, Zhang J. Genetic Deletion of Thorase Causes Purkinje Cell Loss and Impaired Motor Coordination Behavior. Cells 2023; 12:2032. [PMID: 37626842 PMCID: PMC10453921 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thorase belongs to the AAA+ ATPase family, which plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Our previous work reported that Thorase was highly expressed in brain tissue, especially in the cerebellum. However, the roles of Thorase in the cerebellum have still not been characterized. In this study, we generated conditional knockout mice (cKO) with Thorase deletion in Purkinje cells. Thorase cKO mice exhibited cerebellar degenerative diseases-like behavior and significant impairment in motor coordination. Thorase deletion resulted in more Purkinje neuron apoptosis, leading to Purkinje cell loss in the cerebellum of Thorase cKO mice. We also found enhanced expression of the inflammatory protein ASC, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the Thorase cKO cerebellum, which contributed to the pathogenesis of cerebellar degenerative disease. Our findings provide a better understanding of the role of Thorase in the cerebellum, which is a theoretical basis for Thorase as a therapeutic drug target for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing 100005, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (K.T.); (M.C.); (F.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing 100005, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (K.T.); (M.C.); (F.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Kexin Tong
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing 100005, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (K.T.); (M.C.); (F.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Menghua Cai
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing 100005, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (K.T.); (M.C.); (F.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing 100005, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (K.T.); (M.C.); (F.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing 100005, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (K.T.); (M.C.); (F.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing 100005, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (K.T.); (M.C.); (F.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Huaishan Wang
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing 100005, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (K.T.); (M.C.); (F.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing 100005, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (K.T.); (M.C.); (F.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (Y.H.)
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou 213000, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300010, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing 100005, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (K.T.); (M.C.); (F.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (Y.H.)
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou 213000, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300010, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing 100005, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (K.T.); (M.C.); (F.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing 100005, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (K.T.); (M.C.); (F.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (Y.H.)
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou 213000, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300010, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He Q, Zhang LL, Li D, Wu J, Guo YX, Fan J, Wu Q, Wang HP, Wan Z, Xu JY, Qin LQ. Lactoferrin alleviates Western diet-induced cognitive impairment through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100533. [PMID: 37351541 PMCID: PMC10282426 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) has been shown to benefit cognitive function in several animal models. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the control (CON), Western-style diets (WD), lactoferrin (Lf), and Lf + antibiotics (AB) groups. The Lf group was intragastrically administered with Lf, and the Lf + AB group additionally drank a solution with antibiotics. After 16 weeks of intervention, Lf improved the cognitive function as indicated by behavioral tests. Lf also increased the length and curvature of postsynaptic density and upregulated the related protein expression, suggesting improved hippocampal neurons and synapses. Lf suppressed microglia activation and proliferation as revealed by immunofluorescence analysis. Lf decreased the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and downregulated their protein expressions in the hippocampus region. Lf also inhibited the activation of NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasomes in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, Lf upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins, and increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes at phylum and Roseburia at genus, which are beneficial for gut barrier and cognitive function. The antibiotics eliminated the effects of long-term Lf intervention on cognitive impairment in the Lf + AB group, suggesting that gut microbiota participated in Lf action. Short-term Lf intervention (2 weeks) prevented WD-induced gut microbiota alteration without inducing behavioral changes, supporting the timing sequence of gut microbiota to the brain. Thus, Lf intervention alleviated cognitive impairment by inhibiting microglial activation and neuroinflammation through the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Deming Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jiangxue Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ya-Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jingbo Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Laboratory Center, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qingyang Wu
- School of Life Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 7th Floor, Yasumoto International Academic Park, 999077, China
| | - Hai-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El Khiat A, El Hiba O, Tamegart L, Rais H, Fdil N, Sellami S, El Mokhtar MA, Gamrani H. Time dependent alteration of locomotor behavior in rat with acute liver failure induced cerebellar neuroinflammation and neuro-astroglial damage. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 119:102055. [PMID: 34863855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neurophysiological syndrome secondary to acute or chronic liver failure. Studies showed that HE patients exhibit a deficit in motor coordination, which may result from cerebellar functional impairment. The aim of this study is to assess the time-dependent alteration of locomotor behavior and the glial and neuronal alteration in rat with acute HE induced chemically. The study was carried out in male Sprague-Dawley rats with thioacetamide (TAA) induced acute liver failure at different stages 12 h, 24 h and 36 h. Hepatic and renal functions were assessed via various biochemical and histopathological examinations, while the cerebellum and the midbrain were examined using histology and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). We used as well, the open field test and the Rotarod test for assessing the locomotor activity and coordination. Our data showed a progressive loss of liver function and a progressive alteration in locomotor behavior and motor coordination in acute HE rats. In the cerebellum, we noted an increase in the degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje neurons parallel to increased COX-2 immunoreactivity together with astrocytic morphology and density changes. Likewise, in substantia nigra pars compacta, TH levels were reduced. We showed through the current study, a progressive deterioration in locomotor behavior in acute HE rats, as a result of Purkinje neurons death and a deficient dopaminergic neurotransmission, together with the morpho-functional astroglial modifications involving the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaati El Khiat
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurosciences and Environment, faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, 4000 Marrakech, Morocco; Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Ouarzazate, Morocco.
| | - Omar El Hiba
- Nutritional Physiopathologies and Toxicology Team, faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco.
| | - Lahcen Tamegart
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurosciences and Environment, faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, 4000 Marrakech, Morocco; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Hanane Rais
- Laboratory of Morphosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco; Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Naima Fdil
- Metabolics platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Abbad, BP 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | | | - Mohamed Ait El Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment &Agri-food URAC 36, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohmmedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Halima Gamrani
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurosciences and Environment, faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, 4000 Marrakech, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Attaai AH, Noreldin AE, Abdel-Maksoud FM, Hussein MT. An updated investigation on the dromedary camel cerebellum (Camelus dromedarius) with special insight into the distribution of calcium-binding proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21157. [PMID: 33273572 PMCID: PMC7713137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the cerebella of different animals is important to expand the knowledge about the cerebellum. Studying the camel cerebellum was neglected even though the recent research in the middle east and Asia. Therefore, the present study was designed to achieve a detailed description of the morphology and the cellular organization of the camel cerebellum. Because of the high importance of the calcium ions as a necessary moderator the current work also aimed to investigate the distribution of calcium binding proteins (CaBP) such as calbindin D-28K (CB), parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR) in different cerebellar cells including the non-traditional neurons. The architecture of camel cerebellum, as different mammals, consists of the medulla and three layered-cortex. According to our observation the cells in the granular layer were not crowded and many spaces were observed. CB expression was the highest by Purkinje cells including their dendritic arborization. In addition to its expression by the inhibitory interneurons (basket, stellate and Golgi neurons), it is also expressed by the excitatory granule cells. PV was expressed by Purkinje cells, including their primary arborization, and by the molecular layer cells. CR immunoreactivity (-ir) was obvious in almost all cell layers with varying degrees, however a weak or any expression by the Purkinje cells. The molecular layer cells and the Golgi and the non traditional large neurons of the granular layer showed the strongest CR-ir. Granule neurons showed moderate immunoreactivity for CB and CR. In conclusion, the results of the current study achieved a complete map for the neurochemical organization of CaBP expression and distribution by different cells in the camel cerebellum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelraheim H Attaai
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Manal T Hussein
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lopes GO, Martins Ferreira MK, Davis L, Bittencourt LO, Bragança Aragão WA, Dionizio A, Rabelo Buzalaf MA, Crespo-Lopez ME, Maia CSF, Lima RR. Effects of Fluoride Long-Term Exposure over the Cerebellum: Global Proteomic Profile, Oxidative Biochemistry, Cell Density, and Motor Behavior Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7297. [PMID: 33023249 PMCID: PMC7582550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the literature does not provide evidence of health risks from exposure to fluoride (F) in therapeutic doses, questions remain about the effects of long-term and high-dose use on the function of the central nervous system. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to F at levels similar to those found in areas of artificial water fluoridation and in areas of endemic fluorosis on biochemical, proteomic, cell density, and functional parameters associated with the cerebellum. For this, mice were exposed to water containing 10 mg F/L or 50 mg F/L (as sodium fluoride) for 60 days. After the exposure period, the animals were submitted to motor tests and the cerebellum was evaluated for fluoride levels, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and nitrite levels (NO). The proteomic profile and morphological integrity were also evaluated. The results showed that the 10 mg F/L dose was able to decrease the ACAP levels, and the animals exposed to 50 mg F/L presented lower levels of ACAP and higher levels of MDA and NO. The cerebellar proteomic profile in both groups was modulated, highlighting proteins related to the antioxidant system, energy production, and cell death, however no neuronal density change in cerebellum was observed. Functionally, the horizontal exploratory activity of both exposed groups was impaired, while only the 50 mg F/L group showed significant changes in postural stability. No motor coordination and balance impairments were observed in both groups. Our results suggest that fluoride may impair the cerebellar oxidative biochemistry, which is associated with the proteomic modulation and, although no morphological impairment was observed, only the highest concentration of fluoride was able to impair some cerebellar motor functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (G.O.L.); (M.K.M.F.); (L.D.); (L.O.B.); (W.A.B.A.)
| | - Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (G.O.L.); (M.K.M.F.); (L.D.); (L.O.B.); (W.A.B.A.)
| | - Lodinikki Davis
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (G.O.L.); (M.K.M.F.); (L.D.); (L.O.B.); (W.A.B.A.)
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (G.O.L.); (M.K.M.F.); (L.D.); (L.O.B.); (W.A.B.A.)
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (G.O.L.); (M.K.M.F.); (L.D.); (L.O.B.); (W.A.B.A.)
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP 17012-90, Brazil; (A.D.); (M.A.R.B.)
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP 17012-90, Brazil; (A.D.); (M.A.R.B.)
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Behavior Pharmacology, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (G.O.L.); (M.K.M.F.); (L.D.); (L.O.B.); (W.A.B.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sanyanga TA, Tastan Bishop Ö. Structural Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase VIII and Effects of Missense Single Nucleotide Variations to Protein Structure and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2764. [PMID: 32316137 PMCID: PMC7215520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA-VIII) is an acatalytic isoform of the α -CA family. Though the protein cannot hydrate CO2, CA-VIII is essential for calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis within the body, and achieves this by allosterically inhibiting the binding of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) to the IP3 receptor type 1 (ITPR1) protein. However, the mechanism of interaction of CA-VIII to ITPR1 is not well understood. In addition, functional defects to CA-VIII due to non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNVs) result in Ca2+ dysregulation and the development of the phenotypes such as cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation and disequilibrium syndrome 3 (CAMRQ3). The pathogenesis of CAMRQ3 is also not well understood. The structure and function of CA-VIII was characterised, and pathogenesis of CAMRQ3 investigated. Structural and functional characterisation of CA-VIII was conducted through SiteMap and CPORT to identify potential binding site residues. The effects of four pathogenic nsSNVs, S100A, S100P, G162R and R237Q, and two benign S100L and E109D variants on CA-VIII structure and function was then investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, dynamic cross correlation (DCC) and dynamic residue network (DRN) analysis. SiteMap and CPORT analyses identified 38 unique CA-VIII residues that could potentially bind to ITPR1. MD analysis revealed less conformational sampling within the variant proteins and highlighted potential increases to variant protein rigidity. Dynamic cross correlation (DCC) showed that wild-type (WT) protein residue motion is predominately anti-correlated, with variant proteins showing no correlation to greater residue correlation. DRN revealed variant-associated increases to the accessibility of the N-terminal binding site residues, which could have implications for associations with ITPR1, and further highlighted differences to the mechanism of benign and pathogenic variants. SNV presence is associated with a reduction to the usage of Trp37 in all variants, which has implications for CA-VIII stability. The differences to variant mechanisms can be further investigated to understand pathogenesis of CAMRQ3, enhancing precision medicine-related studies into CA-VIII.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Binding Sites
- Biomarkers, Tumor/chemistry
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cerebellar Ataxia/genetics
- Cerebellar Ataxia/pathology
- Databases, Genetic
- Humans
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/chemistry
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Intellectual Disability/genetics
- Intellectual Disability/pathology
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Mutation, Missense
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Protein Stability
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Özlem Tastan Bishop
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Webb SE, Kelu JJ, Miller AL. Role of Two-Pore Channels in Embryonic Development and Cellular Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a035170. [PMID: 31358517 PMCID: PMC6942120 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and its putative target, the two-pore channel (TPC), the NAADP/TPC/Ca2+ signaling pathway has been reported to play a role in a diverse range of functions in a variety of different cell types. TPCs have also been associated with a number of diseases, which arise when their activity is perturbed. In addition, TPCs have been shown to play key roles in various embryological processes and during the differentiation of a variety of cell types. Here, we review the role of NAADP/TPC/Ca2+ signaling during early embryonic development and cellular differentiation. We pay particular attention to the role of TPC2 in the development and maturation of early neuromuscular activity in zebrafish, and during the differentiation of isolated osteoclasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. Our aim is to emphasize the conserved features of TPC-mediated Ca2+ signaling in a number of selected examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Webb
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Jeffrey J Kelu
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Andrew L Miller
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong, PRC
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matsugi A, Okada Y. Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation modulates the effect of cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation on the excitability of spinal reflex. Neurosci Res 2020; 150:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Sterea AM, El Hiani Y. The Role of Mitochondrial Calcium Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Cancer Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:747-770. [PMID: 31646533 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pioneering work of Richard Altman on the presence of mitochondria in cells set in motion a field of research dedicated to uncovering the secrets of the mitochondria. Despite limitations in studying the structure and function of the mitochondria, advances in our understanding of this organelle prompted the development of potential treatments for various diseases, from neurodegenerative conditions to muscular dystrophy and cancer. As the powerhouses of the cell, the mitochondria represent the essence of cellular life and as such, a selective advantage for cancer cells. Much of the function of the mitochondria relies on Ca2+ homeostasis and the presence of effective Ca2+ signaling to maintain the balance between mitochondrial function and dysfunction and subsequently, cell survival. Ca2+ regulates the mitochondrial respiration rate which in turn increases ATP synthesis, but too much Ca2+ can also trigger the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway; however, cancer cells have evolved mechanisms to modulate mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and efflux in order to sustain their metabolic demand and ensure their survival. Therefore, targeting the mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling involved in the bioenergetic and apoptotic pathways could serve as potential approaches to treat cancer patients. This chapter will review the role of Ca2+ signaling in mediating the function of the mitochondria and its involvement in health and disease with special focus on the pathophysiology of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andra M Sterea
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Angiotensin-Receptor-Associated Protein Modulates Ca 2+ Signals in Photoreceptor and Mossy Fiber cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19622. [PMID: 31873081 PMCID: PMC6928155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast, precise and sustained neurotransmission requires graded Ca2+ signals at the presynaptic terminal. Neurotransmitter release depends on a complex interplay of Ca2+ fluxes and Ca2+ buffering in the presynaptic terminal that is not fully understood. Here, we show that the angiotensin-receptor-associated protein (ATRAP) localizes to synaptic terminals throughout the central nervous system. In the retinal photoreceptor synapse and the cerebellar mossy fiber-granule cell synapse, we find that ATRAP is involved in the generation of depolarization-evoked synaptic Ca2+ transients. Compared to wild type, Ca2+ imaging in acutely isolated preparations of the retina and the cerebellum from ATRAP knockout mice reveals a significant reduction of the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity. Thus, in addition to its conventional role in angiotensin signaling, ATRAP also modulates presynaptic Ca2+ signaling within the central nervous system.
Collapse
|
12
|
Van Skike CE, Goodlett C, Matthews DB. Acute alcohol and cognition: Remembering what it causes us to forget. Alcohol 2019; 79:105-125. [PMID: 30981807 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Addiction has been conceptualized as a specific form of memory that appropriates typically adaptive neural mechanisms of learning to produce the progressive spiral of drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior, perpetuating the path to addiction through aberrant processes of drug-related learning and memory. From that perspective, to understand the development of alcohol use disorders, it is critical to identify how a single exposure to alcohol enters into or alters the processes of learning and memory, so that involvement of and changes in neuroplasticity processes responsible for learning and memory can be identified early. This review characterizes the effects produced by acute alcohol intoxication as a function of brain region and memory neurocircuitry. In general, exposure to ethanol doses that produce intoxicating effects causes consistent impairments in learning and memory processes mediated by specific brain circuitry, whereas lower doses either have no effect or produce a facilitation of memory under certain task conditions. Therefore, acute ethanol does not produce a global impairment of learning and memory, and can actually facilitate particular types of memory, perhaps particular types of memory that facilitate the development of excessive alcohol use. In addition, the effects on cognition are dependent on brain region, task demands, dose received, pharmacokinetics, and tolerance. Additionally, we explore the underlying alterations in neurophysiology produced by acute alcohol exposure that help to explain these changes in cognition and highlight future directions for research. Through understanding the impact that acute alcohol intoxication has on cognition, the preliminary changes potentially causing a problematic addiction memory can better be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candice E Van Skike
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78245, United States
| | - Charles Goodlett
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Douglas B Matthews
- Division of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, 54702, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Heysieattalab S, Lee KH, Liu Y, Wang Y, Foy MR, Bi X, Baudry M. Impaired cerebellar plasticity and eye-blink conditioning in calpain-1 knock-out mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 170:106995. [PMID: 30735788 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calpain-1 and calpain-2 are involved in the regulation of several signaling pathways and neuronal functions in the brain. Our recent studies indicate that calpain-1 is required for hippocampal synaptic plasticity, including long-term depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP) in field CA1. However, little is known regarding the contributions of calpain-1 to cerebellar synaptic plasticity. Low frequency stimulation (LFS, 5 Hz, 5 min)-induced LTP at parallel fibers to Purkinje cell synapses was markedly impaired in cerebellar slices from calpain-1 knock-out (KO) mice. Application of a selective calpain-2 inhibitor enhanced LFS-induced LTP in both wild-type (WT) and calpain-1 KO mice. Three protocols were used to induce LTD at these synapses: LFS (1 Hz, 15 min), perfusion with high potassium and glutamate (K-Glu) or dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG), a mGluR1 agonist. All three forms of LTD were impaired in calpain-1 KO mice. DHPG application stimulated calpain-1 but not calpain-2 in cerebellar slices, and DHPG-induced LTD impairment was reversed by application of a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor, okadaic acid. As in hippocampus, BDNF induced calpain-1 activation and PH domain and Leucine-rich repeat Protein Phosphatase 1/suprachiasmatic nucleus oscillatory protein (PHLPP1/SCOP) degradation followed by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, as well as calpain-2 activation leading to degradation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) in cerebellar slices. The role of calpain-1 in associative learning was evaluated in the delay eyeblink conditioning (EBC). Calpain-1 KO mice exhibited significant learning impairment in EBC during the first 2 days of acquisition training. However, after 5 days of training, the percentage of conditioned responses (CRs) between calpain-1 KO and WT mice was identical. Both calpain-1 KO and WT mice exhibited typical extinction patterns. Our results indicate that calpain-1 plays critical roles in multiple forms of synaptic plasticity and associative learning in both hippocampus and cerebellum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soomaayeh Heysieattalab
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States; Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ka-Hung Lee
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Yubin Wang
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Michael R Foy
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States
| | - Xiaoning Bi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Michel Baudry
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chandran R, Kumar M, Kesavan L, Jacob RS, Gunasekaran S, Lakshmi S, Sadasivan C, Omkumar R. Cellular calcium signaling in the aging brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 95:95-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
15
|
Seki T, Sato M, Konno A, Hirai H, Kurauchi Y, Hisatsune A, Katsuki H. d-Cysteine promotes dendritic development in primary cultured cerebellar Purkinje cells via hydrogen sulfide production. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 93:36-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
16
|
Lysosomal dysfunction and early glial activation are involved in the pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 21 caused by mutant transmembrane protein 240. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 120:34-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
17
|
Gaffield MA, Rowan MJM, Amat SB, Hirai H, Christie JM. Inhibition gates supralinear Ca 2+ signaling in Purkinje cell dendrites during practiced movements. eLife 2018; 7:36246. [PMID: 30117806 PMCID: PMC6120752 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor learning involves neural circuit modifications in the cerebellar cortex, likely through re-weighting of parallel fiber inputs onto Purkinje cells (PCs). Climbing fibers instruct these synaptic modifications when they excite PCs in conjunction with parallel fiber activity, a pairing that enhances climbing fiber-evoked Ca2+ signaling in PC dendrites. In vivo, climbing fibers spike continuously, including during movements when parallel fibers are simultaneously conveying sensorimotor information to PCs. Whether parallel fiber activity enhances climbing fiber Ca2+ signaling during motor behaviors is unknown. In mice, we found that inhibitory molecular layer interneurons (MLIs), activated by parallel fibers during practiced movements, suppressed parallel fiber enhancement of climbing fiber Ca2+ signaling in PCs. Similar results were obtained in acute slices for brief parallel fiber stimuli. Interestingly, more prolonged parallel fiber excitation revealed latent supralinear Ca2+ signaling. Therefore, the balance of parallel fiber and MLI input onto PCs regulates concomitant climbing fiber Ca2+ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J M Rowan
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, United States
| | - Samantha B Amat
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, United States
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Jason M Christie
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Graded Control of Climbing-Fiber-Mediated Plasticity and Learning by Inhibition in the Cerebellum. Neuron 2018; 99:999-1015.e6. [PMID: 30122378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purkinje cell dendrites convert excitatory climbing fiber input into signals that instruct plasticity and motor learning. Modulation of instructive signaling may increase the range in which learning is encoded, yet the mechanisms that allow for this are poorly understood. We found that optogenetic activation of molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) that inhibit Purkinje cells suppressed climbing-fiber-evoked dendritic Ca2+ spiking. Inhibitory suppression of Ca2+ spiking depended on the level of MLI activation and influenced the induction of associative synaptic plasticity, converting climbing-fiber-mediated potentiation of parallel fiber-evoked responses into depression. In awake mice, optogenetic activation of floccular climbing fibers in association with head rotation produced an adaptive increase in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). However, when climbing fibers were co-activated with MLIs, adaptation occurred in the opposite direction, decreasing the VOR. Thus, MLIs can direct a continuous spectrum of plasticity and learning through their influence on Purkinje cell dendritic Ca2+ signaling.
Collapse
|
19
|
da Silva FBR, Cunha PA, Ribera PC, Barros MA, Cartágenes SC, Fernandes LMP, Teixeira FB, Fontes-Júnior EA, Prediger RD, Lima RR, Maia CSF. Heavy Chronic Ethanol Exposure From Adolescence to Adulthood Induces Cerebellar Neuronal Loss and Motor Function Damage in Female Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:88. [PMID: 29867389 PMCID: PMC5968384 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, heavy ethanol consumption by teenagers/younger adults has increased considerably among females. However, few studies have addressed the long-term impact on brain structures’ morphology and function of chronic exposure to high ethanol doses from adolescence to adulthood in females. In line with this idea, in the current study we investigated whether heavy chronic ethanol exposure during adolescence to adulthood may induce motor impairments and morphological and cellular alterations in the cerebellum of female rats. Adolescent female Wistar rats (35 days old) were treated with distilled water or ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day, 22.5% w/v) during 55 days by gavage. At 90 days of age, motor function of animals was assessed using open field (OF), pole, beam walking and rotarod tests. Following completion of behavioral tests, morphological and immunohistochemical analyses of the cerebellum were performed. Chronic ethanol exposure impaired significantly motor performance of female rats, inducing spontaneous locomotor activity deficits, bradykinesia, incoordination and motor learning disruption. Moreover, histological analysis revealed that ethanol exposure induced atrophy and neuronal loss in the cerebellum. These findings indicate that heavy ethanol exposure during adolescence is associated with long-lasting cerebellar degeneration and motor impairments in female rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando B R da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior (LAFICO), Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Polyane A Cunha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior (LAFICO), Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Paula C Ribera
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior (LAFICO), Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Mayara A Barros
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior (LAFICO), Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Sabrina C Cartágenes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior (LAFICO), Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luanna M P Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior (LAFICO), Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Francisco B Teixeira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Enéas A Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior (LAFICO), Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rui D Prediger
- Laboratório Experimental de Doenças Neurodegenerativas (LEXDON), Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S F Maia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior (LAFICO), Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Das S, Spoor M, Sibindi TM, Holland P, Schonewille M, De Zeeuw CI, Frens MA, Donchin O. Impairment of Long-Term Plasticity of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Eliminates the Effect of Anodal Direct Current Stimulation on Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Habituation. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:444. [PMID: 28824366 PMCID: PMC5541059 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anodal direct current stimulation (DCS) of the cerebellum facilitates adaptation tasks, but the mechanism underlying this effect is poorly understood. We have evaluated whether the effects of DCS effects depend on plasticity of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs). Here, we have successfully developed a mouse model of cerebellar DCS, allowing us to present the first demonstration of cerebellar DCS driven behavioral changes in rodents. We have utilized a simple gain down vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) adaptation paradigm, that stabilizes a visual image on the retina during brief head movements, as behavioral tool. Our results provide evidence that anodal stimulation has an acute post-stimulation effect on baseline gain reduction of VOR (VOR gain in sham, anodal and cathodal groups are 0.75 ± 0.12, 0.68 ± 0.1, and 0.78 ± 0.05, respectively). Moreover, this anodal induced decrease in VOR gain is directly dependent on the PP2B medicated synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and intrinsic plasticity pathways of PCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University of the NegevBe'er Sheva, Israel.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcella Spoor
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tafadzwa M Sibindi
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Holland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University of the NegevBe'er Sheva, Israel.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten A Frens
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands.,Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University College, Erasmus UniversityRotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Opher Donchin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University of the NegevBe'er Sheva, Israel.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Doeltgen SH, Young J, Bradnam LV. Anodal Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum Reduces Cerebellar Brain Inhibition but Does Not Influence Afferent Input from the Hand or Face in Healthy Adults. THE CEREBELLUM 2017; 15:466-74. [PMID: 26283524 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cerebellum controls descending motor commands by outputs to primary motor cortex (M1) and the brainstem in response to sensory feedback. The cerebellum may also modulate afferent input en route to M1 and the brainstem. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine if anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the cerebellum influences cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI), short afferent inhibition (SAI) and trigeminal reflexes (TRs) in healthy adults. METHODS Data from two studies evaluating effects of cerebellar anodal and sham tDCS are presented. The first study used a twin coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol to investigate CBI and combined TMS and cutaneous stimulation of the digit to assess SAI. The second study evaluated effects on trigemino-cervical and trigemino-masseter reflexes using peripheral nerve stimulation of the face. RESULTS Fourteen right-handed healthy adults participated in experiment 1. CBI was observed at baseline and was reduced by anodal cerebellar DCS only (P < 0.01). There was SAI at interstimulus intervals of 25 and 30 ms at baseline (both P < 0.0001), but cerebellar tDCS had no effect. Thirteen right-handed healthy adults participated in experiment 2. Inhibitory reflexes were evoked in the ipsilateral masseter and sternocleidomastoid muscles. There was no effect of cerebellar DCS on either reflex. CONCLUSIONS Anodal DCS reduced CBI but did not change SAI or TRs in healthy adults. These results require confirmation in individuals with neurological impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian H Doeltgen
- Swallowing Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jessica Young
- Swallowing Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lynley V Bradnam
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cerebellar Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation and Motor Control Training in Individuals with Cervical Dystonia. Brain Sci 2016; 6:brainsci6040056. [PMID: 27886079 PMCID: PMC5187570 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is emerging evidence that cervical dystonia is a neural network disorder with the cerebellum as a key node. The cerebellum may provide a target for neuromodulation as a therapeutic intervention in cervical dystonia. Objective: This study aimed to assess effects of intermittent theta-burst stimulation of the cerebellum on dystonia symptoms, quality of life, hand motor dexterity and cortical neurophysiology using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Methods: Sixteen participants with cervical dystonia were randomised into real or sham stimulation groups. Cerebellar neuromodulation was combined with motor training for the neck and an implicit learning task. The intervention was delivered over 10 working days. Outcome measures included dystonia severity and pain, quality of life, hand dexterity, and motor-evoked potentials and cortical silent periods recorded from upper trapezius muscles. Assessments were taken at baseline and after 5 and 10 days, with quality of life also measured 4 and 12 weeks later. Results: Intermittent theta-burst stimulation improved dystonia severity (Day 5, −5.44 points; p = 0.012; Day 10, −4.6 points; p = 0.025), however, effect sizes were small. Quality of life also improved (Day 5, −10.6 points, p = 0.012; Day 10, −8.6 points, p = 0.036; Week 4, −12.5 points, p = 0.036; Week 12, −12.4 points, p = 0.025), with medium or large effect sizes. There was a reduction in time to complete the pegboard task pre to post intervention (both p < 0.008). Cortical neurophysiology was unchanged by cerebellar neuromodulation. Conclusion: Intermittent theta-burst stimulation of the cerebellum may improve cervical dystonia symptoms, upper limb motor control and quality of life. The mechanism likely involves promoting neuroplasticity in the cerebellum although the neurophysiology remains to be elucidated. Cerebellar neuromodulation may have potential as a novel treatment intervention for cervical dystonia, although larger confirmatory studies are required.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee SR, Adams PJ, Yue DT. Large Ca²⁺-dependent facilitation of Ca(V)2.1 channels revealed by Ca²⁺ photo-uncaging. J Physiol 2016; 593:2753-78. [PMID: 25809476 DOI: 10.1113/jp270091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS CaV 2.1 channels constitute a dominant Ca(2+) entry pathway into brain neurons, triggering downstream Ca(2+) -dependent processes such as neurotransmitter release. CaV 2.1 is itself modulated by Ca(2+) , resulting in activity-dependent enhancement of channel opening termed Ca(2+) -dependent facilitation (CDF). Real-time Ca(2+) imaging and Ca(2+) uncaging here reveal that CDF turns out to be strikingly faster, more Ca(2+) sensitive, and larger than anticipated on previous grounds. Robust resolution of the quantitative profile of CDF enables deduction of a realistic biophysical model for this process. These results suggest that CaV 2.1 CDF would figure most prominently in short-term synaptic plasticity and cerebellar Purkinje cell rhythmicity. ABSTRACT CaV 2.1 (P-type) voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels constitute a major source of neuronal Ca(2+) current, strongly influencing rhythmicity and triggering neurotransmitter release throughout the central nervous system. Fitting with such stature among Ca(2+) entry pathways, CaV 2.1 is itself feedback regulated by intracellular Ca(2+) , acting through calmodulin to facilitate channel opening. The precise neurophysiological role of this calcium-dependent facilitation (CDF) remains uncertain, however, in large measure because the very magnitude, Ca(2+) dependence and kinetics of CDF have resisted quantification by conventional means. Here, we utilize the photo-uncaging of Ca(2+) with CaV 2.1 channels fluxing Li(+) currents, so that voltage-dependent activation of channel gating is no longer conflated with Ca(2+) entry, and CDF is then driven solely by light-induced increases in Ca(2+) . By using this strategy, we now find that CDF can be unexpectedly large, enhancing currents by as much as twofold at physiological voltages. CDF is steeply Ca(2+) dependent, with a Hill coefficient of approximately two, a half-maximal effect reached by nearly 500 nm Ca(2+) , and Ca(2+) on/off kinetics in the order of milliseconds to tens of milliseconds. These properties were established for both native P-type currents in cerebellar Purkinje neurons, as well as their recombinant channel counterparts under heterologous expression. Such features suggest that CDF of CaV 2.1 channels may substantially enhance the regularity of rhythmic firing in cerebellar Purkinje neurons, where regularity is believed crucial for motor coordination. In addition, this degree of extensive CDF would be poised to exert large order-of-magnitude effects on short-term synaptic plasticity via rapid modulation of presynaptic Ca(2+) entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Rong Lee
- Calcium Signals Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Paul J Adams
- Department of Biology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada, V3W 2M8
| | - David T Yue
- Calcium Signals Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Center for Cell Dynamics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Kaja S, Sumien N, Shah VV, Puthawala I, Maynard AN, Khullar N, Payne AJ, Forster MJ, Koulen P. Loss of Spatial Memory, Learning, and Motor Function During Normal Aging Is Accompanied by Changes in Brain Presenilin 1 and 2 Expression Levels. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:545-54. [PMID: 25204494 PMCID: PMC4362879 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in presenilin (PS) proteins cause familial Alzheimer's disease. We herein tested the hypothesis that the expression levels of PS proteins are differentially affected during healthy aging, in the absence of pathological mutations. We used a preclinical model for aging to identify associations between PS expression and quantitative behavioral parameters for spatial memory and learning and motor function. We identified significant changes of PS protein expression in both cerebellum and forebrain that correlated with the performance in behavioral paradigms for motor function and memory and learning. Overall, PS1 levels were decreased, while PS2 levels were increased in aged mice compared with young controls. Our study presents novel evidence for the differential expression of PS proteins in a nongenetic model for aging, resulting in an overall increase of the PS2 to PS1 ratio. Our findings provide a novel mechanistic basis for molecular and functional changes during normal aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kaja
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Natalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Vidhi V. Shah
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Imran Puthawala
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Alexandra N. Maynard
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Nitasha Khullar
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Andrew J. Payne
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Michael J. Forster
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Peter Koulen
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lamont MG, Weber JT. Mice deficient in carbonic anhydrase type 8 exhibit motor dysfunctions and abnormal calcium dynamics in the somatic region of cerebellar granule cells. Behav Brain Res 2015; 286:11-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
27
|
Shao Y, Yamamoto M, Figeys D, Ning Z, Chan HM. Proteomic Analysis of Cerebellum in Common Marmoset Exposed to Methylmercury. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:43-51. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
28
|
Cao Z, Zou X, Cui Y, Hulsizer S, Lein PJ, Wulff H, Pessah IN. Rapid throughput analysis demonstrates that chemicals with distinct seizurogenic mechanisms differentially alter Ca2+ dynamics in networks formed by hippocampal neurons in culture. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 87:595-605. [PMID: 25583085 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.096701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cultured hippocampal neurons (HN) form functional networks displaying synchronous Ca(2+) oscillations (SCOs) whose patterns influence plasticity. Whether chemicals with distinct seizurogenic mechanisms differentially alter SCO patterns was investigated using mouse HN loaded with the Ca(2+) indicator fluo-4-AM. Intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics were recorded from 96 wells simultaneously in real-time using fluorescent imaging plate reader. Although quiescent at 4 days in vitro (DIV), HN acquired distinctive SCO patterns as they matured to form extensive dendritic networks by 16 DIV. Challenge with kainate, a kainate receptor (KAR) agonist, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a K(+) channel blocker, or pilocarpine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, caused distinct changes in SCO dynamics. Kainate at <1 µM produced a rapid rise in baseline Ca(2+) (Phase I response) associated with high-frequency and low-amplitude SCOs (Phase II response), whereas SCOs were completely repressed with >1 µM kainate. KAR competitive antagonist CNQX [6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione] (1-10 µM) normalized Ca(2+) dynamics to the prekainate pattern. Pilocarpine lacked Phase I activity but caused a sevenfold prolongation of Phase II SCOs without altering either their frequency or amplitude, an effect normalized by atropine (0.3-1 µM). 4-AP (1-30 µM) elicited a delayed Phase I response associated with persistent high-frequency, low-amplitude SCOs, and these disturbances were mitigated by pretreatment with the KCa activator SKA-31 [naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamine]. Consistent with its antiepileptic and neuroprotective activities, nonselective voltage-gated Na(+) and Ca(2+) channel blocker lamotrigine partially resolved kainate- and pilocarpine-induced Ca(2+) dysregulation. This rapid throughput approach can discriminate among distinct seizurogenic mechanisms that alter Ca(2+) dynamics in neuronal networks and may be useful in screening antiepileptic drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
| | - Xiaohan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
| | - Yanjun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
| | - Susan Hulsizer
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
| | - Pamela J Lein
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
| | - Heike Wulff
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Orduz D, Boom A, Gall D, Brion JP, Schiffmann SN, Schwaller B. Subcellular structural plasticity caused by the absence of the fast Ca(2+) buffer calbindin D-28k in recurrent collaterals of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:364. [PMID: 25414639 PMCID: PMC4220698 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purkinje cells (PC) control spike timing of neighboring PC by their recurrent axon collaterals. These synapses underlie fast cerebellar oscillations and are characterized by a strong facilitation within a time window of <20 ms during paired-pulse protocols. PC express high levels of the fast Ca(2+) buffer protein calbindin D-28k (CB). As expected from the absence of a fast Ca(2+) buffer, presynaptic action potential-evoked [Ca(2+)]i transients were previously shown to be bigger in PC boutons of young (second postnatal week) CB-/- mice, yet IPSC mean amplitudes remained unaltered in connected CB-/- PC. Since PC spine morphology is altered in adult CB-/- mice (longer necks, larger spine head volume), we summoned that morphological compensation/adaptation mechanisms might also be induced in CB-/- PC axon collaterals including boutons. In these mice, biocytin-filled PC reconstructions revealed that the number of axonal varicosities per PC axon collateral was augmented, mostly confined to the granule cell layer. Additionally, the volume of individual boutons was increased, evidenced from z-stacks of confocal images. EM analysis of PC-PC synapses revealed an enhancement in active zone (AZ) length by approximately 23%, paralleled by a higher number of docked vesicles per AZ in CB-/- boutons. Moreover, synaptic cleft width was larger in CB-/- (23.8 ± 0.43 nm) compared to wild type (21.17 ± 0.39 nm) synapses. We propose that the morphological changes, i.e., the larger bouton volume, the enhanced AZ length and the higher number of docked vesicles, in combination with the increase in synaptic cleft width likely modifies the GABA release properties at this synapse in CB-/- mice. We view these changes as adaptation/homeostatic mechanisms to likely maintain characteristics of synaptic transmission in the absence of the fast Ca(2+) buffer CB. Our study provides further evidence on the functioning of the Ca(2+) homeostasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Orduz
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, UNI, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Alain Boom
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, UNI, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - David Gall
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, UNI, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, UNI, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Serge N Schiffmann
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, UNI, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Beat Schwaller
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Deluca C, Golzar A, Santandrea E, Lo Gerfo E, Eštočinová J, Moretto G, Fiaschi A, Panzeri M, Mariotti C, Tinazzi M, Chelazzi L. The cerebellum and visual perceptual learning: evidence from a motion extrapolation task. Cortex 2014; 58:52-71. [PMID: 24959702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Visual perceptual learning is widely assumed to reflect plastic changes occurring along the cerebro-cortical visual pathways, including at the earliest stages of processing, though increasing evidence indicates that higher-level brain areas are also involved. Here we addressed the possibility that the cerebellum plays an important role in visual perceptual learning. Within the realm of motor control, the cerebellum supports learning of new skills and recalibration of motor commands when movement execution is consistently perturbed (adaptation). Growing evidence indicates that the cerebellum is also involved in cognition and mediates forms of cognitive learning. Therefore, the obvious question arises whether the cerebellum might play a similar role in learning and adaptation within the perceptual domain. We explored a possible deficit in visual perceptual learning (and adaptation) in patients with cerebellar damage using variants of a novel motion extrapolation, psychophysical paradigm. Compared to their age- and gender-matched controls, patients with focal damage to the posterior (but not the anterior) cerebellum showed strongly diminished learning, in terms of both rate and amount of improvement over time. Consistent with a double-dissociation pattern, patients with focal damage to the anterior cerebellum instead showed more severe clinical motor deficits, indicative of a distinct role of the anterior cerebellum in the motor domain. The collected evidence demonstrates that a pure form of slow-incremental visual perceptual learning is crucially dependent on the intact cerebellum, bearing the notion that the human cerebellum acts as a learning device for motor, cognitive and perceptual functions. We interpret the deficit in terms of an inability to fine-tune predictive models of the incoming flow of visual perceptual input over time. Moreover, our results suggest a strong dissociation between the role of different portions of the cerebellum in motor versus non-motor functions, with only the posterior lobe being responsible for learning in the perceptual domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Deluca
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ashkan Golzar
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elisa Santandrea
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emanuele Lo Gerfo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jana Eštočinová
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Fiaschi
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Panzeri
- Department of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Department of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience, Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Chelazzi
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience, Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
He X, Ishizeki M, Mita N, Wada S, Araki Y, Ogura H, Abe M, Yamazaki M, Sakimura K, Mikoshiba K, Inoue T, Ohshima T. Cdk5/p35 is required for motor coordination and cerebellar plasticity. J Neurochem 2014; 131:53-64. [PMID: 24802945 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated the role of Purkinje cells in motor learning and the underlying mechanisms have also been identified in great detail during the last decades. Here we report that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)/p35 in Purkinje cell also contributes to synaptic plasticity. We previously showed that p35(-/-) (p35 KO) mice exhibited a subtle abnormality in brain structure and impaired spatial learning and memory. Further behavioral analysis showed that p35 KO mice had a motor coordination defect, suggesting that p35, one of the activators of Cdk5, together with Cdk5 may play an important role in cerebellar motor learning. Therefore, we created Purkinje cell-specific conditional Cdk5/p35 knockout (L7-p35 cKO) mice, analyzed the cerebellar histology and Purkinje cell morphology of these mice, evaluated their performance with balance beam and rota-rod test, and performed electrophysiological recordings to assess long-term synaptic plasticity. Our analyses showed that Purkinje cell-specific deletion of Cdk5/p35 resulted in no changes in Purkinje cell morphology but severely impaired motor coordination. Furthermore, disrupted cerebellar long-term synaptic plasticity was observed at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse in L7-p35 cKO mice. These results indicate that Cdk5/p35 is required for motor learning and involved in long-term synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan He
- Laboratory for Molecular Brain Science, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang L, Chung SK, Chow BKC. The knockout of secretin in cerebellar Purkinje cells impairs mouse motor coordination and motor learning. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:1460-8. [PMID: 24356714 PMCID: PMC3988549 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Secretin (SCT) was first considered to be a gut hormone regulating gastrointestinal functions when discovered. Recently, however, central actions of SCT have drawn intense research interest and are supported by the broad distribution of SCT in specific neuronal populations and by in vivo physiological studies regarding its role in water homeostasis and food intake. The direct action of SCT on a central neuron was first discovered in cerebellar Purkinje cells in which SCT from cerebellar Purkinje cells was found to potentiate GABAergic inhibitory transmission from presynaptic basket cells. Because Purkinje neurons have a major role in motor coordination and learning functions, we hypothesize a behavioral modulatory function for SCT. In this study, we successfully generated a mouse model in which the SCT gene was deleted specifically in Purkinje cells. This mouse line was tested together with SCT knockout and SCT receptor knockout mice in a full battery of behavioral tasks. We found that the knockout of SCT in Purkinje neurons did not affect general motor ability or the anxiety level in open field tests. However, knockout mice did exhibit impairments in neuromuscular strength, motor coordination, and motor learning abilities, as shown by wire hanging, vertical climbing, and rotarod tests. In addition, SCT knockout in Purkinje cells possibly led to the delayed development of motor neurons, as supported by the later occurrence of key neural reflexes. In summary, our data suggest a role in motor coordination and motor learning for SCT expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Department of Anatomy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Flace P, Lorusso L, Laiso G, Rizzi A, Cagiano R, Nico B, Ribatti D, Ambrosi G, Benagiano V. Calbindin-D28K immunoreactivity in the human cerebellar cortex. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:1306-15. [PMID: 24719368 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Calbindin-D28k (CB) is a calcium-binding protein largely distributed in the cerebellum of various species of vertebrates. As regards the human cerebellar cortex, precise data on the distribution of CB have not yet been reported. Aim of the present work was to analyze the distribution of CB in postmortem samples of human cerebellar cortex using light microscopy immunohistochemical techniques. Immunoreactivity to CB was detected within neuronal bodies and processes distributed in all cortex layers. In the molecular layer, the immunoreactivity was observed in subpopulations of stellate and basket neurons. In the Purkinje neuron layer, the immunoreactivity was observed in practically all the Purkinje neurons. In the granular layer, the immunoreactivity was observed in subpopulations of granules, of Golgi neurons, and also of other types of large neurons (candelabrum, Lugaro neurons, etc.). Immunoreactivity to CB was also observed in axon terminals distributed throughout the cortex according to layer-specific patterns of distribution. The qualitative and quantitative patterns of distribution of CB showed no difference among the different lobes of the cerebellar cortex. This study reports that CB is expressed by different neuron types, both inhibitory (GABAergic) and excitatory (glutamatergic), involved in both intrinsic and extrinsic circuits of the human cerebellar cortex. The study provides further insights on the functional role of CB and on the neuronal types of the cerebellar cortex in which it is expressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Flace
- Dip. Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze e Organi di Senso, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang L, Chow BKC. The central mechanisms of secretin in regulating multiple behaviors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:77. [PMID: 24904528 PMCID: PMC4033102 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretin (SCT) was firstly discovered as a gut peptide hormone in stimulating pancreatic secretion, while its novel neuropeptide role has drawn substantial research interests in recent years. SCT and its receptor (SCTR) are widely expressed in different brain regions, where they exert multiple cellular functions including neurotransmission, gene expression regulation, neurogenesis, and neural protection. As all these neural functions ultimately can affect behaviors, it is hypothesized that SCT controls multiple behavioral paradigms. Current findings support this hypothesis as SCT-SCTR axis participates in modulating social interaction, spatial learning, water and food intake, motor coordination, and motor learning behaviors. This mini-review focuses on various aspects of SCT and SCTR in hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum including distribution profiles, cellular functions, and behavioral phenotypes to elucidate the link between cellular mechanisms and behavioral control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Billy K. C. Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Billy K. C. Chow, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Kardoorie Biological Science Building, Pokfulam Road 4N-12, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kaja S, Sumien N, Borden PK, Khullar N, Iqbal M, Collins JL, Forster MJ, Koulen P. Homer-1a immediate early gene expression correlates with better cognitive performance in aging. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1799-1808. [PMID: 23054826 PMCID: PMC3776093 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive decline during healthy aging remain largely unknown. Utilizing aged wild-type C57BL/6 mice as a model for normal aging, we tested the hypothesis that cognitive performance, memory, and learning as assessed in established behavioral testing paradigms are correlated with the differential expression of isoforms of the Homer family of synaptic scaffolding proteins. Here we describe a loss of cognitive and motor function that occurs when Homer-1a/Vesl-1S protein levels drop during aging. Our data describe a novel mechanism of age-related synaptic changes contributing to loss of biological function, spatial learning, and memory formation as well as motor coordination, with the dominant negative uncoupler of synaptic protein clustering, Homer-1a/Vesl-1S, as a potential target for the prophylaxis and treatment of age-related cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kaja
- />Department Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri—Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- />Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Institute for Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
| | - Priscilla K. Borden
- />Department Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri—Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Nitasha Khullar
- />Department Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri—Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Maaz Iqbal
- />Department Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri—Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Julie L. Collins
- />Department Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri—Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Michael J. Forster
- />Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Institute for Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
| | - Peter Koulen
- />Department Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri—Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
- />Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri—Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vyas P, Kalidindi S, Chibrikova L, Igamberdiev AU, Weber JT. Chemical analysis and effect of blueberry and lingonberry fruits and leaves against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:7769-76. [PMID: 23875756 DOI: 10.1021/jf401158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are a large class of phytochemicals that are widespread in the plant kingdom and known to have antioxidant capacities. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant capacities as well as the content of total soluble phenolics, anthocyanins, tannins, and flavonoids in the fruits and leaves of blueberries and lingonberries growing in Newfoundland. This study also determined the potential neuroprotective effect of extracts from fruits and leaves against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, which is believed to contribute to disorders such as stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Lingonberry and blueberry plants were found to be rich sources of phenolic compounds. Total antioxidant capacities in terms of radical scavenging activity and reducing power were much higher in leaves of both plants as compared to their fruits. These results were in correlation with phenolic contents including total flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins. Brain-derived cell cultures from rats were prepared and grown for about 2 weeks. Cell cultures were treated with glutamate (100 μM) for 24 h, and the effect of extracts was determined on cells subjected to this excitotoxicity. Glutamate treatment caused approximately 23% cell loss when measured after 24 h of exposure. Whereas lingonberry fruit extract did not provide protection from glutamate toxicity, blueberry fruit extracts were extremely protective. Leaf extracts of both lingonberry and blueberry showed a significant neuroprotective effect. The greater protective effect of leaf extracts was in correlation with the levels of phenolics and antioxidant capacity. These findings suggest that berries or their components may contribute to protecting the brain from various pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poorva Vyas
- Department of Biology and ‡School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3V6
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Martin S, Zekri L, Metz A, Maurice T, Chebli K, Vignes M, Tazi J. Deficiency of G3BP1, the stress granules assembly factor, results in abnormal synaptic plasticity and calcium homeostasis in neurons. J Neurochem 2013; 125:175-84. [PMID: 23373770 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ras-GAP SH3-domain-binding protein, G3BP, is an important component in the assembly of stress granules (SGs), which are cytoplasmic aggregates assembled following translational stress. To assess the physiological function of G3BP, we generated viable G3bp1-knockout (KO) mice, which demonstrated behavioral defects linked to the CNS-associated with ataxia phenotype. Immunohistochemistry pinpointed high expression of G3BP in the cytoplasm of hippocampal neurons and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum of wild-type mice. Also, electrophysiological measurements revealed that the absence of G3BP1 leads to an enhancement of short-term potentiation (STP) and long-term depression in the CA1 area of G3bp1 KO mice compared with wild-type mice. Consistently, G3BP1 deficiency in neurons leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and calcium release in response to (S)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine, a selective agonist of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. These results show, for the first time, a requirement for G3BP1 in the control of neuronal plasticity and calcium homeostasis and further establish a direct link between SG formation and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Martin
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Latifa Zekri
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Alexandra Metz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- INSERM U 710, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Karim Chebli
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Michel Vignes
- Institut des biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247, IBMM, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Jamal Tazi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Effects of intermittent binge alcohol exposure on long-term motor function in young rats. Alcohol 2013; 47:95-102. [PMID: 23419393 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol has well described acute effects on motor function, and chronic alcoholism can damage the cerebellum, which is associated with motor coordination, as well as motor learning. Binge drinking is common among preadolescents and adolescents, and this type of ethanol exposure may lead to long-term nervous system damage. In the current study, we analyzed the effects of periadolsecent/adolescent ethanol exposure on motor function in both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. To simulate binge drinking, animals received an intraperitoneal injection of 25% (v/v) ethanol (3 g/kg) on postnatal days (PND) 25, 26, 29, 30, 33, 34, 37 and 38. On PND 42 and PND 61 animals were tested on their ability to traverse both square and round beams. There were no significant differences in the time to traverse the beams, or the amount of foot slips, between treated and untreated animals. On PND 48 and PND 62, animals were tested using a horizontal ladder walking apparatus. On PND 48 there were no differences in the ability of treated and untreated animals to traverse the ladder. On PND 62, there were no differences in the time to traverse the ladder, but ethanol treated animals had more foot slips than controls. On PND 43, we conducted footprint analysis of control and treated animals, which included measurements of stride length, paw overlap, and angle of foot placement. There was a significant difference in the angle of foot placement between treated and control animals, and this finding was significant for both male and female animals. There was also a significant overall difference in paw overlap between treatment groups. Although this effect was manifested in male animals there was no significant difference in females. These findings suggest that adolescent ethanol exposure can produce long-lasting effects on motor coordination, and that overall, effects are similar in males and females. In a second set of experiments, male rats received i.p. ethanol (3 g/kg) for 7 days (P31-37) or 4 days (P31,33,35,37). No significant differences were detected by footprint analysis when compared to control animals. However, ethanol treated animals had significantly less cerebellar Purkinje cells at 3 weeks after the last ethanol exposure. Altered motor function suggests a possible neurodegenerative effect in the cerebellum initiated by adolescent ethanol exposure, and may depend on the extent of exposure during the preadolescent and/or adolescent brain periods.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim SR, Daily JW, Lee YE. Ferulic acid: a novel inhibitor of presynaptic glutamate release. J Med Food 2013; 16:95. [PMID: 23402635 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.1602.com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Weber JT. Altered calcium signaling following traumatic brain injury. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:60. [PMID: 22518104 PMCID: PMC3324969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death and dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a primary phase, related to direct mechanical disruption of the brain, and a secondary phase which consists of delayed events initiated at the time of the physical insult. Arguably, the calcium ion contributes greatly to the delayed cell damage and death after TBI. A large, sustained influx of calcium into cells can initiate cell death signaling cascades, through activation of several degradative enzymes, such as proteases and endonucleases. However, a sustained level of intracellular free calcium is not necessarily lethal, but the specific route of calcium entry may couple calcium directly to cell death pathways. Other sources of calcium, such as intracellular calcium stores, can also contribute to cell damage. In addition, calcium-mediated signal transduction pathways in neurons may be perturbed following injury. These latter types of alterations may contribute to abnormal physiology in neurons that do not necessarily die after a traumatic episode. This review provides an overview of experimental evidence that has led to our current understanding of the role of calcium signaling in death and dysfunction following TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John T. Weber
- School of Pharmacy and Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt. John’s, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|