1
|
Brinkmann P, Devos JVP, van der Eerden JHM, Smit JV, Janssen MLF, Kotz SA, Schwartze M. Parallel EEG assessment of different sound predictability levels in tinnitus. Hear Res 2024; 450:109073. [PMID: 38996530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Tinnitus denotes the perception of a non-environmental sound and might result from aberrant auditory prediction. Successful prediction of formal (e.g., type) and temporal sound characteristics facilitates the filtering of irrelevant information, also labelled as 'sensory gating' (SG). Here, we explored if and how parallel manipulations of formal prediction violations and temporal predictability affect SG in persons with and without tinnitus. Age-, education- and sex-matched persons with and without tinnitus (N = 52) participated and listened to paired-tone oddball sequences, varying in formal (standard vs. deviant pitch) and temporal predictability (isochronous vs. random timing). EEG was recorded from 128 channels and data were analyzed by means of temporal spatial principal component analysis (tsPCA). SG was assessed by amplitude suppression for the 2nd tone in a pair and was observed in P50-like activity in both timing conditions and groups. Correspondingly, deviants elicited overall larger amplitudes than standards. However, only persons without tinnitus displayed a larger N100-like deviance response in the isochronous compared to the random timing condition. This result might imply that persons with tinnitus do not benefit similarly as persons without tinnitus from temporal predictability in deviance processing. Thus, persons with tinnitus might display less temporal sensitivity in auditory processing than persons without tinnitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Brinkmann
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Jana V P Devos
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands; Department of Ear Nose Throat Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 HX, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle H M van der Eerden
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper V Smit
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat/Head and Neck Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus L F Janssen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 HX, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Schwartze
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sendesen E, Colak H. Neural markers associated with improved tinnitus perception after tinnitus retraining therapy. Int J Audiol 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39037049 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2024.2378800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) has been widely used in tinnitus management. However, its efficacy is often assessed through subjective methods. Here, we aimed to assess potential neural changes following TRT using mismatch negativity (MMN). DESIGN Chronic tinnitus (>6 months) patients participated in a six-month TRT program. We collected tinnitus psychoacoustic features and gathered the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) before and after TRT. We also used a multi-featured paradigm, including frequency, intensity, duration, location and silent gap deviants, to elicit MMN response before and after TRT. Data were analyzed retrospectively. STUDY SAMPLE The study involved 26 chronic tinnitus patients. RESULTS Post-TRT measurements showed that MMN amplitudes significantly increased for all deviant conditions (p ≤ .03). However, we did not find a significant difference in MMN latencies for all deviant conditions (p ≥ .13). The THI scores of the patients significantly decreased following the TRT program (p < 0.001). Our results reveal improved subjective tinnitus perception following the TRT program. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that TRT might be a viable alternative in tinnitus management. The greater MMN amplitudes and improved subjective tinnitus perception raise the possibility that MMN can be a useful tool in tinnitus research and tinnitus patient follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eser Sendesen
- Department of Audiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Colak
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Varangot-Reille C, Pezzulo G, Thacker M. The fear-avoidance model as an embodied prediction of threat. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024:10.3758/s13415-024-01199-4. [PMID: 38890209 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The fear-avoidance model is a well-established framework in the understanding of persistent pain. It proposes a dichotomous path: either the context is interpreted as safe; there is no fear reaction and, therefore, the individual engages in active (positive) coping; or the context is interpreted as threatening, leading to a self-reinforcing vicious circle of fear and (negative) avoidance. We propose an embodied interpretation of this phenomenon employing the joint framework of predictive coding and active inference. The key idea is that multisensory integration of exteroceptive, proprioceptive, and interoceptive sensory inputs can lead to dysfunctional experiences of threat in nonthreatening situations. Threat inference can promote fear responses, maladaptive strategies (i.e., avoidance) and self-provides evidence for threat in associated or future contexts, or both. Under this treatment, the prediction of nonrealized threat becomes self-evidencing and context-invariant, and hence self-perpetuating. Safety cues are unable to attenuate the interpretation of the negative context as the dominant inference of the context is threatful and gains more precision and becomes resistant over time. Our model provides an explanation for the emergence of a dysfunctional fear response in the clinical setting despite apparent safety based on modern concepts from theoretical (computational) neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Varangot-Reille
- MSc Statistics and Computer Science for Data Science, University Lumière Lyon 2, Bron, France.
| | - Giovanni Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Mick Thacker
- Department of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yasoda-Mohan A, Chen F, Ó Sé C, Allard R, Ost J, Vanneste S. Phantom perception as a Bayesian inference problem: a pilot study. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:1311-1327. [PMID: 38718414 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00349.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is the perception of a continuous sound in the absence of an external source. Although the role of the auditory system is well investigated, there is a gap in how multisensory signals are integrated to produce a single percept in tinnitus. Here, we train participants to learn a new sensory environment by associating a cue with a target signal that varies in perceptual threshold. In the test phase, we present only the cue to see whether the person perceives an illusion of the target signal. We perform two separate experiments to observe the behavioral and electrophysiological responses to the learning and test phases in 1) healthy young adults and 2) people with continuous subjective tinnitus and matched control subjects. We observed that in both parts of the study the percentage of false alarms was negatively correlated with the 75% detection threshold. Additionally, the perception of an illusion goes together with increased evoked response potential in frontal regions of the brain. Furthermore, in patients with tinnitus, we observe no significant difference in behavioral or evoked response in the auditory paradigm, whereas patients with tinnitus were more likely to report false alarms along with increased evoked activity during the learning and test phases in the visual paradigm. This emphasizes the importance of integrity of sensory pathways in multisensory integration and how this process may be disrupted in people with tinnitus. Furthermore, the present study also presents preliminary data supporting evidence that tinnitus patients may be building stronger perceptual models, which needs future studies with a larger population to provide concrete evidence on.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tinnitus is the continuous phantom perception of a ringing in the ears. Recently, it has been suggested that tinnitus may be a maladaptive inference of the brain to auditory anomalies, whether they are detected or undetected by an audiogram. The present study presents empirical evidence for this hypothesis by inducing an illusion in a sensory domain that is damaged (auditory) and one that is intact (visual). It also presents novel information about how people with tinnitus process multisensory stimuli in the audio-visual domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Yasoda-Mohan
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Lab for Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Feifan Chen
- Lab for Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colum Ó Sé
- Lab for Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Remy Allard
- School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jan Ost
- Brain Research Center for Advanced, International, Innovative and Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Lab for Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Brain Research Center for Advanced, International, Innovative and Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yasoda-Mohan A, Faubert J, Ost J, Kropotov JD, Vanneste S. Investigating sensitivity to multi-domain prediction errors in chronic auditory phantom perception. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11036. [PMID: 38744906 PMCID: PMC11094085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The perception of a continuous phantom in a sensory domain in the absence of an external stimulus is explained as a maladaptive compensation of aberrant predictive coding, a proposed unified theory of brain functioning. If this were true, these changes would occur not only in the domain of the phantom percept but in other sensory domains as well. We confirm this hypothesis by using tinnitus (continuous phantom sound) as a model and probe the predictive coding mechanism using the established local-global oddball paradigm in both the auditory and visual domains. We observe that tinnitus patients are sensitive to changes in predictive coding not only in the auditory but also in the visual domain. We report changes in well-established components of event-related EEG such as the mismatch negativity. Furthermore, deviations in stimulus characteristics were correlated with the subjective tinnitus distress. These results provide an empirical confirmation that aberrant perceptions are a symptom of a higher-order systemic disorder transcending the domain of the percept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Yasoda-Mohan
- Lab for Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jocelyn Faubert
- Faubert Lab, School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jan Ost
- Brain Research Center for Advanced International Innovative and Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juri D Kropotov
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Lab for Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Brain Research Center for Advanced International Innovative and Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yasoda-Mohan A, Vanneste S. Development, Insults and Predisposing Factors of the Brain's Predictive Coding System to Chronic Perceptual Disorders-A Life-Course Examination. Brain Sci 2024; 14:86. [PMID: 38248301 PMCID: PMC10813926 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The predictive coding theory is currently widely accepted as the theoretical basis of perception and chronic perceptual disorders are explained as the maladaptive compensation of the brain to a prediction error. Although this gives us a general framework to work with, it is still not clear who may be more susceptible and/or vulnerable to aberrations in this system. In this paper, we study changes in predictive coding through the lens of tinnitus and pain. We take a step back to understand how the predictive coding system develops from infancy, what are the different neural and bio markers that characterise this system in the acute, transition and chronic phases and what may be the factors that pose a risk to the aberration of this system. Through this paper, we aim to identify people who may be at a higher risk of developing chronic perceptual disorders as a reflection of aberrant predictive coding, thereby giving future studies more facets to incorporate in their investigation of early markers of tinnitus, pain and other disorders of predictive coding. We therefore view this paper to encourage the thinking behind the development of preclinical biomarkers to maladaptive predictive coding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Yasoda-Mohan
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R123 Dublin, Ireland;
- Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R123 Dublin, Ireland
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R123 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R123 Dublin, Ireland;
- Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R123 Dublin, Ireland
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R123 Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reisinger L, Demarchi G, Weisz N. Eavesdropping on Tinnitus Using MEG: Lessons Learned and Future Perspectives. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2023; 24:531-547. [PMID: 38015287 PMCID: PMC10752863 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus has been widely investigated in order to draw conclusions about the underlying causes and altered neural activity in various brain regions. Existing studies have based their work on different tinnitus frameworks, ranging from a more local perspective on the auditory cortex to the inclusion of broader networks and various approaches towards tinnitus perception and distress. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) provides a powerful tool for efficiently investigating tinnitus and aberrant neural activity both spatially and temporally. However, results are inconclusive, and studies are rarely mapped to theoretical frameworks. The purpose of this review was to firstly introduce MEG to interested researchers and secondly provide a synopsis of the current state. We divided recent tinnitus research in MEG into study designs using resting state measurements and studies implementing tone stimulation paradigms. The studies were categorized based on their theoretical foundation, and we outlined shortcomings as well as inconsistencies within the different approaches. Finally, we provided future perspectives on how to benefit more efficiently from the enormous potential of MEG. We suggested novel approaches from a theoretical, conceptual, and methodological point of view to allow future research to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of tinnitus and its underlying processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Reisinger
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Gianpaolo Demarchi
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nathan Weisz
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boecking B, Brueggemann P, Rose M, Mazurek B. [Chronic tinnitus: An interplay between somatic and psychological factors]. HNO 2023; 71:719-730. [PMID: 37702794 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-023-01370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic tinnitus is a common, sometimes highly distressing phenomenon that can be triggered and maintained by an interplay of physical and psychological factors. Partnering with clinical psychology and psychosomatic medicine, modern otolaryngology integrates both medical (e.g., hearing loss) and psychological influences (e.g., interactions between biographical experiences, personality traits, subjective evaluation of intrapsychic and interpersonal stimuli, emotional states, and intrapsychic or interpersonal emotion regulation strategies). Both groups of variables can influence the intensity and course of chronic tinnitus symptomatology both directly and indirectly, whereby the quality and relative degrees of psychological and physical components in a person's self-experience can fluctuate. With this in mind, the present article distinguishes between chronic tinnitus symptomatology with or without hearing loss-and strongly advocates for an integrated understanding of the symptomatology within a holistic psychological frame of reference. After a brief introduction to the principles of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy, the article discusses psychological case conceptualization using a vulnerability-stress-coping (VSC) model as an example, outlines clinical aspects and diagnostics of chronic tinnitus symptomatology, and concludes with a conceptualization of chronic tinnitus-related distress as a function of person-centered VSC interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Boecking
- Tinnituszentrum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstraße 13, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Petra Brueggemann
- Tinnituszentrum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstraße 13, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Rose
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Birgit Mazurek
- Tinnituszentrum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstraße 13, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Park KW, Kullar P, Malhotra C, Stankovic KM. Current and Emerging Therapies for Chronic Subjective Tinnitus. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6555. [PMID: 37892692 PMCID: PMC10607630 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Chronic subjective tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external source for longer than six months, may be a greatly debilitating condition for some people, and is associated with psychiatric comorbidities and high healthcare costs. Current treatments are not beneficial for all patients and there is a large need for new therapies for tinnitus. OBSERVATIONS Unlike rarer cases of objective tinnitus, chronic subjective tinnitus often has no obvious etiology and a diverse pathophysiology. In the absence of objective testing, diagnosis is heavily based on clinical assessment. Management strategies include hearing aids, sound masking, tinnitus retraining therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and emerging therapies including transcranial magnetic stimulation and electrical stimulation. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although current treatments are limited, emerging diagnostics and treatments provide promising avenues for the management of tinnitus symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wan Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 801 Welch Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peter Kullar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 801 Welch Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charvi Malhotra
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 801 Welch Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Konstantina M. Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 801 Welch Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grundfast KM, Jamil TL. Evaluation and Management of Tinnitus: Are There Opportunities for Improvement? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:45-58. [PMID: 35349391 DOI: 10.1177/01945998221088286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review current information about diagnosis and management of tinnitus aiming to identify opportunities for achieving a cost-effective, efficient, evidence-based approach that meets the needs of tinnitus sufferers. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE. REVIEW METHODS In total, 249 relevant published reports were reviewed. Pertinent keywords and MeSH terms identified reports via PubMed and EMBASE. Acknowledged experts were consulted on ways to improve tinnitus management. CONCLUSIONS There may be opportunities to improve evaluation and management of patients with tinnitus using modern modes of communication and a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Tinnitus can adversely affect quality of life while being time-consuming and costly to evaluate and manage. Based on both personal experience and the reports of others, patients with tinnitus who choose to see a physician primarily want to know two things: (1) that the tinnitus that is so distressing will not remain at the same level of severity forever and (2) that something can be done to help cope with the tinnitus that is so annoying. Recent advancements in internet communications, social media, information technology, artificial intelligence, machine learning, holistic medical care, mind-body integrative health care, and multidisciplinary approaches in medical therapeutics may be possibly making new ways of meeting the needs of patients with tinnitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Grundfast
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Otology Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor L Jamil
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Evidence for predictions established by phantom sound. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119766. [PMID: 36435344 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictions, the bridge between the internal and external worlds, are established by prior experience and updated by sensory stimuli. Responses to omitted but unexpected stimuli, known as omission responses, can break the one-to-one mapping of stimulus-response and can expose predictions established by the preceding stimulus built up. While research into exogenous predictions (driven by external stimuli) is often reported, that into endogenous predictions (driven by internal percepts) is rarely available in the literature. Here, we report evidence for endogenous predictions established by the Zwicker tone illusion, a phantom pure-tone-like auditory percept following notch noises. We found that MMN, P300, and theta oscillations could be recorded using an omission paradigm in subjects who can perceive Zwicker tone illusions, but could not in those who cannot. The MMN and P300 responses relied on attention, but theta oscillations did not. In-depth analysis shows that an increase in single-trial theta power, including total and induced theta, with the endogenous prediction, is lateralized to the left frontal brain areas. Our study depicts that the brain automatically analyzes internal perception, progressively establishes predictions and yields prediction errors in the left frontal region when a violation occurs.
Collapse
|
12
|
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Extended High-Frequency Hearing Thresholds in Tinnitus With a Normal Audiogram. Ear Hear 2022; 43:1643-1652. [PMID: 35612517 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current evidence supports the growing application of extended high-frequency (EHF: 9 to 20 kHz) audiometry in hearing research, which likely results from the high vulnerability of this frequency region to damage induced by known auditory risk factors. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate whether adults with a normal audiogram and tinnitus show increased EHF hearing thresholds relative to control peers. DESIGN A comprehensive search was undertaken on electronic databases consisting of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, and Google Scholar using combined keywords: "tinnitus," "extended high frequency," "normal audiogram," and "hidden hearing loss." RESULTS From 261 articles found by searching databases, nine studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. A significant difference was observed between tinnitus and control groups in the effect size analysis of hearing thresholds at 10, 12.5, 14, 16, and 18 kHz ( p ≤ 0.001), and the I-square heterogeneity analysis was below 50% in all studies ( p ≥ 0.131). Visual inspection by the Funnel plot and Egger's regression test ( p ≥ 0.211) also exhibited no publication bias in the meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are in support of the idea that in most cases, tinnitus is associated with some degree of cochlear mechanical dysfunction, which may not be detected by conventional audiometry alone. This finding underscores the significance of EHF audiometry in clinical practice, which may help both early identification of individuals susceptible to developing tinnitus and reduce the number of new cases through preventive counseling programs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Schilling A, Gerum R, Metzner C, Maier A, Krauss P. Intrinsic Noise Improves Speech Recognition in a Computational Model of the Auditory Pathway. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:908330. [PMID: 35757533 PMCID: PMC9215117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.908330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise is generally considered to harm information processing performance. However, in the context of stochastic resonance, noise has been shown to improve signal detection of weak sub- threshold signals, and it has been proposed that the brain might actively exploit this phenomenon. Especially within the auditory system, recent studies suggest that intrinsic noise plays a key role in signal processing and might even correspond to increased spontaneous neuronal firing rates observed in early processing stages of the auditory brain stem and cortex after hearing loss. Here we present a computational model of the auditory pathway based on a deep neural network, trained on speech recognition. We simulate different levels of hearing loss and investigate the effect of intrinsic noise. Remarkably, speech recognition after hearing loss actually improves with additional intrinsic noise. This surprising result indicates that intrinsic noise might not only play a crucial role in human auditory processing, but might even be beneficial for contemporary machine learning approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schilling
- Laboratory of Sensory and Cognitive Neuroscience, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard Gerum
- Department of Physics and Center for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claus Metzner
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Linguistics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Shen YC, Galvin JJ, Liu JS, Tao DD. Effect of Ipsilateral, Contralateral or Bilateral Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients with Lateralized Tinnitus: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060733. [PMID: 35741618 PMCID: PMC9220993 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative benefit of ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for tinnitus treatment remains unclear, especially for patients with lateralized tinnitus. In this study, we compared outcomes after 10 sessions of 1-Hz rTMS at 110% of resting motor threshold over a two-week period. In total, 104 right-handed patients with lateralized subjective tinnitus were randomly divided into four groups according to rTMS treatment: Left (n = 29), Right (n = 23), Bilateral (n = 30), and Sham stimulation (n = 22). Outcomes included estimates of tinnitus severity, psychological state, and psychoacoustic measures. Patients with left- or right-sided tinnitus were similarly distributed across treatment groups. There were no significant changes in outcome measures for the Right or Sham treatment groups. For the Left and Bilateral groups, tinnitus severity was significantly lower after treatment (p < 0.05). The reduction in tinnitus severity was largest for ipsilateral treatment in the Left group. The overall response rate was 56.1% for the Left group, 46.7% for the Bilateral group, 8.3% for the Right group, and 8.3% for the Sham group. For the Left and Bilateral groups, the response rate was larger for patients with left- than right-sided tinnitus. Changes in tinnitus severity were best predicted by changes in anxiety, depression, and the loudness of the tinnitus. The results suggests that rTMS on the left temporoparietal cortex is more effective for patients with left-sided than with right-sided tinnitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China;
| | - Yong-Cong Shen
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, The First Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China;
| | - John J. Galvin
- House Institute Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90057, USA;
- University Hospital Center of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Ji-Sheng Liu
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, The First Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China;
- Correspondence: (J.-S.L.); (D.-D.T.)
| | - Duo-Duo Tao
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
- Correspondence: (J.-S.L.); (D.-D.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mohan A, Luckey A, Weisz N, Vanneste S. Predisposition to domain-wide maladaptive changes in predictive coding in auditory phantom perception. Neuroimage 2021; 248:118813. [PMID: 34923130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is hypothesised to be a predictive coding problem. Previous research indicates lower sensitivity to prediction errors (PEs) in tinnitus patients while processing auditory deviants corresponding to tinnitus-specific stimuli. However, based on research with patients with hallucinations and no psychosis we hypothesise tinnitus patients may be more sensitive to PEs produced by auditory stimuli that are not related to tinnitus characteristics. Specifically in patients with minimal to no hearing loss, we hypothesise a more top-down subtype of tinnitus that may be driven by maladaptive changes in an auditory predictive coding network. To test this, we use an auditory oddball paradigm with omission of global and local deviants, a measure that is previously shown to empirically characterise hierarchical prediction errors (PEs). We observe: (1) increased predictions characterised by increased pre-stimulus response and increased alpha connectivity between the parahippocampus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and parahippocampus, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex; (2) increased PEs characterised by increased P300 amplitude and gamma activity and increased theta connectivity between auditory cortices, parahippocampus and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in the tinnitus group; (3) increased overall feed-forward connectivity in theta from the auditory cortex and parahippocampus to the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; (4) correlations of pre-stimulus theta activity to tinnitus loudness and alpha activity to tinnitus distress. These results provide empirical evidence of maladaptive changes in a hierarchical predictive coding network in a subgroup of tinnitus patients with minimal to no hearing loss. The changes in pre-stimulus activity and connectivity to non-tinnitus specific stimuli suggest that tinnitus patients not only produce strong predictions about upcoming stimuli but also may be predisposed to stimulus a-specific PEs in the auditory domain. Correlations with tinnitus-related characteristics may be a biomarker for maladaptive changes in auditory predictive coding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Mohan
- Global Brain Health Institute & Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison Luckey
- Global Brain Health Institute & Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathan Weisz
- Salzburg Brain Dynamics Lab, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Global Brain Health Institute & Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green 2, Dublin, Ireland; Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Knipper M, Mazurek B, van Dijk P, Schulze H. Too Blind to See the Elephant? Why Neuroscientists Ought to Be Interested in Tinnitus. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2021; 22:609-621. [PMID: 34686939 PMCID: PMC8599745 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-021-00815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A curative therapy for tinnitus currently does not exist. One may actually exist but cannot currently be causally linked to tinnitus due to the lack of consistency of concepts about the neural correlate of tinnitus. Depending on predictions, these concepts would require either a suppression or enhancement of brain activity or an increase in inhibition or disinhibition. Although procedures with a potential to silence tinnitus may exist, the lack of rationale for their curative success hampers an optimization of therapeutic protocols. We discuss here six candidate contributors to tinnitus that have been suggested by a variety of scientific experts in the field and that were addressed in a virtual panel discussion at the ARO round table in February 2021. In this discussion, several potential tinnitus contributors were considered: (i) inhibitory circuits, (ii) attention, (iii) stress, (iv) unidentified sub-entities, (v) maladaptive information transmission, and (vi) minor cochlear deafferentation. Finally, (vii) some potential therapeutic approaches were discussed. The results of this discussion is reflected here in view of potential blind spots that may still remain and that have been ignored in most tinnitus literature. We strongly suggest to consider the high impact of connecting the controversial findings to unravel the whole complexity of the tinnitus phenomenon; an essential prerequisite for establishing suitable therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Knipper
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre (THRC), Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Birgit Mazurek
- Tinnitus Center Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pim van Dijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Schulze
- Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu S, Hall DA, Zubler F, Sznitman R, Anschuetz L, Caversaccio M, Wimmer W. Bayesian brain in tinnitus: Computational modeling of three perceptual phenomena using a modified Hierarchical Gaussian Filter. Hear Res 2021; 410:108338. [PMID: 34469780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Bayesian brain-based models emerged as a possible composite of existing theories, providing an universal explanation of tinnitus phenomena. Yet, the involvement of multiple synergistic mechanisms complicates the identification of behavioral and physiological evidence. To overcome this, an empirically tested computational model could support the evaluation of theoretical hypotheses by intrinsically encompassing different mechanisms. The aim of this work was to develop a generative computational tinnitus perception model based on the Bayesian brain concept. The behavioral responses of 46 tinnitus subjects who underwent ten consecutive residual inhibition assessments were used for model fitting. Our model was able to replicate the behavioral responses during residual inhibition in our cohort (median linear correlation coefficient of 0.79). Using the same model, we simulated two additional tinnitus phenomena: residual excitation and occurrence of tinnitus in non-tinnitus subjects after sensory deprivation. In the simulations, the trajectories of the model were consistent with previously obtained behavioral and physiological observations. Our work introduces generative computational modeling to the research field of tinnitus. It has the potential to quantitatively link experimental observations to theoretical hypotheses and to support the search for neural signatures of tinnitus by finding correlates between the latent variables of the model and measured physiological data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyi Hu
- Department for Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland; Hearing Research Laboratory, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah A Hall
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Frédéric Zubler
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Sznitman
- Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Anschuetz
- Department for Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Caversaccio
- Department for Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland; Hearing Research Laboratory, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Wimmer
- Department for Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland; Hearing Research Laboratory, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brinkmann P, Kotz SA, Smit JV, Janssen MLF, Schwartze M. Auditory thalamus dysfunction and pathophysiology in tinnitus: a predictive network hypothesis. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1659-1676. [PMID: 33934235 PMCID: PMC8203542 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tinnitus is the perception of a 'ringing' sound without an acoustic source. It is generally accepted that tinnitus develops after peripheral hearing loss and is associated with altered auditory processing. The thalamus is a crucial relay in the underlying pathways that actively shapes processing of auditory signals before the respective information reaches the cerebral cortex. Here, we review animal and human evidence to define thalamic function in tinnitus. Overall increased spontaneous firing patterns and altered coherence between the thalamic medial geniculate body (MGB) and auditory cortices is observed in animal models of tinnitus. It is likely that the functional connectivity between the MGB and primary and secondary auditory cortices is reduced in humans. Conversely, there are indications for increased connectivity between the MGB and several areas in the cingulate cortex and posterior cerebellar regions, as well as variability in connectivity between the MGB and frontal areas regarding laterality and orientation in the inferior, medial and superior frontal gyrus. We suggest that these changes affect adaptive sensory gating of temporal and spectral sound features along the auditory pathway, reflecting dysfunction in an extensive thalamo-cortical network implicated in predictive temporal adaptation to the auditory environment. Modulation of temporal characteristics of input signals might hence factor into a thalamo-cortical dysrhythmia profile of tinnitus, but could ultimately also establish new directions for treatment options for persons with tinnitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Brinkmann
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jasper V Smit
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat/Head and Neck Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard/Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus L F Janssen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Schwartze
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Song JJ, Park J, Koo JW, Lee SY, Vanneste S, De Ridder D, Hong S, Lim S. The balance between Bayesian inference and default mode determines the generation of tinnitus from decreased auditory input: A volume entropy-based study. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4059-4073. [PMID: 34076316 PMCID: PMC8288089 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with phantom pain, tinnitus, a phantom auditory perception occurring in the absence of an external acoustic stimulus, is one of the most representative phantom perceptions that develops in subjects with decreased peripheral sensory input. Although tinnitus is closely associated with peripheral hearing loss (HL), it remains unclear why only some individuals with HL develop tinnitus. In this study, we investigated the differences between 65 HL with tinnitus (HL‐T) and 104 HL with no tinnitus (HL‐NT) using a resting‐state electroencephalography data‐based volume entropy model of the brain network, by comparing the afferent node capacities, that quantify the contribution of each node to the spread of information, of all Brodmann areas. While the HL‐T group showed increased information flow in areas involved in Bayesian inference (the left orbitofrontal cortex, the left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) and auditory memory storage (the right hippocampus/parahippocampus), the HL‐NT group showed increased afferent node capacity in hub areas of the default mode network (DMN; the right posterior cingulate cortex and the right medial temporal gyrus). These results suggest that the balance of activity between the Bayesian inferential network (updating missing auditory information by retrieving auditory memories from the hippocampus/parahippocampus) and DMN (maintaining the “silent status quo”) determines whether phantom auditory perception occurs in a brain with decreased peripheral auditory input.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Jin Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jaemin Park
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja-Won Koo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, Trinity College of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Soonki Hong
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonhee Lim
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
To WT, Song JJ, Mohan A, De Ridder D, Vanneste S. Thalamocortical dysrhythmia underpin the log-dynamics in phantom sounds. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 262:511-526. [PMID: 33931194 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing Ting To
- Department of Health & Lifestyle Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Howest, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Jae-Jin Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Anusha Mohan
- Global Brain Health Institute & Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Global Brain Health Institute & Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schilling A, Tziridis K, Schulze H, Krauss P. The stochastic resonance model of auditory perception: A unified explanation of tinnitus development, Zwicker tone illusion, and residual inhibition. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 262:139-157. [PMID: 33931176 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stochastic resonance (SR) has been proposed to play a major role in auditory perception, and to maintain optimal information transmission from the cochlea to the auditory system. By this, the auditory system could adapt to changes of the auditory input at second or even sub-second timescales. In case of reduced auditory input, somatosensory projections to the dorsal cochlear nucleus would be disinhibited in order to improve hearing thresholds by means of SR. As a side effect, the increased somatosensory input corresponding to the observed tinnitus-associated neuronal hyperactivity is then perceived as tinnitus. In addition, the model can also explain transient phantom tone perceptions occurring after ear plugging, or the Zwicker tone illusion. Vice versa, the model predicts that via stimulation with acoustic noise, SR would not be needed to optimize information transmission, and hence somatosensory noise would be tuned down, resulting in a transient vanishing of tinnitus, an effect referred to as residual inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schilling
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group at the Chair of English Philology and Linguistics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group at the Chair of English Philology and Linguistics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; FAU Linguistics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Neural Bases of Tinnitus: Lessons from Deafness and Cochlear Implants. J Neurosci 2021; 40:7190-7202. [PMID: 32938634 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1314-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subjective tinnitus is the conscious perception of sound in the absence of any acoustic source. The literature suggests various tinnitus mechanisms, most of which invoke changes in spontaneous firing rates of central auditory neurons resulting from modification of neural gain. Here, we present an alternative model based on evidence that tinnitus is: (1) rare in people who are congenitally deaf, (2) common in people with acquired deafness, and (3) potentially suppressed by active cochlear implants used for hearing restoration. We propose that tinnitus can only develop after fast auditory fiber activity has stimulated the synapse formation between fast-spiking parvalbumin positive (PV+) interneurons and projecting neurons in the ascending auditory path and coactivated frontostriatal networks after hearing onset. Thereafter, fast auditory fiber activity promotes feedforward and feedback inhibition mediated by PV+ interneuron activity in auditory-specific circuits. This inhibitory network enables enhanced stimulus resolution, attention-driven contrast improvement, and augmentation of auditory responses in central auditory pathways (neural gain) after damage of slow auditory fibers. When fast auditory fiber activity is lost, tonic PV+ interneuron activity is diminished, resulting in the prolonged response latencies, sudden hyperexcitability, enhanced cortical synchrony, elevated spontaneous γ oscillations, and impaired attention/stress-control that have been described in previous tinnitus models. Moreover, because fast processing is gained through sensory experience, tinnitus would not exist in congenital deafness. Electrical cochlear stimulation may have the potential to reestablish tonic inhibitory networks and thus suppress tinnitus. The proposed framework unites many ideas of tinnitus pathophysiology and may catalyze cooperative efforts to develop tinnitus therapies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Perin P, Mabou Tagne A, Enrico P, Marino F, Cosentino M, Pizzala R, Boselli C. Cannabinoids, Inner Ear, Hearing, and Tinnitus: A Neuroimmunological Perspective. Front Neurol 2020; 11:505995. [PMID: 33329293 PMCID: PMC7719758 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.505995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis has been used for centuries for recreational and therapeutic purposes. Whereas, the recreative uses are based on the psychotropic effect of some of its compounds, its therapeutic effects range over a wide spectrum of actions, most of which target the brain or the immune system. Several studies have found cannabinoid receptors in the auditory system, both at peripheral and central levels, thus raising the interest in cannabinoid signaling in hearing, and especially in tinnitus, which is affected also by anxiety, memory, and attention circuits where cannabinoid effects are well described. Available studies on animal models of tinnitus suggest that cannabinoids are not likely to be helpful in tinnitus treatment and could even be harmful. However, the pharmacology of cannabinoids is very complex, and most studies focused on neural CB1R-based responses. Cannabinoid effects on the immune system (where CB2Rs predominate) are increasingly recognized as essential in understanding nervous system pathological responses, and data on immune cannabinoid targets have emerged in the auditory system as well. In addition, nonclassical cannabinoid targets (such as TRP channels) appear to play an important role in the auditory system as well. This review will focus on neuroimmunological mechanisms for cannabinoid effects and their possible use as protective and therapeutic agents in the ear and auditory system, especially in tinnitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Perin
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Pizzala
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Boselli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
De Ridder D, Vanneste S. The Bayesian brain in imbalance: Medial, lateral and descending pathways in tinnitus and pain: A perspective. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 262:309-334. [PMID: 33931186 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus and pain share similarities in their anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical picture and treatments. Based on what is known in the pain field, a heuristic model can be proposed for the pathophysiolgy of tinnitus. This heuristic pathophysiological model suggests that pain and tinnitus are the consequence of an imbalance between two pain/tinnitus evoking pathways, i.e., a lateral sensory pathway and a medial affective pathway, both of which are not balanced anymore by a pain/noise inhibitory pathway. Mechanistically, based on the Bayesian brain concept, it can be explained by a switch occuring under influence of the rostral to dorsal anterior cingulate cortex of its prior predictions, i.e., a reference resetting, in which the pain/tinnitus state is considered as the new reference state. This reference resetting is confirmed by the nucleus accumbens as part of the reward system and maintained by connectivity changes between the nucleus accumbens and the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex. As a consequence it can be suggested to treat pain/tinnitus via reconditioning, either surgically or non-surgically. The model can also be used to develop objective measures for tinnitus and pain via supervised machine learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Global Brain Health Institute & Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bachmann T. The Set of Priors Related Concepts Instrumental in Understanding Conscious Perception Begs Clarification. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1293. [PMID: 32655453 PMCID: PMC7324745 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
26
|
Mohan A, Bhamoo N, Riquelme JS, Long S, Norena A, Vanneste S. Investigating functional changes in the brain to intermittently induced auditory illusions and its relevance to chronic tinnitus. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:1819-1832. [PMID: 32154627 PMCID: PMC7268029 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the neural correlates of chronic tinnitus. However, we still do not understand what happens in the acute phase. Past studies have established Zwicker tone (ZT) illusions as a good human model for acute tinnitus. ZT illusions are perceived following the presentation of a notched noise stimulus, that is, broadband noise with a narrow band-stop filter (notch). In the current study, we compared the neural correlates of the reliable perception of a ZT illusion to that which is not. We observed changes in evoked and total theta power in wide-spread regions of the brain particularly in the temporal-parietal junction, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (pgACC/vmPFC), parahippocampus during perception of the ZT illusion. Furthermore, we observe that increased theta power significantly predicts a gradual positive change in the intensity of the ZT illusion. Such changes may suggest a malfunction of the sensory gating system that enables habituation to redundant stimuli and suppresses hyperactivity. It could also suggest a successful retrieval of the memory of the missing frequencies, resulting in their conscious perception indicating the role of higher-order processing in the mechanism of action of ZT illusions. To establish a more concrete relationship between ZT illusion and chronic tinnitus, future longitudinal studies following up a much larger sample of participants who reliably perceive a ZT illusion to see if they develop tinnitus at a later stage is essential. This could inform us if the ZT illusion may be a precursor to chronic tinnitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Mohan
- Global Brain Health Institute & Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Neil Bhamoo
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasDallasTexas
| | - Juan S. Riquelme
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasDallasTexas
| | - Samantha Long
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasDallasTexas
| | - Arnaud Norena
- Laboratory of Sensory and Cognitive NeuroscienceAix‐Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Global Brain Health Institute & Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasDallasTexas
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Riha C, Güntensperger D, Kleinjung T, Meyer M. Accounting for Heterogeneity: Mixed-Effects Models in Resting-State EEG Data in a Sample of Tinnitus Sufferers. Brain Topogr 2020; 33:413-424. [PMID: 32328859 PMCID: PMC7293675 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-020-00772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In neuroscience, neural oscillations and other features of brain activity recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) are typically statistically assessed on the basis of the study’s population mean to identify possible blueprints for healthy subjects, or subjects with diagnosable neurological or psychiatric disorders. Despite some inter-individual similarities, there is reason to believe that a discernible portion of the individual brain activity is subject-specific. In order to encompass the potential individual source of variance in EEG data and psychometric parameters, we introduce an innovative application of linear mixed-effects models (LMM) as an alternative procedure for the analysis of resting-state EEG data. Using LMM, individual differences can be modelled through the assumptions of idiosyncrasy of all responses and dependency among data points (e.g., from the same subject within and across units of time) via random effects parameters. This report provides an example of how LMM can be used for the statistical analysis of resting-state EEG data in a heterogeneous group of subjects; namely, people who suffer from tinnitus (ringing in the ear/s). Results from 49 participants (38 male, mean age of 46.69 ± 12.65 years) revealed that EEG signals were not only associated with specific recording sites, but exhibited regional specific oscillations in conjunction to symptom severity. Tinnitus distress targeted the frequency bands beta3 (23.5–35 Hz) and gamma (35.5–45 Hz) in right frontal regions, whereas delta (0.5–4 Hz) exhibited significant changes in temporal-parietal sources. Further, 57.8% of the total variance in EEG power was subject-specific and acknowledged by the LMM framework and its prediction. Thus, a deeper understanding of both the underlying statistical and physiological patterns of EEG data was gained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Riha
- Chair of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestr. 14/25, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Research Priority Program "ESIT - European School of Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research", Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Dominik Güntensperger
- Chair of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestr. 14/25, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kleinjung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Meyer
- Chair of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestr. 14/25, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
McFerran DJ, Stockdale D, Holme R, Large CH, Baguley DM. Why Is There No Cure for Tinnitus? Front Neurosci 2019; 13:802. [PMID: 31447630 PMCID: PMC6691100 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is unusual for such a common symptom in that there are few treatment options and those that are available are aimed at reducing the impact rather than specifically addressing the tinnitus percept. In particular, there is no drug recommended specifically for the management of tinnitus. Whilst some of the currently available interventions are effective at improving quality of life and reducing tinnitus-associated psychological distress, most show little if any effect on the primary symptom of subjective tinnitus loudness. Studies of the delivery of tinnitus services have demonstrated considerable end-user dissatisfaction and a marked disconnect between the aims of healthcare providers and those of tinnitus patients: patients want their tinnitus loudness reduced and would prefer a pharmacological solution over other modalities. Several studies have shown that tinnitus confers a significant financial burden on healthcare systems and an even greater economic impact on society as a whole. Market research has demonstrated a strong commercial opportunity for an effective pharmacological treatment for tinnitus, but the amount of tinnitus research and financial investment is small compared to other chronic health conditions. There is no single reason for this situation, but rather a series of impediments: tinnitus prevalence is unclear with published figures varying from 5.1 to 42.7%; there is a lack of a clear tinnitus definition and there are multiple subtypes of tinnitus, potentially requiring different treatments; there is a dearth of biomarkers and objective measures for tinnitus; treatment research is associated with a very large placebo effect; the pathophysiology of tinnitus is unclear; animal models are available but research in animals frequently fails to correlate with human studies; there is no clear definition of what constitutes meaningful change or "cure"; the pharmaceutical industry cannot see a clear pathway to distribute their products as many tinnitus clinicians are non-prescribing audiologists. To try and clarify this situation, highlight important areas for research and prevent wasteful duplication of effort, the British Tinnitus Association (BTA) has developed a Map of Tinnitus. This is a repository of evidence-based tinnitus knowledge, designed to be free to access, intuitive, easy to use, adaptable and expandable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don J. McFerran
- Colchester General Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, United Kingdom
- British Tinnitus Association, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ralph Holme
- Action on Hearing Loss, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles H. Large
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - David M Baguley
- British Tinnitus Association, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Audiology Services, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|