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Émard-Lamy C, Bergé L, Saj A. Body representation after a stroke in the brainstem. J Neurol Sci 2024; 460:123013. [PMID: 38653116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesion occurring in the brainstem may cause a postural tilt and balance disorders, which could be due to an inaccurate perception of the body orientation. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a brainstem stroke on body representation in horizontal and frontal plane, and links with impaired posture and neuroanatomy. METHODS Forty patients with stroke in left brainstem (L-BS) or right (R-BS) were compared with 15 matched control subjects (C). The subjective straight-ahead (SSA) was investigated using a method disentangling lateral deviation and tilt components of error. RESULTS The L-BS patients had contralesional lateral deviation of SSA. In addition, they showed an ipsilesional tilt, more severe for the trunk than for the head. By contrast, in R-BS patients, the representation of the body midline was fairly accurate in both the horizontal and frontal planes and did not differ from that of control subjects. CONCLUSION This work highlights an asymmetry of representation of body associated with left brainstem lesions extending to the right cerebral hemisphere. This deviation appears only after a left lesion, which may point to a vestibular dominance. These results open a new perspective of neuro-rehabilitation of postural disorders after a stroke, with the correction of the representation of body orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Émard-Lamy
- Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Bergé
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Neuroscience Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Saj
- Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre, Longueuil, QC, Canada; Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Neuroscience Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Hospital of Geneva, Neuropsychology Unit, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Saj A, Honoré J, Borel L. Ego- and Geo-Centered References: A Functional Neuroimagery Study. Eur Neurol 2024; 87:36-42. [PMID: 38228099 DOI: 10.1159/000535725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The integration of vestibular, visual, and somatosensory cues allows the perception of space through the orientation of our body and surrounding objects with respect to gravity. The main goal of this study was to identify the cortical networks recruited during the representation of body midline and the representation of verticality. METHODS Thirty right-handed healthy participants were evaluated using fMRI. Brain networks activated during a subjective straight-ahead (SSA) task were compared to those recruited during a subjective vertical (SV) task. RESULTS Different patterns of cortical activation were observed, with differential increases in the angular gyrus and left cerebellum posterior lobe during the SSA task, in right rolandic operculum and cerebellum anterior lobe during the SV task. DISCUSSION The activation of these areas involved in visuo-spatial functions suggests that bodily processes of great complexity are engaged in body representation and vertical perception. Interestingly, the common brain networks involved in SSA and SV tasks were comprised of areas of vestibular projection that receive multisensory information (parieto-occipital areas) and the cerebellum, and reveal a predominance of the right cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. The outcomes of this first fMRI study designed to unmask common and specific neural mechanisms at work in gravity- or body-referenced tasks pave a new way for the exploration of spatial cognitive impairment in patients with vestibular or cortical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Saj
- Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Honoré
- SCALab, UMR 9193, University of Lille, CNRS, Lille, France
| | - Liliane Borel
- LNC, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
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3
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Sattin D, Parma C, Lunetta C, Zulueta A, Lanzone J, Giani L, Vassallo M, Picozzi M, Parati EA. An Overview of the Body Schema and Body Image: Theoretical Models, Methodological Settings and Pitfalls for Rehabilitation of Persons with Neurological Disorders. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1410. [PMID: 37891779 PMCID: PMC10605253 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the widespread debate on the definition of the terms "Body Schema" and "Body Image", this article presents a broad overview of the studies that have investigated the nature of these types of body representations, especially focusing on the innovative information about these two representations that could be useful for the rehabilitation of patients with different neurological disorders with motor deficits (especially those affecting the upper limbs). In particular, we analyzed (i) the different definitions and explicative models proposed, (ii) the empirical settings used to test them and (iii) the clinical and rehabilitative implications derived from the application of interventions on specific case reports. The growing number of neurological diseases with motor impairment in the general population has required the development of new rehabilitation techniques and a new phenomenological paradigm placing body schema as fundamental and intrinsic parts for action in space. In this narrative review, the focus was placed on evidence from the application of innovative rehabilitation techniques and case reports involving the upper limbs, as body parts particularly involved in finalistic voluntary actions in everyday life, discussing body representations and their functional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Sattin
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Health Directorate, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy; (D.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Chiara Parma
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Health Directorate, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy; (D.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Christian Lunetta
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department-ALS Unit, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Aida Zulueta
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Labion, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Jacopo Lanzone
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.L.); (L.G.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Luca Giani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.L.); (L.G.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Marta Vassallo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Health Directorate, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy; (D.S.); (M.V.)
- Center for Clinical Ethics, Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Mario Picozzi
- Center for Clinical Ethics, Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Agostino Parati
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.L.); (L.G.); (E.A.P.)
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Have L, Quesque F, Priot AE, Chastres V, Revol P, Delporte L, Chabanat E, Obadia N, Cotton F, Reilly KT, Rossetti Y. Feeling without localizing: exploring tactile misperception in a patient with uncommon parietal left brain damage. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1167489. [PMID: 37425290 PMCID: PMC10326386 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1167489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We report a very unique clinical presentation of a patient who complained, after a left parietal brain damage, about feeling tactile stimulations on his right upper limb without being able to localize them. Methods Using a single case study approach, we report three experiments relying on several custom-made tasks to explore the different levels of somatosensory information processing, ranging from somato-sensation to somato-representation. Results Our results showed a preserved ability to localize tactile stimuli applied on the right upper limb when using pointing responses while the ability to localize was less efficient when having to name the stimulated part (akin Numbsense). When the stimuli were applied on more distal locations (i.e., on the hand and on fingers), the number of correct responses decreased significantly independently of the modality of response. Finally, when visually presented with a stimulus delivered on the hand of an examiner in synchrony with the stimulation on the hidden hand of the patient, responses were largely influenced by the visual information available. Altogether, the convergence of these different customized tasks revealed an absence of autotopagnosia for motor responses for the right upper limb, associated with altered abilities to discriminate stimulus applied on distal and restricted/closer zones in the hand. Discussion The somato-representation of our patient seemed to significantly rely on visual information, leading to striking deficits to localize tactile stimuli when vision and somesthesic afferences are discordant. This case report offers a clinical illustration of pathological imbalance between vision and somesthesia. Implications of these troubles in somato-representation on higher cognitive level processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Have
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR 5292, Trajectoires, F-69500, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - François Quesque
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR 5292, Trajectoires, F-69500, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Anne-Emmanuelle Priot
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR 5292, Trajectoires, F-69500, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), French Military Health Service, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Véronique Chastres
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), French Military Health Service, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Patrice Revol
- Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Plateforme Mouvement et Handicap, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Ludovic Delporte
- Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Plateforme Mouvement et Handicap, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Eric Chabanat
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR 5292, Trajectoires, F-69500, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Obadia
- Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Plateforme Mouvement et Handicap, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - François Cotton
- Service de Radiologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Creatis Lab–CNRS UMR 5220–INSERM U1206 Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Karen T. Reilly
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR 5292, Trajectoires, F-69500, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Yves Rossetti
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR 5292, Trajectoires, F-69500, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
- Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Plateforme Mouvement et Handicap, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
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Lo Buono V, Corallo F, Bonanno L, Quartarone A, De Cola MC. Body Image and Emotional Status in Patients with Acquired Brain Injury. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4070. [PMID: 37373763 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional experiences can lead to a real or distorted self-representation. After brain damage, altered self-perception of one's own body image is frequent. This study evaluates the relationship of mood disorders and lesion sites on body image in a cohort of ABI patients. A total of 46 patients (26 men, 20 women) without severe physical impairments were found eligible for this study. Patients underwent Beck's Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety to assess mood disorders, whereas the Body Image Scale and Human Figure Drawing were used to evaluate body dissatisfaction and implicit body image. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to assess patients' cognitive condition. We found a moderate correlation between depression and body image (r = 0.48), as well as between anxiety and body image (r = 0.52), and the regression model also reported the right lesion site as a predictive variable for body image score. In addition, the regression model built by Human Figure Drawing scores showed anxiety, cognitive functioning, and a marital status of single to be significant predictors. The study confirmed that participants with acquired brain injury have deficits in body representation associated with mood disorders, regardless of the side of the lesions. A neuropsychological intervention could be useful for these patients to improve their cognitive performance and learn to manage emotional dysfunction in order to increase their self-perception of body image and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilla Bonanno
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy
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Wolf RC, Werler F, Schmitgen MM, Wolf ND, Wittemann M, Reith W, Hirjak D. Functional correlates of neurological soft signs in heavy cannabis users. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13270. [PMID: 36825488 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Sensorimotor dysfunction has been previously reported in persons with cannabis dependence. Such individuals can exhibit increased levels of neurological soft signs (NSS), particularly involving motor coordination, sensorimotor integration and complex motor task performance. Abnormal NSS levels can also be detected in non-dependent individuals with heavy cannabis use (HCU), yet very little is known about the functional correlates underlying such deficits. Here, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate associations between NSS and intrinsic neural activity (INA) in HCU (n = 21) and controls (n = 26). Compared with controls, individuals with HCU showed significantly higher NSS across all investigated subdomains. Three of these subdomains, that is, motor coordination, sensorimotor integration and complex motor task behaviour, were associated with specific use-dependent variables, particularly age of onset of cannabis use and current cannabis use. Between-group comparisons of INA revealed lower regional homogeneity (ReHo) in left precentral gyrus, left inferior occipital gyrus, right triangular pat of the inferior frontal gyrus and right precentral gyrus in HCU compared with controls. In addition, HCU showed also higher ReHo in right cerebellum and left postcentral gyrus compared with controls. Complex motor task behaviour in HCU was significantly related to INA in postcentral, inferior frontal and occipital cortices. Our findings indicate abnormal ReHo in HCU in regions associated with sensorimotor, executive control and visuomotor-integration processes. Importantly, we show associations between ReHo, cannabis-use behaviour and execution of complex motor tasks. Given convergent findings in manifest psychotic disorders, this study suggests an HCU endophenotype that may present with a cumulative risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Christian Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Werler
- Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mike M Schmitgen
- Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine D Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Wittemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reith
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Lafitte R, Jeager M, Piscicelli C, Dai S, Lemaire C, Chrispin A, Davoine P, Dupierrix E, Pérennou D. Spatial neglect encompasses impaired verticality representation after right hemisphere stroke. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1520:140-152. [PMID: 36478572 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spatial neglect after right hemisphere stroke (RHS) was recently found to encompass lateropulsion, a deficit in body orientation with respect to gravity caused by altered brain processing of graviception. By analogy, we hypothesized that spatial neglect after RHS might encompass an altered representation of verticality. We also assumed a strong relation between body neglect and impaired postural vertical, both referring to the body. To tackle these issues, we performed contingency and correlation analyses between two domains of spatial neglect (body, extra-body) and two modalities of verticality perception (postural, visual) in 77 individuals (median age = 67) with a first-ever subacute RHS (1-3 months). All individuals with a transmodal (postural and visual) tilt in verticality perception (n = 26) had spatial neglect, but the reverse was not found. Correlation and multivariate analyses revealed that spatial neglect (and notably body neglect) was associated more with postural than visual vertical tilts. These findings indicate that after RHS, an impaired verticality representation results from a kind of graviceptive neglect, bearing first on somaesthetic graviception and second on vestibular graviception. They also suggest that the human brain uses not only a mosaic of 2D representations but also 3D maps involving a transmodal representation of verticality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Lafitte
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5105 Neuropsychology and Neurocognition, CHU Grenoble Alpes, South Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Jeager
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5105 Neuropsychology and Neurocognition, CHU Grenoble Alpes, South Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Céline Piscicelli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5105 Neuropsychology and Neurocognition, CHU Grenoble Alpes, South Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Shenhao Dai
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5105 Neuropsychology and Neurocognition, CHU Grenoble Alpes, South Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Camille Lemaire
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5105 Neuropsychology and Neurocognition, CHU Grenoble Alpes, South Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Chrispin
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5105 Neuropsychology and Neurocognition, CHU Grenoble Alpes, South Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Davoine
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5105 Neuropsychology and Neurocognition, CHU Grenoble Alpes, South Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Eve Dupierrix
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5105 Neuropsychology and Neurocognition, CHU Grenoble Alpes, South Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Dominic Pérennou
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5105 Neuropsychology and Neurocognition, CHU Grenoble Alpes, South Hospital, Grenoble, France
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Borel L, Honoré J, Bachelard-Serra M, Lavieille JP, Saj A. Representation of Body Orientation in Vestibular-Defective Patients Before and After Unilateral Vestibular Loss. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:733684. [PMID: 34776883 PMCID: PMC8580062 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.733684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The unilateral vestibular syndrome results in postural, oculomotor, perceptive, and cognitive symptoms. This study was designed to investigate the role of vestibular signals in body orientation representation, which remains poorly considered in vestibular patients. Methods: The subjective straight ahead (SSA) was investigated using a method disentangling translation and rotation components of error. Participants were required to align a rod with their body midline in the horizontal plane. Patients with right vestibular neurotomy (RVN; n =8) or left vestibular neurotomy (LVN; n = 13) or vestibular schwannoma resection were compared with 12 healthy controls. Patients were tested the day before surgery and during the recovery period, 7 days and 2 months after the surgery. Results: Before and after unilateral vestibular neurotomy, i.e., in the chronic phases, patients showed a rightward translation bias of their SSA, without rotation bias, whatever the side of the vestibular loss. However, the data show that the lower the translation error before neurotomy, the greater its increase 2 months after a total unilateral vestibular loss, therefore leading to a rightward translation of similar amplitude in the two groups of patients. In the early phase after surgery, SSA moved toward the operated side both in translation and in rotation, as typically found for biases occurring after unilateral vestibular loss, such as the subjective visual vertical (SVV) bias. Discussion and Conclusion: This study gives the first description of the immediate consequences and of the recovery time course of body orientation representation after a complete unilateral vestibular loss. The overall evolution differed according to the side of the lesion with more extensive changes over time before and after left vestibular loss. It is noteworthy that representational disturbances of self-orientation were highly unusual in the chronic stage after vestibular loss and similar to those reported after hemispheric lesions causing spatial neglect, while classical ipsilesional biases were reported in the acute stage. This study strongly supports the notion that the vestibular system plays a major role in body representation processes and more broadly in spatial cognition. From a clinical point of view, SSA appeared to be a reliable indicator for the presence of a vestibular disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Borel
- Cognitive Neurosciences Laboratory, UMR 7291, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Honoré
- SCALab, UMR 9193, University of Lille, CNRS, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Bachelard-Serra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, CHP Clairval, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavieille
- Cognitive Neurosciences Laboratory, UMR 7291, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Saj
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabiliation of Montréal, CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre, Longueuil, QC, Canada
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The Neural Bases of Egocentric Spatial Representation for Extracorporeal and Corporeal Tasks: An fMRI Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11080963. [PMID: 34439582 PMCID: PMC8394366 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Humans use reference frames to elaborate the spatial representations needed for all space-oriented behaviors such as postural control, walking, or grasping. We investigated the neural bases of two egocentric tasks: the extracorporeal subjective straight-ahead task (SSA) and the corporeal subjective longitudinal body plane task (SLB) in healthy participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This work was an ancillary part of a study involving stroke patients. (2) Methods: Seventeen healthy participants underwent a 3T fMRI examination. During the SSA, participants had to divide the extracorporeal space into two equal parts. During the SLB, they had to divide their body along the midsagittal plane. (3) Results: Both tasks elicited a parieto-occipital network encompassing the superior and inferior parietal lobules and lateral occipital cortex, with a right hemispheric dominance. Additionally, the SLB > SSA contrast revealed activations of the left angular and premotor cortices. These areas, involved in attention and motor imagery suggest a greater complexity of corporeal processes engaging body representation. (4) Conclusions: This was the first fMRI study to explore the SLB-related activity and its complementarity with the SSA. Our results pave the way for the exploration of spatial cognitive impairment in patients.
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Chen P, Toglia J. The 3s Spreadsheet Test version 2 for assessing egocentric viewer-centered and allocentric stimulus-centered spatial neglect. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2021; 29:1369-1379. [PMID: 33556259 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1878462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study established the norms of the 3 s Spreadsheet Test version 2 (3S-v2 Test) with 186 healthy adults, compared performance of 23 individuals with spatial neglect after right brain stroke to the norms, and examined the extent that allocentric neglect is independent from egocentric neglect. The task required in the 3S-v2 Test is to cross out the target digit "3" in a spreadsheet that contained 10 columns and 14 rows of digit strings, including 120 target digits and 720 non-target digits. Each target is categorized with respect to its location on the page (egocentric viewer-centered) and its position within the digit string (allocentric stimulus-centered). Patients completed the 3S-v2 Test, the Apples Test, and Scene Copying Test (a five-object figure copying test). Based on the neglect classification criteria of these three tests, 18 patients (78.3%) were identified with both forms of neglect, three patients (13.0%) had isolated egocentric neglect, and two (8.7%) had isolated allocentric neglect. Among patients who were determined as having allocentric neglect by a given test, we found no significant correlation between severity of allocentric neglect and stimulus location in the egocentric reference frame. Based on the present findings, we suggest that including the 3S-v2 Test, a functionally relevant task and different from the currently available tests, may increase the comprehensiveness of neglect assessment. In addition, allocentric neglect symptoms are independent of egocentric locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peii Chen
- Center for Stroke Rehabilitation Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Joan Toglia
- School of Health and Natural Sciences, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, NY, USA.,Rehabilitation Medicine Department, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Pierce JE, Ronchi R, Thomasson M, Rossi I, Casati C, Saj A, Vallar G, Vuilleumier P. A novel computerized assessment of manual spatial exploration in unilateral spatial neglect. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2021; 32:1099-1120. [PMID: 33478363 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2021.1875850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Unilateral spatial neglect is a neuropsychological syndrome commonly observed after stroke and defined by the inability to attend or respond to contralesional stimuli. Typically, symptoms are assessed using clinical tests that rely upon visual/perceptual abilities. However, neglect may affect high-level representations controlling attention in other modalities as well. Here we developed a novel manual exploration test using a touch screen computer to quantify spatial search behaviour without visual input. Twelve chronic stroke patients with left neglect and 27 patients without neglect (based on clinical tests) completed our task. Four of the 12 "neglect" patients exhibited clear signs of neglect on our task as compared to "non-neglect" patients and healthy controls, and six other patients (from both groups) also demonstrated signs of neglect compared to healthy controls only. While some patients made asymmetrical responses on only one task, generally, patients with the strongest neglect performed poorly on multiple tasks. This suggests that representations associated with different modalities may be affected separately, but that severe forms of neglect are more likely related to damage in a common underlying representation. Our manual exploration task is easy to administer and can be added to standard neglect screenings to better measure symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Pierce
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Ronchi
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marine Thomasson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.,Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irene Rossi
- Neuropsychological Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy.,Dept. of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Casati
- Neuropsychological Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy.,Dept. of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Arnaud Saj
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Vallar
- Neuropsychological Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Matamala-Gomez M, Malighetti C, Cipresso P, Pedroli E, Realdon O, Mantovani F, Riva G. Changing Body Representation Through Full Body Ownership Illusions Might Foster Motor Rehabilitation Outcome in Patients With Stroke. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1962. [PMID: 32973612 PMCID: PMC7471722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How our brain represents our body through the integration of internal and external sensory information so that we can interact with our surrounding environment has become a matter of interest especially in the field of neurorehabilitation. In this regard, there is an increasing interest in the use of multisensory integration techniques—such as the use of body ownership illusions—to modulate distorted body representations after brain damage. In particular, cross-modal illusions such as mirror visual feedback therapy (MVFT) have been widely used for motor rehabilitation. Despite the effectiveness of the MVFT for motor rehabilitation, there are some limitations to fully modify the distorted internal representation of the paretic limb in patients with stroke. A possible explanation for this relies on the physical limitations of the mirror in reproducing upper-limb distortions, which can result in a reduced sense of ownership of the mirrored limb. New digital technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and 360° videos allow researchers to create body ownership illusions by adapting virtual bodies so that they represent specific morphological characteristics including upper-limb distortions. In this manuscript, we present a new rehabilitation approach that employs full virtual body ownership illusions, using a 360° video system, for the assessment and modulation of the internal representation of the affected upper limb in stroke patients. We suggest modifying the internal representation of the upper limb to a normal position before starting motor rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Matamala-Gomez
- "Riccardo Massa" Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Malighetti
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pedroli
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Olivia Realdon
- "Riccardo Massa" Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Mantovani
- "Riccardo Massa" Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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13
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Zhang M, Watanabe H, Sarkisyan D, Andersen MS, Nosova O, Galatenko V, Carvalho L, Lukoyanov N, Thelin J, Schouenborg J, Bakalkin G. Hindlimb motor responses to unilateral brain injury: spinal cord encoding and left-right asymmetry. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa055. [PMID: 32954305 PMCID: PMC7425521 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of motor deficits (e.g. hemiparesis and hemiplegia) secondary to stroke and traumatic brain injury remain poorly understood. In early animal studies, a unilateral lesion to the cerebellum produced postural asymmetry with ipsilateral hindlimb flexion that was retained after complete spinal cord transection. Here we demonstrate that hindlimb postural asymmetry in rats is induced by a unilateral injury of the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex, and characterize this phenomenon as a model of spinal neuroplasticity underlying asymmetric motor deficits. After cortical lesion, the asymmetry was developed due to the contralesional hindlimb flexion and persisted after decerebration and complete spinal cord transection. The asymmetry induced by the left-side brain injury was eliminated by bilateral lumbar dorsal rhizotomy, but surprisingly, the asymmetry after the right-side brain lesion was resistant to deafferentation. Pancuronium, a curare-mimetic muscle relaxant, abolished the asymmetry after the right-side lesion suggesting its dependence on the efferent drive. The contra- and ipsilesional hindlimbs displayed different musculo-articular resistance to stretch after the left but not right-side injury. The nociceptive withdrawal reflexes evoked by electrical stimulation and recorded with EMG technique were different between the left and right hindlimbs in the spinalized decerebrate rats. On this asymmetric background, a brain injury resulted in greater reflex activation on the contra- versus ipsilesional side; the difference between the limbs was higher after the right-side brain lesion. The unilateral brain injury modified expression of neuroplasticity genes analysed as readout of plastic changes, as well as robustly impaired coordination of their expression within and between the ipsi- and contralesional halves of lumbar spinal cord; the effects were more pronounced after the left side compared to the right-side injury. Our data suggest that changes in the hindlimb posture, resistance to stretch and nociceptive withdrawal reflexes are encoded by neuroplastic processes in lumbar spinal circuits induced by a unilateral brain injury. Two mechanisms, one dependent on and one independent of afferent input may mediate asymmetric hindlimb motor responses. The latter, deafferentation resistant mechanism may be based on sustained muscle contractions which often occur in patients with central lesions and which are not evoked by afferent stimulation. The unusual feature of these mechanisms is their lateralization in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Zhang
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Neuronano Research Center, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniil Sarkisyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marlene Storm Andersen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Olga Nosova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Galatenko
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liliana Carvalho
- Departamento de Biomedicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nikolay Lukoyanov
- Departamento de Biomedicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jonas Thelin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Neuronano Research Center, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Schouenborg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Neuronano Research Center, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Georgy Bakalkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Jamal K, Leplaideur S, Rousseau C, Cordillet S, Raillon AM, Butet S, Cretual A, Bonan I. The effects of repetitive neck-muscle vibration on postural disturbances after a chronic stroke. Neurophysiol Clin 2020; 50:269-278. [PMID: 32245547 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to test a repeated program of vibration sessions of the neck muscles (rNMV) on postural disturbances and spatial perception in patients with right (RBD) versus left (LBD) vascular brain damage. METHODS Thirty-two chronic stroke patients (mean age 60.9±10 yrs and mean time since stroke 4.9±4 yrs), 16 RBD and 16 LBD, underwent a program of 10 sessions of NMV over two weeks. Posturography parameters (weight-bearing asymmetry (WBA), Xm, Ym, and surface), balance rating (Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG)), space representation (subjective straight ahead (SSA), longitudinal body axis (LBA), subjective visual vertical (SVV)), and post-stroke deficiencies (motricity index, sensitivity, and spasticity) were tested and the data analyzed by ANOVA or a linear rank-based model, depending on whether the data were normally distributed, with lesion side and time factor (D-15, D0, D15, D21, D45). RESULTS The ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between lesion side and time for WBA (P<0.0001) with a significant shift towards the paretic lower limb in the RBD patients only (P=0.0001), whereas there was no effect in the LBD patients (P=0.98). Neither group showed a significant modification of spatial representation. Nonetheless, there was a significant improvement in motricity (P=0.02), TUG (P=0.0005), and BBS (P<0.0001) in both groups at the end of treatment and afterwards. CONCLUSIONS rNMV appeared to correct WBA in RBD patients only. This suggests that rNMV could be effective in treating sustainable imbalance due to spatial cognition disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Jamal
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France; M2S laboratory-EA 1274, University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France.
| | - Stéphanie Leplaideur
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France; Neurology Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, CMRRF KERPAPE, France; Unit EMPENN, INSERM, INRIA, Unit 1228 University Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Chloé Rousseau
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Investigation, Center INSERM 1414, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Cordillet
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Annelise Moulinet Raillon
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France; Physical and rehabilitation medicine department, Hospital of Saint-Vallier, Saint-Vallier, France
| | - Simon Butet
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Armel Cretual
- M2S laboratory-EA 1274, University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Bonan
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France; M2S laboratory-EA 1274, University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France
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15
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Saj A, Heiz J, Van Calster L, Barisnikov K. Visuospatial bias in line bisection in Williams syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2020; 64:57-61. [PMID: 31512805 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a study using the subjective straight-ahead task showed that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) present a bias in the representation of body perception. The aim of the present study is to examine the horizontal midline body representation in WS participants using the bisection line task, which is an important benchmark for an egocentric frame of reference. METHOD Fifteen WS participants (mean age = 21.7 ± 9.5 years) were compared with two typical development control groups: one composed of 15 participants matched on chronological age and one composed of 15 children matched on mental age. The task consisted of dividing each line in a series of 18 lines into two equal halves by drawing a vertical mark with a pencil in the centre of the line. RESULTS Individuals with WS presented a significant leftward bias in comparison to mental age and chronological age groups. CONCLUSIONS The leftward deviation in WS could be linked to the body representation bias and difficulties in the development of the egocentric reference system. An early detection of such deviation should help in the development of targeted interventions for WS individuals to improve visual-spatial skills and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saj
- Department of Psychology, Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Laval, QC, Canada
- CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre, Longueuil, QC, Canada
| | - J Heiz
- Department of Psychology, Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Van Calster
- Department of Psychology, Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Barisnikov
- Department of Psychology, Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Pierce J, Saj A. A critical review of the role of impaired spatial remapping processes in spatial neglect. Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 33:948-970. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1503722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Pierce
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Saj
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Disturbances of spatial reference frame and postural asymmetry after a chronic stroke. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:2377-2385. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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18
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Saj A, Heiz J, Barisnikov K. Where is the 'subjective straight ahead' in Williams syndrome? JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2017; 61:512-518. [PMID: 28185328 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with Williams Syndrome (WS) are known to have particular difficulties when performing visuo-spatial tasks, which could be related to their difficulties in using a specific reference system to determine spatial relations. The aim of the present study was to assess the internal representation of the body's sagittal plane, which is an important benchmark for an egocentric frame of reference. METHOD The results of 18 WS individuals (mean age = 20.5 ± 9.2 years) on the subjective straight ahead (SSA) task were compared with those of two healthy control groups composed of 36 participants matched on chronological age matched on chronological age (CA) and 30 young children matched on non-verbal intellectual ability (YC). RESULTS Individuals with WS showed a significant left deviation on the SSA body's sagittal plane representation compared with the chronological age control group and a marginal left deviation compared with the young children control group. A comparison with the objective SA (0°) showed a significant leftward deviation in the WS group but not in the two control groups. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with WS showed a significant leftward deviation in the SSA task. This bias of the body's longitudinal axe representation could have a negative impact on the use of an egocentric reference system, which could be the cause for their difficulties in defining spatial relations (e.g. location and orientation) necessary for performing spatial tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saj
- Department of Neurology, Neuropsychology Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Heiz
- Department of Psychology, Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Barisnikov
- Department of Psychology, Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Neural correlates of evoked phantom limb sensations. Biol Psychol 2017; 126:89-97. [PMID: 28445695 PMCID: PMC5437955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a neural network related to evoked phantom sensations in amputees. Such networks were not related to the stimulation from the residual limb. Difference in intra- and inter-hemispheric interactions between amputees and yoked controls. This finding yields novel insights into the neural basis of phantom sensation.
Previous work showed the existence of changes in the topographic organization within the somatosensory cortex (SI) in amputees with phantom limb pain, however, the link between nonpainful phantom sensations such as cramping or tingling or the percept of the limb and cortical changes is less clear. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a highly selective group of limb amputees who experienced inducible and reproducible nonpainful phantom sensations. A standardized procedure was used to locate body sites eliciting phantom sensations in each amputee. Selected body sites that could systematically evoke phantom sensations were stimulated using electrical pulses in order to induce phasic phantom sensations. Homologous body parts were also stimulated in a group of matched controls. Activations related to evoked phantom sensations were found bilaterally in SI and the intraparietal sulci (IPS), which significantly correlated with the intensity of evoked phantom sensations. In addition, we found differences in intra- and interhemispheric interaction between amputees and controls during evoked phantom sensations. We assume that phantom sensations might be associated with a functional decoupling between bilateral SI and IPS, possibly resulting from transcallosal reorganization mechanisms following amputation.
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20
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Cortical folding patterns are associated with impulsivity in healthy young adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:1592-1603. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Body part-centered and full body-centered peripersonal space representations. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18603. [PMID: 26690698 PMCID: PMC4686995 DOI: 10.1038/srep18603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedicated neural systems represent the space surrounding the body, termed Peripersonal space (PPS), by integrating visual or auditory stimuli occurring near the body with somatosensory information. As a behavioral proxy to PPS, we measured participants' reaction time to tactile stimulation while task-irrelevant auditory or visual stimuli were presented at different distances from their body. In 7 experiments we delineated the critical distance at which auditory or visual stimuli boosted tactile processing on the hand, face, and trunk as a proxy of the PPS extension. Three main findings were obtained. First, the size of PPS varied according to the stimulated body part, being progressively bigger for the hand, then face, and largest for the trunk. Second, while approaching stimuli always modulated tactile processing in a space-dependent manner, receding stimuli did so only for the hand. Finally, the extension of PPS around the hand and the face varied according to their relative positioning and stimuli congruency, whereas the trunk PPS was constant. These results suggest that at least three body-part specific PPS representations exist, differing in extension and directional tuning. These distinct PPS representations, however, are not fully independent from each other, but referenced to the common reference frame of the trunk.
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22
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Effect of sensorial stimulations on postural disturbances related to spatial cognition disorders after stroke. Neurophysiol Clin 2015; 45:297-303. [PMID: 26527133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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23
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Hjelmervik H, Westerhausen R, Hirnstein M, Specht K, Hausmann M. The neural correlates of sex differences in left-right confusion. Neuroimage 2015; 113:196-206. [PMID: 25776218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in left-right discrimination (LRD) are commonly experienced in everyday life situations. Here we investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms of LRD and the specific role of left angular gyrus. Given that previous behavioral research reported women to be more susceptible to left-right confusion, the current study focuses particularly on the neural basis of sex differences in LRD while controlling for potential menstrual cycle effects (repeated measures design). 16 women and 15 men were presented pictures of pointing hands in various orientations (rotated versus non-rotated) and were asked to identify them as left or right hands. Results revealed that LRD was particularly associated with activation in inferior parietal regions, extending into the right angular gyrus. Irrespective of menstrual cycle phase, women, relative to men, recruited more prefrontal areas, suggesting higher top-down control in LRD. For the subset of rotated stimuli as compared to the non-rotated, we found leftward asymmetry for both men and women, although women scored significantly lower. We conclude that there are sex differences in the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying LRD. Although the angular gyrus is involved in LRD, several other parietal areas are at least as critical. Moreover, the hypothesis that more left-right confusion is due to more bilateral activation (in women) can be rejected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Hjelmervik
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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24
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Boskovic Z, Alfonsi F, Rumballe BA, Fonseka S, Windels F, Coulson EJ. The role of p75NTR in cholinergic basal forebrain structure and function. J Neurosci 2014; 34:13033-8. [PMID: 25253850 PMCID: PMC6608337 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2364-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) in adult cholinergic basal forebrain (cBF) neurons is unclear due to conflicting results from previous studies and to limitations of existing p75(NTR)-knock-out mouse models. In the present study we used a novel conditional knock-out line (ChAT-cre p75(in/in)) to assess the role of p75(NTR) in the cBF by eliminating p75(NTR) in choline acetyl-transferase-expressing cells. We show that the absence of p75(NTR) results in a lasting increase in cBF cell number, cell size, and cholinergic innervation to the cortex. Analysis of adult ChAT-cre p75(in/in) mice revealed that mutant animals show a similar loss of cBF neurons with age to that observed in wild-type animals, indicating that p75(NTR) does not play a significant role in mediating this age-related decline in cBF neuronal number. However, the increased cholinergic axonal innervation of the cortex, but not the hippocampus, corresponded to alterations in idiothetic but not allothetic navigation. These findings support a role for p75(NTR)-mediated regulation of cholinergic-dependent cognitive function, and suggest that the variability in previous reports of cBF neuron number may stem from limited spatial and temporal control of p75(NTR) expression in existing knock-out models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Boskovic
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabienne Alfonsi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bree A Rumballe
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sachini Fonseka
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Francois Windels
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Coulson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
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