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Jeong GH, Nam MK, Hur W, Heo S, Lee S, Choi E, Park JH, Park Y, Kim WU, Rhim H, Yoo SA. Role of high-temperature requirement serine protease A 2 in rheumatoid inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:96. [PMID: 37287073 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-temperature requirement serine protease A 2 (HtrA2) is known to be involved in growth, unfolded protein response to stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, whether HtrA2 controls inflammation and immune response remains elusive. METHODS Expression of HtrA2 in the synovial tissue of patients was examined using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the concentrations of HtrA2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Synoviocyte survival was assessed by MTT assay. For the downregulation of HtrA2 transcripts, cells were transfected with HtrA2 siRNA. RESULTS We found that the concentration of HtrA2 was elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid (SF) than in osteoarthritis (OA) SF, and its concentrations were correlated with the number of immune cells in the RA SF. Interestingly, HtrA2 levels in the SF of RA patients were elevated in proportion to synovitis severity and correlated with the expression of proinflammation cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2. In addition, HtrA2 was highly expressed in RA synovium and primary synoviocytes. RA synoviocytes released HtrA2 when stimulated with ER stress inducers. Knockdown of HtrA2 inhibited the IL1β-, TNFα-, and LPS-induced release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by RA synoviocytes. CONCLUSION HtrA2 is a novel inflammatory mediator and a potential target for the development of an anti-inflammation therapy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Heon Jeong
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Nam
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonhee Hur
- Division of Chronic Viral Diseases, Center for Emerging Virus Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seolhee Heo
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saseong Lee
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunbyeol Choi
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Youngjae Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyangshuk Rhim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Yoo
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Behl T, Kaur G, Sehgal A, Bhardwaj S, Singh S, Buhas C, Judea-Pusta C, Uivarosan D, Munteanu MA, Bungau S. Multifaceted Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031413. [PMID: 33573368 PMCID: PMC7866808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the pathological condition, in which the nervous system or neuron loses its structure, function, or both, leading to progressive degeneration or the death of neurons, and well-defined associations of tissue system, resulting in clinical manifestations. Neuroinflammation has been shown to precede neurodegeneration in several neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). No drug is yet known to delay or treat neurodegeneration. Although the etiology and potential causes of NDs remain widely indefinable, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) evidently have a crucial role in the progression of NDs. MMPs, a protein family of zinc (Zn2+)-containing endopeptidases, are pivotal agents that are involved in various biological and pathological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The current review delineates the several emerging evidence demonstrating the effects of MMPs in the progression of NDs, wherein they regulate several processes, such as (neuro)inflammation, microglial activation, amyloid peptide degradation, blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, dopaminergic apoptosis, and α-synuclein modulation, leading to neurotoxicity and neuron death. Published papers to date were searched via PubMed, MEDLINE, etc., while using selective keywords highlighted in our manuscript. We also aim to shed a light on pathophysiological effect of MMPs in the CNS and focus our attention on its detrimental and beneficial effects in NDs, with a special focus on Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Huntington's disease (HD), and discussed various therapeutic strategies targeting MMPs, which could serve as potential modulators in NDs. Over time, several agents have been developed in order to overcome challenges and open up the possibilities for making selective modulators of MMPs to decipher the multifaceted functions of MMPs in NDs. There is still a greater need to explore them in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh 140401, Punjab, India; (G.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.); Tel.: +40-726-776-588 (S.B.)
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh 140401, Punjab, India; (G.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh 140401, Punjab, India; (G.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Shaveta Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacology, GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana 141104, Punjab, India;
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh 140401, Punjab, India; (G.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Camelia Buhas
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (C.B.); (C.J.-P.)
| | - Claudia Judea-Pusta
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (C.B.); (C.J.-P.)
| | - Diana Uivarosan
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Mihai Alexandru Munteanu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.); Tel.: +40-726-776-588 (S.B.)
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3
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Augusto RL, Mendonça IP, de Albuquerque Rego GN, Pereira DD, da Penha Gonçalves LV, Dos Santos ML, de Souza RF, Moreno GMM, Cardoso PRG, de Souza Andrade D, da Silva-Júnior JC, Pereira MC, Peixoto CA, Medeiros-Linard CFB, de Souza IA, Andrade-da-Costa BLDS. Purified anacardic acids exert multiple neuroprotective effects in pesticide model of Parkinson's disease: in vivo and in silico analysis. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1765-1779. [PMID: 32449271 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by environmental toxins involves a multifactorial cascade of harmful factors, thus motivating the search for therapeutic agents able to act on the greatest number of molecular targets. This study evaluated the efficacy of 50 mg/kg purified anacardic acids (AAs), isolated from cashew nut shell liquid, on multiple steps of oxidative stress and inflammation induced by rotenone in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum. Adult mice were divided into four groups: Control, rotenone, AAs + rotenone, and AAs alone. Lipoperoxidation, nitric oxide (NO) levels, and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized gluthatione (GSSG) ratio were evaluated. NF-kB-p65, pro-IL-1β, cleaved IL-1β, metalloproteinase-9, Tissue Inhibitory Factor-1 (TIMP-1), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels were assessed by Western blot. In silico studies were also made using the SwissADME web tool. Rotenone increased lipoperoxidation and NO production and reduced TH levels and GSH/GSSG ratio in both SN and striatum. It also enhanced NF-kB-p65, pro, and cleaved IL-1β, MMP-9, GFAP levels compared to control and AAs groups. The AAs alone reduced pro-IL-1β in the striatum while they augmented TIMP1 and reduced MMP-9 amounts in both regions. AAs reversed rotenone-induced effects on lipoperoxidation, NO production, and GSH/GSSG ratio, as well as increased TH and attenuated pro-IL-1β and MMP-9 levels in both regions, NF-kB-p65 in the SN and GFAP in the striatum. Altogether, the in vivo and in silico analysis reinforced multiple and defined molecular targets of AAs, identifying that they are promising neuroprotective drug candidates for PD, acting against oxidative and inflammatory conditions induced by rotenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricielle L Augusto
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ingrid P Mendonça
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Entomologia, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães-FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Neuroimunomodulação (NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle D Pereira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Maria L Dos Santos
- Instituto de Química, Divisão de Química orgânica, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Raphael F de Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, UFS, São Cristóvam, Brazil
| | - Giselle M M Moreno
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Pablo R G Cardoso
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Souza Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - José C da Silva-Júnior
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Michelly C Pereira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Christina A Peixoto
- Departamento de Entomologia, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães-FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Neuroimunomodulação (NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ivone A de Souza
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Tronel C, Largeau B, Santiago Ribeiro MJ, Guilloteau D, Dupont AC, Arlicot N. Molecular Targets for PET Imaging of Activated Microglia: The Current Situation and Future Expectations. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040802. [PMID: 28398245 PMCID: PMC5412386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, as cellular mediators of neuroinflammation, are implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of microglia has matured over the last 20 years, through the development of radiopharmaceuticals targeting several molecular biomarkers of microglial activation and, among these, mainly the translocator protein-18 kDa (TSPO). Nevertheless, current limitations of TSPO as a PET microglial biomarker exist, such as low brain density, even in a neurodegenerative setting, expression by other cells than the microglia (astrocytes, peripheral macrophages in the case of blood brain barrier breakdown), genetic polymorphism, inducing a variation for most of TSPO PET radiopharmaceuticals’ binding affinity, or similar expression in activated microglia regardless of its polarization (pro- or anti-inflammatory state), and these limitations narrow its potential interest. We overview alternative molecular targets, for which dedicated radiopharmaceuticals have been proposed, including receptors (purinergic receptors P2X7, cannabinoid receptors, α7 and α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, adenosine 2A receptor, folate receptor β) and enzymes (cyclooxygenase, nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinase, β-glucuronidase, and enzymes of the kynurenine pathway), with a particular focus on their respective contribution for the understanding of microglial involvement in neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss opportunities for these potential molecular targets for PET imaging regarding their selectivity for microglia expression and polarization, in relation to the mechanisms by which microglia actively participate in both toxic and neuroprotective actions in brain diseases, and then take into account current clinicians’ expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Tronel
- INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnelé, 37032 Tours, France.
| | | | - Maria Joao Santiago Ribeiro
- INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnelé, 37032 Tours, France.
- CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France.
| | - Denis Guilloteau
- INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnelé, 37032 Tours, France.
- CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France.
| | - Anne-Claire Dupont
- INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnelé, 37032 Tours, France.
- CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France.
| | - Nicolas Arlicot
- INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnelé, 37032 Tours, France.
- CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France.
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Rempe RG, Hartz AMS, Bauer B. Matrix metalloproteinases in the brain and blood-brain barrier: Versatile breakers and makers. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1481-507. [PMID: 27323783 PMCID: PMC5012524 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16655551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases are versatile endopeptidases with many different functions in the body in health and disease. In the brain, matrix metalloproteinases are critical for tissue formation, neuronal network remodeling, and blood-brain barrier integrity. Many reviews have been published on matrix metalloproteinases before, most of which focus on the two best studied matrix metalloproteinases, the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their role in one or two diseases. In this review, we provide a broad overview of the role various matrix metalloproteinases play in brain disorders. We summarize and review current knowledge and understanding of matrix metalloproteinases in the brain and at the blood-brain barrier in neuroinflammation, multiple sclerosis, cerebral aneurysms, stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and brain cancer. We discuss the detrimental effects matrix metalloproteinases can have in these conditions, contributing to blood-brain barrier leakage, neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, demyelination, tumor angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. We also discuss the beneficial role matrix metalloproteinases can play in neuroprotection and anti-inflammation. Finally, we address matrix metalloproteinases as potential therapeutic targets. Together, in this comprehensive review, we summarize current understanding and knowledge of matrix metalloproteinases in the brain and at the blood-brain barrier in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf G Rempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Björn Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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6
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Cloning and Transcriptional Activity of the Mouse Omi/HtrA2 Gene Promoter. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010119. [PMID: 26784188 PMCID: PMC4730360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HtrA serine peptidase 2 (HtrA2), also named Omi, is a pro-apoptotic protein that exhibits dramatic changes in expression levels in a variety of disorders, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, cancer, and neurodegeneration. In our study, Omi/HtrA2 protein levels were high in the heart, brain, kidney and liver, with elevated heart/brain expression in aging mice. A similar expression pattern was observed at the mRNA level, which suggests that the regulation of Omi/HtrA2 is predominately transcriptional. Promoter binding by transcription factors is the main influencing factor of transcription, and to identify specific promoter elements that contribute to the differential expression of mouse Omi/HtrA2, we constructed truncated Omi/HtrA2 promoter/luciferase reporter vectors and analyzed their relative luciferase activity; it was greatest in the promoter regions at -1205~-838 bp and -146~+93 bp, with the -838~-649 bp region exhibiting negative regulatory activity. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the Omi/HtrA2 gene promoter contains a CpG island at -709~+37 bp, and eight heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) sites, two Sp1 transcription factor (SP1)sites, one activator protein (AP) site, seven p53 sites, and four YY1 transcription factor(YY1) sites were predicted in the core areas. Furthermore, we found that p53 and HSF1 specifically binds to the Omi/HtrA2 promoter using chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. These results provide a foundation for understanding Omi/HtrA2 regulatory mechanisms, which could further understanding of HtrA-associated diseases.
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Singh D, Srivastava SK, Chaudhuri TK, Upadhyay G. Multifaceted role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:19. [PMID: 25988186 PMCID: PMC4429632 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a large family of calcium-dependent zinc-containing endopeptidases, are involved in the tissue remodeling and degradation of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are widely distributed in the brain and regulate various processes including microglial activation, inflammation, dopaminergic apoptosis, blood-brain barrier disruption, and modulation of α-synuclein pathology. High expression of MMPs is well documented in various neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Japanese encephalitis (JE), and Glaucoma. Although potentially critical, the role of MMPs in neuronal disorders is under-investigated. The present review summarizes the role of MMPs in neurodegeneration with a particular emphasis on PD, AD, JE, and Glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singh
- Department of Biology, City College of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjeev K Srivastava
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal Siliguri, India
| | - Tapas K Chaudhuri
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal Siliguri, India
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Plum S, Steinbach S, Abel L, Marcus K, Helling S, May C. Proteomics in neurodegenerative diseases: Methods for obtaining a closer look at the neuronal proteome. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 9:848-71. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Plum
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center; Funktionelle Proteomik; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - Simone Steinbach
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center; Medical Proteomics/Bioanalytics; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - Laura Abel
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center; Medical Proteomics/Bioanalytics; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center; Funktionelle Proteomik; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - Stefan Helling
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center; Funktionelle Proteomik; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - Caroline May
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center; Medical Proteomics/Bioanalytics; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
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9
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Kim EM, Shin EJ, Lee JA, Son HJ, Choi DH, Han JM, Hwang O. Caspase-9 activation and Apaf-1 cleavage by MMP-3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:563-8. [PMID: 25285627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3) can act inside the cell to trigger apoptosis in response to various cell stresses in dopaminergic neuronal cells. However, the mechanism by which MMP-3 activity leads to caspase-3 activation in apoptotic signaling was not known. In the present study, we found that MMP-3 acts upstream of caspase-9. Overexpression of wild type MMP-3, but not mutant MMP-3, generated the enzymatically active 35kD caspase-9. The caspase-9 activation was absent in MMP-3 knockout cells, but was present when these cells were transfected with wild type MMP-3 cDNA. It was elevated in cells that were under a MMP-3-inducing ER stress condition, and this was attenuated by pharmacologic inhibition and gene knockdown of MMP-3. Incubation of recombinant catalytic domain of MMP-3 (cMMP-3) with procaspase-9 was not sufficient to cause caspase-9 activation, and an additional cytosolic factor was required. cMMP-3 was found to bind to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1, as determined by changes in surface plasmon resonance, and to cleave Apaf-1. Pharmacological inhibition, knockout, and knockdown of MMP-3 attenuated the cleavage. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that MMP-3 leads to caspase-9 activation and suggests that this occurs indirectly via a cytosolic protein, possibly involving Apaf-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mee Kim
- Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan 331-718, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Dysfunction Research Center (CDRC), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Ji Ae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Dysfunction Research Center (CDRC), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Dysfunction Research Center (CDRC), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Dong Hee Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, SMART Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Ji Man Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Dysfunction Research Center (CDRC), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Onyou Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Dysfunction Research Center (CDRC), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea.
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Yan J, Fu Q, Cheng L, Zhai M, Wu W, Huang L, Du G. Inflammatory response in Parkinson's disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2223-33. [PMID: 25215472 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common age‑related neurodegenerative diseases, which results from a number of environmental and inherited factors. PD is characterized by the slow progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. The nigrostriatal DA neurons are particularly vulnerable to inflammatory attack. Neuroinflammation is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of age‑related neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD, and as such anti‑inflammatory agents are becoming a novel therapeutic focus. This review will discuss the current knowledge regarding inflammation and review the roles of intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways, which are specific inflammatory mediators in PD. Finally, possible therapeutic strategies are proposed, which may downregulate inflammatory processes and inhibit the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Qizhi Fu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Liniu Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Zhai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Lina Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Ganqin Du
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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Kim YS, Joh TH. Matrix metalloproteinases, new insights into the understanding of neurodegenerative disorders. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 20:133-43. [PMID: 24116286 PMCID: PMC3792209 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a subfamily of zinc-dependent proteases that are responsible for degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix proteins. The activity of MMPs is tightly regulated at several levels including cleavage of prodomain, allosteric activation, compartmentalization and complex formation with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In the central nervous system (CNS), MMPs play a wide variety of roles ranging from brain development, synaptic plasticity and repair after injury to the pathogenesis of various brain disorders. Following general discussion on the domain structure and the regulation of activity of MMPs, we emphasize their implication in various brain disorder conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion and Parkinson’s disease. We further highlight accumulating evidence that MMPs might be the culprit in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Among them, MMP-3 appears to be involved in a range of pathogenesis processes in PD including neuroinflammation, apoptosis and degradation of α-synuclein and DJ-1. MMP inhibitors could represent potential novel therapeutic strategies for treatments of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Seong Kim
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827
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Patil KS, Basak I, Lee S, Abdullah R, Larsen JP, Møller SG. PARK13 regulates PINK1 and subcellular relocation patterns under oxidative stress in neurons. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1167-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ketan S. Patil
- Department of Biological Sciences; St. John's University; New York New York
| | - Indranil Basak
- Department of Biological Sciences; St. John's University; New York New York
| | - Sungsu Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences; St. John's University; New York New York
| | - Rashed Abdullah
- Department of Biological Sciences; St. John's University; New York New York
| | - Jan Petter Larsen
- Norwegian Center for Movement Disorders; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
| | - Simon Geir Møller
- Department of Biological Sciences; St. John's University; New York New York
- Norwegian Center for Movement Disorders; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
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Neria F, del Carmen Serrano-Perez M, Velasco P, Urso K, Tranque P, Cano E. NFATc3 promotes Ca(2+) -dependent MMP3 expression in astroglial cells. Glia 2013; 61:1052-66. [PMID: 23625833 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+) ]i ) is a key mediator of astrocyte signaling, important for activation of the calcineurin (CN)/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway, a central mediator of inflammatory events. We analyzed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (Mmp3) in response to increases in [Ca(2+) ]i and the role of the CN/NFAT pathway in this regulation. Astrocyte Mmp3 expression was induced by overexpression of a constitutively active form of NFATc3, whereas other MMPs and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) were unaffected. Mmp3 mRNA and protein expression was also induced by calcium ionophore (Io) and 2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl) adenosine 5'-triphosphate (Bz-ATP) and Mmp3 upregulation was prevented by the CN inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA). Ca(2+) -dependent astrocyte Mmp3 expression was also inhibited by actinomycin D, and a Mmp3 promoter luciferase reporter was efficiently activated by increased [Ca(2+) ]i , indicating regulation at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, Ca(2+) /CN/NFAT dependent Mmp3 expression was confirmed in pure astrocyte cultures derived from neural stem cells (Ast-NSC), demonstrating that the induced Mmp3 expression occurs in astrocytes, and not microglial cells. In an in vivo stab-wound model of brain injury, MMP3 expression was detected in NFATc3-positive scar-forming astrocytes. Because [Ca(2+) ]i increase is an early event in most brain injuries, these data support an important role for Ca(2+) /CN/NFAT-induced astrocyte MMP3 expression in the early neuroinflammatory response. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in this regulation could provide novel therapeutic targets and approaches to promoting recovery of the injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Neria
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Área de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Van Hove I, Lemmens K, Van de Velde S, Verslegers M, Moons L. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the central nervous system: a look on the bright side. J Neurochem 2012; 123:203-16. [PMID: 22862420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of proteases involved in many cell-matrix and cell-cell signalling processes through activation, inactivation or release of extracellular matrix (ECM) and non-ECM molecules, such as growth factors and receptors. Uncontrolled MMP activities underlie the pathophysiology of many disorders. Also matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) or stromelysin-1 contributes to several pathologies, such as cancer, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis, and has also been associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. However, based on defined MMP spatiotemporal expression patterns, the identification of novel candidate molecular targets and in vitro and in vivo studies, a beneficial role for MMPs in CNS physiology and recovery is emerging. The main purpose of this review is to shed light on the recently identified roles of MMP-3 in normal brain development and in plasticity and regeneration after CNS injury and disease. As such, MMP-3 is correlated with neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth and guidance in the developing CNS and contributes to synaptic plasticity and learning in the adult CNS. Moreover, a strict spatiotemporal MMP-3 up-regulation in the injured or diseased CNS might support remyelination and neuroprotection, as well as genesis and migration of stem cells in the damaged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Van Hove
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Yadav S, Dixit A, Agrawal S, Singh A, Srivastava G, Singh AK, Srivastava PK, Prakash O, Singh MP. Rodent models and contemporary molecular techniques: notable feats yet incomplete explanations of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 46:495-512. [PMID: 22736079 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models and molecular tools, mainly omics and RNA interference, have been rigorously used to decode the intangible etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although convention of contemporary molecular techniques and multiple rodent models paved imperative leads in deciphering the role of putative causative factors and sequential events leading to PD, complete and clear-cut mechanisms of pathogenesis are still hard to pin down. The current article reviews the implications and pros and cons of rodent models and molecular tools in understanding the molecular and cellular bases of PD pathogenesis based on the existing literature. Probable rationales for short of comprehensive leads and future possibilities in spite of the extensive applications of molecular tools and rodent models have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharawan Yadav
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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