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Wu Z, Feng K, Huang J, Ye X, Yang R, Huang Q, Jiang Q. Brain region changes following a spinal cord injury. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105696. [PMID: 38354751 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Brain-related complications are common in clinical practice after spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the molecular mechanisms of these complications are still unclear. Here, we reviewed the changes in the brain regions caused by SCI from three perspectives: imaging, molecular analysis, and electrophysiology. Imaging studies revealed abnormal functional connectivity, gray matter volume atrophy, and metabolic abnormalities in brain regions after SCI, leading to changes in the structure and function of brain regions. At the molecular level, chemokines, inflammatory factors, and damage-associated molecular patterns produced in the injured area were retrogradely transmitted through the corticospinal tract, cerebrospinal fluid, or blood circulation to the specific brain area to cause pathologic changes. Electrophysiologic recordings also suggested abnormal changes in brain electrical activity after SCI. Transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and deep brain stimulation alleviated pain and improved motor function in patients with SCI; therefore, transcranial therapy may be a new strategy for the treatment of patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16th Mei-guan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Kaiming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16th Mei-guan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jinqing Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16th Mei-guan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xinyun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16th Mei-guan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16th Mei-guan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Qianliang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16th Mei-guan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Qiuhua Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16th Mei-guan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Specific Activation of Yamanaka Factors via HSF1 Signaling in the Early Stage of Zebrafish Optic Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043253. [PMID: 36834675 PMCID: PMC9961437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the case in mammals, the fish optic nerve can spontaneously regenerate and visual function can be fully restored 3-4 months after optic nerve injury (ONI). However, the regenerative mechanism behind this has remained unknown. This long process is reminiscent of the normal development of the visual system from immature neural cells to mature neurons. Here, we focused on the expression of three Yamanaka factors (Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4: OSK), which are well-known inducers of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in the zebrafish retina after ONI. mRNA expression of OSK was rapidly induced in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) 1-3 h after ONI. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) mRNA was most rapidly induced in the RGCs at 0.5 h. The activation of OSK mRNA was completely suppressed by the intraocular injection of HSF1 morpholino prior to ONI. Furthermore, the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed the enrichment of OSK genomic DNA bound to HSF1. The present study clearly showed that the rapid activation of Yamanaka factors in the zebrafish retina was regulated by HSF1, and this sequential activation of HSF1 and OSK might provide a key to unlocking the regenerative mechanism of injured RGCs in fish.
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Shen WY, Fu XH, Cai J, Li WC, Fan BY, Pang YL, Zhao CX, Abula M, Kong XH, Yao X, Feng SQ. Identification of key genes involved in recovery from spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1334-1342. [PMID: 34782579 PMCID: PMC8643032 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are an effective vertebrate model to study the mechanisms underlying recovery after spinal cord injury. The subacute phase after spinal cord injury is critical to the recovery of neurological function, which involves tissue bridging and axon regeneration. In this study, we found that zebrafish spontaneously recovered 44% of their swimming ability within the subacute phase (2 weeks) after spinal cord injury. During this period, we identified 7762 differentially expressed genes in spinal cord tissue: 2950 were up-regulated and 4812 were down-regulated. These differentially expressed genes were primarily concentrated in the biological processes of the respiratory chain, axon regeneration, and cell-component morphogenesis. The genes were also mostly involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, the cell cycle, and gene-regulation pathways. We verified the gene expression of two differentially expressed genes, clasp2 up-regulation and h1m down-regulation, in zebrafish spinal cord tissue in vitro. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that up-regulated clasp2 functions similarly to microtubule-associated protein, which is responsible for axon extension regulated by microtubules. Down-regulated h1m controls endogenous stem cell differentiation after spinal cord injury. This study provides new candidate genes, clasp2 and h1m, as potential therapeutic intervention targets for spinal cord injury repair by neuroregeneration. All experimental procedures and protocols were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences (approval No. IMPS-EAEP-Q-2019-02) on September 24, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Shen
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan-Hao Fu
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Chang Li
- Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Bao-You Fan
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Lin Pang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhao
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Muhtidir Abula
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Xue Yao
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Li JH, Shi ZJ, Li Y, Pan B, Yuan SY, Shi LL, Hao Y, Cao FJ, Feng SQ. Bioinformatic identification of key candidate genes and pathways in axon regeneration after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:103-111. [PMID: 31535658 PMCID: PMC6862403 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.264460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish and human genomes are highly homologous; however, despite this genomic similarity, adult zebrafish can achieve neuronal proliferation, regeneration and functional restoration within 6–8 weeks after spinal cord injury, whereas humans cannot. To analyze differentially expressed zebrafish genes between axon-regenerated neurons and axon-non-regenerated neurons after spinal cord injury, and to explore the key genes and pathways of axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury, microarray GSE56842 was analyzed using the online tool, GEO2R, in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction networks were used to analyze the identified differentially expressed genes. Finally, we screened for genes and pathways that may play a role in spinal cord injury repair in zebrafish and mammals. A total of 636 differentially expressed genes were obtained, including 255 up-regulated and 381 down-regulated differentially expressed genes in axon-regenerated neurons. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment results were also obtained. A protein-protein interaction network contained 480 node genes and 1976 node connections. We also obtained the 10 hub genes with the highest correlation and the two modules with the highest score. The results showed that spectrin may promote axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Transforming growth factor beta signaling may inhibit repair after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Focal adhesion or tight junctions may play an important role in the migration and proliferation of some cells, such as Schwann cells or neural progenitor cells, after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Bioinformatic analysis identified key candidate genes and pathways in axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury in zebrafish, providing targets for treatment of spinal cord injury in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-He Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-Ju Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi-Yang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin-Lin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fu-Jiang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
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Gavilan J, Mennickent D, Ramirez-Molina O, Triviño S, Perez C, Silva-Grecchi T, Godoy PA, Becerra J, Aguayo LG, Moraga-Cid G, Martin VS, Yevenes GE, Castro PA, Guzman L, Fuentealba J. 17 Oxo Sparteine and Lupanine, Obtained from Cytisus scoparius, Exert a Neuroprotection against Soluble Oligomers of Amyloid-β Toxicity by Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:343-356. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Gavilan
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela Mennickent
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Oscar Ramirez-Molina
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Sergio Triviño
- Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Perez
- Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Tiare Silva-Grecchi
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela A. Godoy
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Jose Becerra
- Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis G. Aguayo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Gustavo Moraga-Cid
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Victoria San Martin
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo E. Yevenes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio A. Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Leonardo Guzman
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones Avanzadas en Biomedicina-U. de Concepcion (CIAB UdeC), Chile
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6
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Tazaki Y, Sugitani K, Ogai K, Kobayashi I, Kawasaki H, Aoyama T, Suzuki N, Tabuchi Y, Hattori A, Kitamura KI. RANKL, Ephrin-Eph and Wnt10b are key intercellular communication molecules regulating bone remodeling in autologous transplanted goldfish scales. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 225:46-58. [PMID: 29886255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the precise data of gene expression, functions, and chronological relationships amongst communication molecules involved in the bone remodeling process with an in vivo model using autologous transplanted scales of goldfish. Autotransplantation of methanol-fixed cell-free scales triggers scale resorption and regeneration, as well as helps elucidate the process of bone remodeling. We investigated osteoclastic markers, osteoblastic markers, and gene expressions of communicating molecules (RANKL, ephrinB2, EphB4, EphA4, Wnt10b) by qPCR, in situ hybridization for Wnt10b, and immunohistochemistry for EphrinB2 and EphA4 proteins to elucidate the bone remodeling process. Furthermore, functional inhibition experiments for the signaling of ephrinB2/Eph, ephrin/EphA4, and Wnt10b using specific antibodies, revealed that these proteins are involved in key signaling pathways promoting normal bone remodeling. Our data suggests that the remodeling process comprises of two successive phases. In the first absorption phase, differentiation of osteoclast progenitors by RANKL is followed by the bone absorption by mature, active osteoclasts, with the simultaneous induction of osteoblast progenitors by multinucleated osteoclast-derived Wnt10b, and proliferation of osteoblast precursors by ehprinB2/EphB4 signaling. Subsequently, during the second formation phase, termination of bone resorption by synergistic cooperation occurs, with downregulation of RANKL expression in activated osteoblasts and Ephrin/EphA4-mediated mutual inhibition between neighboring multinucleated osteoclasts, along with simultaneous activation of osteoblasts via forward and reverse EphrinB2/EphB4 signaling between neighboring osteoblasts. In addition, the present study shows that autologous transplantation of methanol-fixed cell-free scale is an ideal in vivo model to study bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tazaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan; Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa University Hospital, Takara-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kayo Sugitani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogai
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Haruki Kawasaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Takafumi Aoyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Kitamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan.
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Alternative Splicing for Activation of Coagulation Factor XIII-A in the Fish Retina After Optic Nerve Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1074:387-393. [PMID: 29721968 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Factor XIII-A (FXIII-A), which has become known as cellular transglutaminase, plays important roles in mediating cross-linking reactions in various tissues. FXIII-A acts as one of the regeneration molecules in the fish retina and optic nerve after optic nerve injury and becomes activated at the site of injury within a few hours. Previous research has shown that activated FXIII-A induces neurite outgrowth from injured retinal ganglion cells and supports elongation of the regenerating optic nerve. However, the activation mechanism of FXIII-A remains unknown. Furthermore, the injured tissues do not express thrombin, a known activator of plasma FXIII. Here, we investigated the mRNA expression of FXIII-A based on two different regions, one encoding the activation peptide and the other encoding the enzymatic active site. We found that expression of the region encoding the activation peptide was markedly suppressed compared with the region encoding the active site. An overexpression study with a short-type FXIII-A cDNA lacking the activation peptide revealed induction of long neurite outgrowth in fish retinal explant cultures compared with full-length FXIII-A cDNA. The present findings suggest that alternative splicing may occur in the FXIII-A gene, resulting in deletion of the region encoding the activation peptide and thus allowing direct production of activated FXIII-A protein in the fish retina and optic nerve after optic nerve injury.
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A novel function of neuroglobin for neuroregeneration in mice after optic nerve injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1254-1259. [PMID: 28951213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a recently discovered heme protein in the vertebrate brain that can bind to oxygen molecules. Mammalian Ngb plays a crucial role in neuroprotection under conditions of oxidative stress. To investigate other potential functions of Ngb, we investigated the mouse retinal Ngb system following optic nerve injury. In the retina of control mice, Ngb immunoreactivity was limited to the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer, and this immunoreactivity rapidly decreased to less than 50% of the control level 5 days after optic nerve injury. On the basis of this decrease, we designed in vivo experiments with enhanced expression of Ngb using adult mouse retina. The enhanced expression of Ngb was achieved by injecting chimeric human Ngb protein, which included the cell membrane-penetrating module of fish Ngb. One-day pretreatment with chimeric Ngb increased immunoreactivity levels of Ngb two-fold in mouse RGCs and increased the number of surviving RGCs three-fold by 14 days after optic nerve injury compared with vehicle controls. Furthermore, in the mouse retinas showing enhanced Ngb expression, several regenerating central optic axons exhibited outgrowth and were found to pass through the nerve crush site 14 days after nerve injury. No such regenerating optic axons were observed in the control mouse optic nerve during the same time frame. The data obtained from in vivo experiments strongly indicate that mammalian Ngb has neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties.
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Huang SB, Zhao HD, Wang LF, Sun MF, Zhu YL, Wu YB, Xu YD, Peng SX, Cui C, Shen YQ. Intradiencephalon injection of histamine inhibited the recovery of locomotor function of spinal cord injured zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:275-280. [PMID: 28559136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human spinal cord injury (SCI) usually causes irreversible disability beneath the injured site due to poor neural regeneration. On the contrary, zebrafish show significant regenerative ability after SCI, thus is usually worked as an animal model for studying neuroregeneration. Most of the previous SCI studies focused on the local site of SCI, the supraspinal-derived signals were rarely mentioned. Here we showed that intradiencephalon injection of histamine (HA) inhibited the locomotor recovery in adult zebrafish post-SCI. Immunofluorescence results showed that intradiencephalon HA administration increased the activated microglia 3 days post injury (dpi), promoted the proliferation of radial glial cells at 7 dpi and affected the morphology of radial glial cells at 11 dpi. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that intradiencephalon HA administration also reduced the expression of neurotrophic factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-1) at the lesion site, however, had no effect on the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. Hence, our data suggested that exogenous intradiencephalon HA retarded locomotor recovery in spinal cord injured zebrafish via modulating the repair microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Bing Huang
- Neuroscience Center, Jiangnan University Medical School, Wuxi, China
| | - Hou-De Zhao
- Neuroscience Center, Jiangnan University Medical School, Wuxi, China
| | - Lin-Fang Wang
- Neuroscience Center, Jiangnan University Medical School, Wuxi, China
| | - Meng-Fei Sun
- Neuroscience Center, Jiangnan University Medical School, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying-Li Zhu
- Neuroscience Center, Jiangnan University Medical School, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wu
- Neuroscience Center, Jiangnan University Medical School, Wuxi, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi-Da Xu
- Neuroscience Center, Jiangnan University Medical School, Wuxi, China
| | - Shi-Xiao Peng
- Neuroscience Center, Jiangnan University Medical School, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun Cui
- Neuroscience Center, Jiangnan University Medical School, Wuxi, China.
| | - Yan-Qin Shen
- Neuroscience Center, Jiangnan University Medical School, Wuxi, China.
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Lim FT, Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Association between apoptotic neural tissue and cell proliferation in the adult teleost brain. Brain Res 2016; 1650:60-72. [PMID: 27568467 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Injury to neuronal tissues in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals results in neural degeneration and sometime leads to loss of function, whereas fish retain a remarkable potential for neuro-regeneration throughout life. Thus, understanding the mechanism of neuro-regeneration in fish CNS would be useful to improve the poor neuro-regenerative capability in mammals. In the present study, we characterized a neuro-regenerative process in the brain of a cichlid, tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Morphological observations showed that the damaged brain region (habenula) successfully regrew and reinnervated axonal projections by 60 days post-damage. A fluorescent carbocyanine tracer, DiI tracing revealed a recovery of the major neuronal projection from the regenerated habenula to the interpenduncular nucleus by 60 days post-damage. TUNEL assay showed a significant increase of apoptotic cells (~234%, P<0.01) at one day post-damage, while the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive proliferative cells were significantly increased (~92%, P<0.05) at 7 days post-damage compared with sham-control fish. To demonstrate a potential role of apoptotic activity in the neuro-regeneration, effects of degenerative neural tissue on cell proliferation were examined in vivo. Implantation of detached neural but not non-neural tissues into the cranial cavity significantly (P<0.01) increased the number of BrdU-positive cells nearby the implantation regions at 3 days after the implantation. Furthermore, local injection of the protein extract and cerebrospinal fluid collected from injured fish brain significantly induced cell proliferation in the brain. These results suggest that factor(s) derived from apoptotic neural cells may play a critical role in the neuro-regeneration in teleost brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tieng Lim
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Calpain inhibitor attenuates ER stress-induced apoptosis in injured spinal cord after bone mesenchymal stem cells transplantation. Neurochem Int 2016; 97:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Ogai K, Hisano S, Sugitani K, Koriyama Y, Kato S. Cell Fate of Müller Cells During Photoreceptor Regeneration in an N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea-Induced Retinal Degeneration Model of Zebrafish. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 854:685-92. [PMID: 26427476 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish can regenerate several organs such as the tail fin, heart, central nervous system, and photoreceptors. Very recently, a study has demonstrated the photoreceptor regeneration in the alkylating agent N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced retinal degeneration (RD) zebrafish model, in which whole photoreceptors are lost within a week after MNU treatment and then regenerated within a month. The research has also shown massive proliferation of Müller cells within a week. To address the question of whether proliferating Müller cells are the source of regenerating photoreceptors, which remains unknown in the MNU-induced zebrafish RD model, we employed a BrdU pulse-chase technique to label the proliferating cells within a week after MNU treatment. As a result of the BrdU pulse-chase technique, a number of BrdU(+) cells were observed in the outer nuclear layer as well as the inner nuclear layer. This implies that regenerating photoreceptors are derived from proliferating Müller cells in the zebrafish MNU-induced RD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ogai
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medial, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, 920-0942, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Suguru Hisano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, 920-0942, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Kayo Sugitani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, 920-0942, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Koriyama
- Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki, 513-8670, Suzuka, Mie, Japan.
| | - Satoru Kato
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan.
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13
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Stil A, Drapeau P. Neuronal labeling patterns in the spinal cord of adult transgenic Zebrafish. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 76:642-60. [PMID: 26408263 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We describe neuronal patterns in the spinal cord of adult zebrafish. We studied the distribution of cells and processes in the three spinal regions reported in the literature: the 8th vertebra used as a transection injury site, the 15th vertebra mainly used for motor cell recordings and also for crush injury, and the 24th vertebra used to record motor nerve activity. We used well-known transgenic lines in which expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) is driven by promoters to hb9 and isl1 in motoneurons, alx/chx10 and evx1 interneurons, ngn1 in sensory neurons and olig2 in oligodendrocytes, as well as antibodies for neurons (HuC/D, NF and SV2) and glia (GFAP). In isl1:GFP fish, GFP-positive processes are retained in the upper part of ventral horns and two subsets of cell bodies are observed. The pattern of the transgene in hb9:GFP adults is more diffuse and fibers are present broadly through the adult spinal cord. In alx/chx10 and evx1 lines we respectively observed two and three different GFP-positive populations. Finally, the ngn1:GFP transgene identifies dorsal root ganglion and some cells in dorsal horns. Interestingly some GFP positive fibers in ngn1:GFP fish are located around Mauthner axons and their density seems to be related to a rostrocaudal gradient. Many other cell types have been described in embryos and need to be studied in adults. Our findings provide a reference for further studies on spinal cytoarchitecture. Combined with physiological, histological and pathological/traumatic approaches, these studies will help clarify the operation of spinal locomotor circuits of adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Stil
- Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM) and Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 0A9
| | - Pierre Drapeau
- Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM) and Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 0A9
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14
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Function of Sox2 in ependymal cells of lesioned spinal cords in adult zebrafish. Neurosci Res 2014; 88:84-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Ogai K, Kuwana A, Hisano S, Nagashima M, Koriyama Y, Sugitani K, Mawatari K, Nakashima H, Kato S. Upregulation of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) during the early stage of optic nerve regeneration in zebrafish. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106010. [PMID: 25162623 PMCID: PMC4146584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can regenerate their axons after optic nerve injury, whereas mammalian RGCs normally fail to do so. Interleukin 6 (IL-6)-type cytokines are involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and axon regrowth; thus, they may play a role in the regeneration of zebrafish RGCs after injury. In this study, we assessed the expression of IL-6-type cytokines and found that one of them, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is upregulated in zebrafish RGCs at 3 days post-injury (dpi). We then demonstrated the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a downstream target of LIF, at 3–5 dpi. To determine the function of LIF, we performed a LIF knockdown experiment using LIF-specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (LIF MOs). LIF MOs, which were introduced into zebrafish RGCs via a severed optic nerve, reduced the expression of LIF and abrogated the activation of STAT3 in RGCs after injury. These results suggest that upregulated LIF drives Janus kinase (Jak)/STAT3 signaling in zebrafish RGCs after nerve injury. In addition, the LIF knockdown impaired axon sprouting in retinal explant culture invitro; reduced the expression of a regeneration-associated molecule, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43); and delayed functional recovery after optic nerve injury invivo. In this study, we comprehensively demonstrate the beneficial role of LIF in optic nerve regeneration and functional recovery in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ogai
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kuwana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Suguru Hisano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mikiko Nagashima
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Koriyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Kayo Sugitani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mawatari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Kato
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Vajn K, Suler D, Plunkett JA, Oudega M. Temporal profile of endogenous anatomical repair and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105857. [PMID: 25157957 PMCID: PMC4144916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerated cerebrospinal axons are considered to be involved in the spontaneous recovery of swimming ability following a spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish. We employed behavioral analysis, neuronal tracing, and immunocytochemistry to determine the exact temporal relationship between swimming ability and regenerated cerebrospinal axon number in adult zebrafish with a complete spinal cord transection. Between two and eight weeks post-lesion, swimming gradually improved to 44% of sham-injured zebrafish. Neurons within the reticular formation, magnocellular octaval nucleus, and nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle grew their axon across and at least four millimeters beyond the lesion. The largest increases in swimming ability and number of regenerated cerebrospinal axons were observed between two and four weeks post-lesion. Regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between swimming ability and the number of regenerated axons. Our results indicate the involvement of cerebrospinal axons in swimming recovery after spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Vajn
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Denis Suler
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeffery A. Plunkett
- School of Science Technology and Engineering Management, St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens, Florida, United States of America
| | - Martin Oudega
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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17
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Zhao W, Xu D, Cai G, Zhu X, Qian M, Liu W, Cui Z. Spatiotemporal pattern of RNA-binding motif protein 3 expression after spinal cord injury in rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:491-9. [PMID: 24570111 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) belongs to a very small group of cold inducible proteins with anti-apoptotic and proliferative functions. To elucidate the expression and possible function of RBM3 in central nervous system (CNS) lesion and repair, we performed a spinal cord injury (SCI) model in adult rats. Western blot analysis revealed that RBM3 level significantly increased at 1 day after damage, and then declined during the following days. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed that RBM3 immunoactivity was expressed at low levels in gray and white matters in normal condition and increased at 1 day after SCI. Besides, double immunofluorescence staining showed RBM3 was primarily expressed in the neurons and a few of astrocytes in the normal group. While after injury, the expression of RBM3 increased both in neurons and astrocytes at 1 day. We also examined the expression profiles of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and active caspase-3 in injured spinal cords by western blot. Importantly, double immunofluorescence staining revealed that cell proliferation evaluated by PCNA appeared in many RBM3-expressing cells and rare caspase-3 was observed in RBM3-expressing cells at 1 day after injury. Our data suggested that RBM3 might play important roles in CNS pathophysiology after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
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18
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Unguez GA. Electric fish: new insights into conserved processes of adult tissue regeneration. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:2478-86. [PMID: 23761473 PMCID: PMC3680508 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.082396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biology is replete with examples of regeneration, the process that allows animals to replace or repair cells, tissues and organs. As on land, vertebrates in aquatic environments experience the occurrence of injury with varying frequency and to different degrees. Studies demonstrate that ray-finned fishes possess a very high capacity to regenerate different tissues and organs when they are adults. Among fishes that exhibit robust regenerative capacities are the neotropical electric fishes of South America (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes). Specifically, adult gymnotiform electric fishes can regenerate injured brain and spinal cord tissues and restore amputated body parts repeatedly. We have begun to identify some aspects of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tail regeneration in the weakly electric fish Sternopygus macrurus (long-tailed knifefish) with a focus on regeneration of skeletal muscle and the muscle-derived electric organ. Application of in vivo microinjection techniques and generation of myogenic stem cell markers are beginning to overcome some of the challenges owing to the limitations of working with non-genetic animal models with extensive regenerative capacity. This review highlights some aspects of tail regeneration in S. macrurus and discusses the advantages of using gymnotiform electric fishes to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that produce new cells during regeneration in adult vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela A Unguez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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