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Nakano M, Tsuchida T, Mitsuishi Y, Nishimura M. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation induces BACE1 transcription via the phosphorylation and stabilization of nuclear SP1. Neurosci Res 2024; 203:28-41. [PMID: 38110001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that cigarette smoking increases the risk of Alzheimer disease. However, inconsistent results have been reported regarding the effects of smoking or nicotine on brain amyloid β (Aβ) deposition. In this study, we found that stimulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) increased Aβ production in mouse brains and cultured neuronal cells. nAChR activation triggered the MEK/ERK pathway, which then phosphorylated and stabilized nuclear SP1. Upregulated SP1 acted on two recognition motifs in the BACE1 gene to induce its transcription, resulting in enhanced Aβ production. Mouse brain microdialysis revealed that nAChR agonists increased Aβ levels in the interstitial fluid of the cerebral cortex but caused no delay of Aβ clearance. In vitro assays indicated that nicotine inhibited Aβ aggregation. We also found that nicotine modified the immunoreactivity of anti-Aβ antibodies, possibly through competitive inhibition and Aβ conformation changes. Using anti-Aβ antibody that was carefully selected to avoid these effects, we found that chronic nicotine treatment in Aβ precursor protein knockin mice increased the Aβ content but did not visibly change the aggregated Aβ deposition in the brain. Thus, nicotine influences brain Aβ deposition in the opposite direction, thereby increasing Aβ production and inhibiting Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nakano
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Tsuchida
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yachiyo Mitsuishi
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishimura
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Department of Neurology, Yoka Municipal Hospital, Hyogo 667-8555, Japan.
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Inhibited Expression of α 4β 2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Blood Leukocytes of Chinese Patients with Vascular Dementia and in Blood Leukocytes as Well as the Hippocampus of Brain from Ischemic Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:1377-1387. [PMID: 26858154 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Our present aim was to investigate whether changes in the expression of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in patients with vascular dementia (VaD) and ischemic rats are related to cognitive scores. Blood leukocytes for 59 Chinese patients with VaD (diagnosed on the basis of clinical guidelines) and 31 cases as age-matched controls were examined, and the animal model established employing Pulsinelli's four-vessel occlusion. The levels of α4 and β2 subunit mRNA in leukocytes and the hippocampus were analyzed by real-time PCR, and the protein level in the hippocampus by Western blotting. The mini-mental state examination was utilized to characterize the intellectual capacity of the patients with reference to the DSM IV diagnosis and Hachinski Ischemic Scale score, and the Morris Water Maze test to assess the ability of learning and memory of the rats. In patients, the level of α4 mRNA, but not β2, in blood leukocytes was clearly lowered, which was significantly correlated to their clinical cognitive test scores. Smoking exerted no impact on the level of α4 mRNA in the present study. In the blood leukocytes and the hippocampus of the brains of the ischemic rats, the levels of both α4 and β2 mRNA were lowered, and the proteins of these subunits in the hippocampus were decreased. The changes of α4 and β2 mRNA in blood leukocytes, and their protein levels in the hippocampus were significantly correlated with impaired learning and memory. These findings indicate that alterations in expression of the α4β2 subtype of nAChR may be involved in the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the cognitive deficit associated with VaD.
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Xue M, Zhu L, Zhang J, Qiu J, Du G, Qiao Z, Jin G, Gao F, Zhang Q. Low dose nicotine attenuates Aβ neurotoxicity through activation early growth response gene 1 pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120267. [PMID: 25815723 PMCID: PMC4376385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that smoking is negatively correlated with the incidence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nicotine was reported to be the active factor. However, the detailed mechanisms still remain to be fully elucidated. Early growth response gene 1 (EGR-1) plays important roles in several important biological processes such as promoting cell growth, differentiation, anti oxidative stress, and apoptosis, but few in the pathogenesis of AD. In the present study, we show that nicotine can activate the MAPK/ERK/EGR-1 signaling pathway partially through α7 nAChR. In addition, the up-regulation of EGR-1 by nicotine can also increase the phosphorylation of CyclinD1 which contributes to the attenuation of amyloid-β (Aβ(25-35)) -induced neurotoxicity. Although nicotine and Aβ(25-35) can activate EGR-1, the expression of EGR-1 is down-regulated following treatment with nicotine and Aβ(25-35). This study demonstrates that low dose nicotine attenuates Aβ(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo through activating EGR-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqiang Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R.China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R.China
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R.China
| | - Liuwei Zhu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R.China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R.China
| | - Jinhua Qiu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R.China
| | - Guicheng Du
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R.China
| | - Zhiliang Qiao
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R.China
| | - Guanghui Jin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R.China
| | - Fengguang Gao
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R.China
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R.China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R.China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300192, P.R.China
- * E-mail:
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Ochi S, Abe M, Li C, Mori Y, Ishimaru T, Yoshino Y, Yamazaki K, Mori T, Fukuhara R, Tanimukai S, Matsuda S, Yoshida K, Ueno SI. The nicotinic cholinergic system is affected in rats with delayed carbon monoxide encephalopathy. Neurosci Lett 2014; 569:33-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Chang RCC, Ho YS, Wong S, Gentleman SM, Ng HK. Neuropathology of cigarette smoking. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:53-69. [PMID: 24240736 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that cigarette smoking is hazardous to health and is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. However, its impact on the brain, whether it be from prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease, is still not very clear. Neuroimaging and neuropathological investigations suggest that there are heterogeneous effects of cigarette smoking on the brain. On the one hand, it is quite clear that cigarette smoking causes damage to endothelial cells, resulting in increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. On the other hand, it seems to be associated with different Alzheimer's pathologies in post-mortem brains and experimental models, despite the fact that epidemiological studies clearly indicate a positive correlation between cigarette smoking and increased risk for AD. Interestingly, cigarette smoking appears to be associated with reduced Parkinson's pathology in post-mortem brains. However, although nicotine in cigarettes may have some neuroprotective actions, the effects of all the other toxic compounds in cigarettes cannot be ignored. It is, therefore, our aim to summarize what is known about the neuropathology of cigarette smoking and, in particular, its implications for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Rm. L1-49, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong,
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