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Abolarin PO, Amin A, Nafiu AB, Ogundele OM, Owoyele BV. Optimization of Parkinson's disease therapy with plant extracts and nutrition's evolving roles. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 17:1-12. [PMID: 38872839 PMCID: PMC11167367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Death of dopaminergic cells in the SNpc leads to manifestations of motor dysfunction and non-motor symptoms of PD. The progression of PD symptoms severely affects the quality of life of patients and poses socio-economic problems to families and society at large. The clinical and neuropathological characteristics of PD are triggered by multiple factors such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein aggregation. Notwithstanding the advancements in pharmacological therapy in PD management, there is burgeoning interest in alternative and complementary approaches, essentially nutrition and plant extracts strategies. This review gives widespread analysis of the role of nutrition and plant extracts in the management of PD. Studies that investigated the effects of various dietary compounds and plant extract on PD symptoms and progression were reviewed from existing literatures. Nutraceuticals, including vitamins and phytochemicals such as Mucuna pruriens have shown potential neuroprotective functions in preclinical and clinical studies. Indeed, these strategies ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, all which are implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. The neuroprotective mechanisms of nutrition and plant extracts in PD, with emphasis on their capacity to target multiple pathways implicated in PD are discussed. Additionally, challenges and limitations related with translating preclinical findings into clinical practice including standardization of dosing regimens, bioavailability, and inter-individual variability are discussed. Largely, this review elucidates on the role of nutrition and plant extracts as adjunctive therapy in PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Oluwole Abolarin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Abdulbasit Amin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | | | - Olalekan Michael Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Bamidele Victor Owoyele
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Samson JS, Ramesh A, Parvathi VD. Development of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons and the Advantage of Using hiPSCs as a Model System to Study Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2024; 546:1-19. [PMID: 38522661 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons are significantly impaired in patients inflicted with Parkinson's disease (PD), subsequently affecting a variety of motor functions. There are four pathways through which dopamine elicits its function, namely, nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, mesocortical and tuberoinfundibular dopamine pathways. SHH and Wnt signalling pathways in association with favourable expression of a variety of genes, promotes the development and differentiation of mDA neurons in the brain. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the complex signalling pathways involved in development of mDA neurons. hiPSC models have been acclaimed to be effective in generating complex disease phenotypes. These models mimic the microenvironment found in vivo thus ensuring maximum reliability. Further, a variety of therapeutic compounds can be screened using hiPSCs since they can be used to generate neurons that could carry an array of mutations associated with both familial and sporadic PD. Thus, culturing hiPSCs to study gene expression and dysregulation of cellular processes associated with PD can be useful in developing targeted therapies that will be a step towards halting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sally Samson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Anuradha Ramesh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai 600116, India.
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Wang J, Liu QT, Shen DY, Bai JP, Hu Y, Huang Q, Yu HJ, He NN, Qin XY, Lan R. Network pharmacology analysis of the active ingredients of Corydalis hendersonii Hemsl. and their effects on eliminating neuroinflammation and improving motor functions in MPTP-intoxicated mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117009. [PMID: 37557936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Corydalis hendersonii Hemsl. (CH), is a traditional Tibetan medicine used in highland areas for the treatment of alpine polycythemia, ulcers and various inflammatory diseases. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have been demonstrated in experimental mice. Loss of dopaminergic neurons due to oxidative damage is thought to be an important factor in the development of PD, the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects of CH could potentially be used for PD treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify potential targets of CH using network pharmacology and to investigate the neuroprotective effects in cultured cell models and in MPTP-intoxicated mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main chemical components of CH were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS and their potential targets of action or signaling pathways were analyzed using network pharmacology. MPP + or LPS was added to SH-SY5Y or BV2 cells, respectively, to establish cellular models. MPTP was administered to C57BL/6J mice to induce inflammation and dopaminergic neuron loss as well as dyskinesia, followed by behavioral analysis to determine the role of CH in eliminating inflammation, avoiding neuron loss, and improving dyskinesia. RESULTS CH contains 241 alkaloids, 213 flavonoids, 177 terpenoids and 114 phenolic compounds. The targets crossover between CH and PD yielded 210 potential therapeutic targets, especially growth factors and inflammatory pathway-related genes, such as BDNF, NF-κB, as potential key targets. In cultured cells, CHE eliminated MPP + -induced impairment of cell viability as well as LPS-induced inflammation, respectively. In mice, CHE ameliorated MPTP-induced dyskinesia and rescued the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and striatum. Mechanistically, CHE effectively maintained the activity of the BDNF-TrkB/Akt signaling pathway, accordingly, inhibited inflammatory signaling pathways such as HIF-1α/PKM2 and Notch/NF-kB. CONCLUSIONS CH performed well in eliminating inflammation and improving locomotor deficits in mice, and its potent active ingredients are worthy of subsequent research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qiu-Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Dan-Yang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jin-Peng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hui-Jing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Ning-Ning He
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Rongfeng Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Lisco G, De Tullio A, Iovino M, Disoteo O, Guastamacchia E, Giagulli VA, Triggiani V. Dopamine in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis, Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes, and Chronic Conditions of Impaired Dopamine Activity/Metabolism: Implication for Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Purposes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2993. [PMID: 38001993 PMCID: PMC10669051 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine regulates several functions, such as voluntary movements, spatial memory, motivation, sleep, arousal, feeding, immune function, maternal behaviors, and lactation. Less clear is the role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and chronic complications and conditions frequently associated with it. This review summarizes recent evidence on the role of dopamine in regulating insular metabolism and activity, the pathophysiology of traditional chronic complications associated with T2D, the pathophysiological interconnection between T2D and chronic neurological and psychiatric disorders characterized by impaired dopamine activity/metabolism, and therapeutic implications. Reinforcing dopamine signaling is therapeutic in T2D, especially in patients with dopamine-related disorders, such as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, addictions, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. On the other hand, although specific trials are probably needed, certain medications approved for T2D (e.g., metformin, pioglitazone, incretin-based therapy, and gliflozins) may have a therapeutic role in such dopamine-related disorders due to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, improvement in insulin signaling, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and apoptosis, restoration of striatal dopamine synthesis, and modulation of dopamine signaling associated with reward and hedonic eating. Last, targeting dopamine metabolism could have the potential for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in chronic diabetes-related complications, such as diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Anna De Tullio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Michele Iovino
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Olga Disoteo
- Diabetology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
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Nguyen LTT, Le XT, Pham HNT, Van Nguyen T, Nguyen PT, Van Thi Pham A, Nguyen TBT, Matsumoto K. Therapeutic effects of a standardized-flavonoid Diospyros kaki L.f. leaf extract on transient focal cerebral ischemia-induced brain injury in mice. J Nat Med 2023; 77:544-560. [PMID: 37115470 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective and therapeutic effects of Diospyros kaki L.f. leaves (DK) on transient focal cerebral ischemic injury and underlying mechanisms using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of mice. The animals received the MCAO operation on day 0. The daily administrations of DK (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o) and edaravone (6 mg/kg, i.v), a reference drug with radical scavenging activity, were started 7 days before (pre-treatment) or immediately after the MCAO operation (post-treatment) and continued during the experimental period. Histochemical, biochemical, and neurological changes and cognitive performance were evaluated. MCAO caused cerebral infarction and neuronal cell loss in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus in a manner accompanied by spatial cognitive deficits. These neurological and cognitive impairments caused by MCAO were significantly attenuated by pre- and post-ischemic treatments with DK and edaravone, suggesting that DK, like edaravone, has therapeutic potential for cerebral ischemia-induced brain damage. DK and edaravone suppressed MCAO-induced changes in biomarkers for apoptosis (TUNEL-positive cell number and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression) and oxidative stress (glutathione and malondialdehyde contents) in the brain. Interestingly, DK, but not edaravone, mitigated an increase in blood-brain permeability and down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression caused by MCAO. Although the exact chemical constituents implicated in the effects of DK remain to be clarified, the present results indicate that DK exerts neuroprotective and therapeutic activity against transient focal cerebral ischemia-induced injury probably by suppressing oxidative stress, apoptotic process, and mechanisms impairing blood-brain barrier integrity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loan Thanh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
- Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Xoan Thi Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Hang Nguyet Thi Pham
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Tai Van Nguyen
- Department of Phytochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thi Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Van Thi Pham
- Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | | | - Kinzo Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
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Jin M, Wang C, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Wu X, Ye R, Zhang Q, Han D. Pharmacological effects of salidroside on central nervous system diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113709. [PMID: 36126456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a typical member of the PTP family, considered a direct negative regulator of several receptor and receptor-associated tyrosine kinases. This widely localized enzyme has been involved in the pathophysiology of several diseases. More recently, PTP1B has attracted attention in the field of neuroscience, since its activation in brain cells can lead to schizophrenia-like behaviour deficits, anxiety-like effects, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and depression. Conversely, PTP1B inhibition has been shown to prevent microglial activation, thus exerting a potent anti-inflammatory effect and has also shown potential to increase the cognitive process through the stimulation of hippocampal insulin, leptin and BDNF/TrkB receptors. Notwithstanding, most research on the clinical efficacy of targeting PTP1B has been developed in the field of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (TD2M). However, despite the link existing between these metabolic alterations and neurodegeneration, no clinical trials assessing the neurological advantages of PTP1B inhibition have been performed yet. Preclinical studies, though, have provided strong evidence that targeting PTP1B could allow to reach different pathophysiological mechanisms at once. herefore, specific interventions or trials should be designed to modulate PTP1B activity in brain, since it is a promising strategy to decelerate or prevent neurodegeneration in aged individuals, among other neurological diseases. The present paper fails to include all neurological conditions in which PTP1B could have a role; instead, it focuses on those which have been related to metabolic alterations and neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, only preclinical data is discussed, since clinical studies on the potential of PTP1B inhibition for treating neurological diseases are still required.
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Onaolapo AY, Ojo FO, Olofinnade AT, Falade J, Lawal IA, Onaolapo OJ. Microbiome-Based Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: Can Tuning the Microbiota Become a Viable Therapeutic Strategy? CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-126136. [PMID: 36056826 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220903114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) have continued to baffle medical science, despite strides in the understanding of their pathology. The inability of currently available therapies to halt disease progression is a testament to an incomplete understanding of pathways crucial to disease initiation, progression and management. Science has continued to link the activities and equilibrium of the gut microbiome to the health and proper functioning of brain neurons. They also continue to stir interest in the potential applications of technologies that may shift the balance of the gut microbiome towards achieving a favourable outcome in PD management. There have been suggestions that an improved understanding of the roles of the gut microbiota is likely to lead to the emergence of an era where their manipulation becomes a recognized strategy for PD management. This review examines the current state of our journey in the quest to understand how the gut microbiota can influence several aspects of PD. We highlight the relationship between the gut microbiome/microbiota and PD pathogenesis, as well as preclinical and clinical evidence evaluating the effect of postbiotics, probiotics and prebiotics in PD management. This is with a view to ascertaining if we are at the threshold of discovering the application of a usable tool in our quest for disease modifying therapies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Folusho O Ojo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony T Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos State
| | - Joshua Falade
- Department of Mental Health, Afe-Babalola University Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State Nigeria
| | - Ismail A Lawal
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences. Alhikmah University Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Zahra W, Birla H, Singh SS, Rathore AS, Dilnashin H, Singh R, Keshri PK, Gautam P, Singh SP. Neuroprotection by Mucuna pruriens in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1816-1829. [PMID: 35380400 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) is widely known for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a well-established drug in Ayurveda and has been widely used for the treatment of neurological disorders and male infertility for ages. The seeds of the plant have potent medicinal value and its extract has been tested in different models of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Parkinson's disease (PD). Apart from PD, Mucuna pruriens is now being studied in models of other nervous systems disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and stroke because of its neuroprotective importance. This review briefly discusses the pathogenesis of PD, AD, ALS and stroke. It aims to summarize the medicinal importance of Mucuna pruriens in treatment of these diseases, and put forward the potential targets where Mucuna pruriens can act for therapeutic interventions. In this review, the effect of Mucuna pruriens on ameliorating the neurodegeneration evident in PD, AD, ALS and stroke is briefly discussed. The potential targets for neuroprotection by the plant are delineated, which can be studied further to validate the hypothesis regarding the use of Mucuna pruriens for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walia Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hareram Birla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Saumitra Sen Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Aaina Singh Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Richa Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Keshri
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Gautam
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Administration of mucuna beans (Mucuna pruriences (L.) DC. var. utilis) improves cognition and neuropathology of 3 × Tg-AD mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:996. [PMID: 35046433 PMCID: PMC8770455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ) resulting in senile plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein resulting in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Mucuna beans (Mucuna pruriences (L.) DC. var. utilis) are unique plants containing 3–9% L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). Here we investigated the effect of the administration of Mucuna beans on AD prevention by feeding triple-transgenic mice (3 × Tg-AD mice) with a diet containing Mucuna beans for 13 months. The levels of Aβ oligomers and detergent-insoluble phosphorylated tau decreased in the brain of mice fed with Mucuna beans (Mucuna group) compared to those of the Control group. Aβ accumulation and phosphorylated tau accumulation in the brain in the Mucuna group were also reduced. In addition, administration of Mucuna beans improved cognitive function. These results suggest that administration of Mucuna beans may have a preventive effect on AD development in 3 × Tg-AD mice.
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Bhattacharyya K. The story of levodopa: A long and arduous journey. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:124-130. [PMID: 35342258 PMCID: PMC8954318 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_474_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa (L-dopa) is the gold standard in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD). It dates back to 1500 to 1000 BC when it was used in the Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese system of medicine. Certain beans such as velvet beans and broad beans contain L-dopa. The plant Mucuna pruriens (Mp) or velvet bean, cultivated in Eastern India and Southern China, contains L-dopa at a concentration of 5% and was used for the management of PD. Later, workers have documented the neuroprotective, neurorestorative, and immunomodulatory properties of Mp. Double-blind studies conducted in the Western world have proved the efficacy of Mp and reported some toxic side effects as well. In the Western world, the credit for isolating L-dopa from the seeds of Vicia faba or broad bean goes to Markus Guggenheim, a biochemist from Sweden in 1913. However, it has been used with success ever since Arvid Carlsson established the reversibility of reserpine-induced akinesia in rabbits in the late 1950s with the use of intravenous dopamine, and Oleh Hornykiewicz demonstrated its deficiency in the striatum in 1960–1961. George Cotzias used it in patients in a low and slow incremental fashion in 1967, and Melvin Yahr and his colleagues performed double-blind study on in-patients with success in 1969. Complications with its long-term use, particularly the on-off phenomenon, and dyskinesias appeared soon, and measures have been undertaken to reduce their incidence. Researches on alternative modes of delivery are carried out in various centers, and others are under investigation in the laboratories.
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The Positive Role and Mechanism of Herbal Medicine in Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9923331. [PMID: 34567415 PMCID: PMC8457986 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9923331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease, manifested by the progressive functional impairment of the midbrain nigral dopaminergic neurons. Due to the unclear underlying pathogenesis, disease-modifying drugs for PD remain elusive. In Asia, such as in China and India, herbal medicines have been used in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease for thousands of years, which recently attracted considerable attention because of the development of curative drugs for PD. In this review, we first summarized the pathogenic factors of PD including protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, ion accumulation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, and the related recent advances. Secondly, we summarized 32 Chinese herbal medicines (belonging to 24 genera, such as Acanthopanax, Alpinia, and Astragalus), 22 Chinese traditional herbal formulations, and 3 Indian herbal medicines, of which the ethanol/water extraction or main bioactive compounds have been extensively investigated on PD models both in vitro and in vivo. We elaborately provided pictures of the representative herbs and the structural formula of the bioactive components (such as leutheroside B and astragaloside IV) of the herbal medicines. Also, we specified the potential targets of the bioactive compounds or extractions of herbs in view of the signaling pathways such as PI3K, NF-κB, and AMPK which are implicated in oxidative and inflammatory stress in neurons. We consider that this knowledge of herbal medicines or their bioactive components can be favorable for the development of disease-modifying drugs for PD.
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Singh B, Pandey S, Rumman M, Kumar S, Kushwaha PP, Verma R, Mahdi AA. Neuroprotective and Neurorescue Mode of Action of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst in 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-Induced Parkinson's Disease: An In Silico and In Vivo Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:616413. [PMID: 33796021 PMCID: PMC8007855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.616413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive death of dopaminergic neurons. The presently used medicines only tackle the symptoms of PD, but none makes a dent on the processes that underpin the disease's development. Herbal medicines have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst (Brahmi) has been used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine to enhance memory and intelligence. Herein, we assessed the neuroprotective role of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst on Parkinson's disease. Aim of the Study: Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst, a medicinal herb, is widely used as a brain tonic. We investigated the neuroprotective and neurorescue properties of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst extract (BME) in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mice model of PD. Materials and Methods: The mice model of MPTP-induced PD is used in the study. In the neuroprotective (BME + MPTP) and neurorescue (MPTP + BME) experiments, the animals were administered 40 mg/kg body weight BME orally before and after MPTP administration, respectively. Effect of BME treatment was evaluated by accessing neurobehavioral parameters and levels of dopamine, glutathione, lipid peroxide, and nitrites. An in silico study was performed using AutoDock Tools 1.5.6 (ADT). Results: A significant recovery in behavioral parameters, dopamine level, glutathione level, lipid peroxides, and nitrite level was observed in BME-treated mice. Treatment with BME before or after MPTP administration has a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons, as evidenced by a significant decrease in GFAP immunostaining and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the substantia nigra region; however, the degree of improvement was more prominent in mice receiving BME treatment before MPTP administration. Moreover, the in silico study revealed that the constituents of BM, including bacosides, bacopasides, and bacosaponins, can inactivate the enzyme monoamine oxidase B, thus preventing the breakdown of MPTP to MPP+. Conclusion: Our results showed that BME exerts both neuroprotective and neurorescue effects against MPTP-induced degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, BME may slow down the disease progression and delay the onset of neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, KGMU, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
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Rachsee A, Chiranthanut N, Kunnaja P, Sireeratawong S, Khonsung P, Chansakaow S, Panthong A. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. seed extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113518. [PMID: 33122120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inflammation caused by activated microglia is known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases, e.g., Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibiting the inflammatory process can be considered a potential strategy for the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (Leguminosae) has long been used in Thailand, India, China and other tropical countries to treat several diseases including PD. M. pruriens seeds have been found to possess a variety of pharmacological properties including antioxidant and anti-Parkinsonism effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of M. pruriens seeds during microglial activation have yet to be reported. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of M. pruriens seed extract and elucidate its underlying mechanism using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS BV2 microglial cells were pretreated with various concentrations of M. pruriens seed extract before being stimulated with LPS. The levels of inflammatory mediators were analyzed by Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by Western blot analysis. The translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS M. pruriens seed extract significantly inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. The extract also decreased the protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, M. pruriens seed extract inhibited the translocation of NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS M. pruriens seed extract could suppress inflammatory responses in LPS-activated BV2 microglial cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings support the use of M. pruriens seeds in traditional and alternative medicine for the treatment of PD and other inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aungkana Rachsee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Natthakarn Chiranthanut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Phraepakaporn Kunnaja
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Seewaboon Sireeratawong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Parirat Khonsung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sunee Chansakaow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicinal Plant Innovation Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ampai Panthong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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15
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Rai SN, Chaturvedi VK, Singh P, Singh BK, Singh MP. Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson's and in some other diseases: recent advancement and future prospective. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:522. [PMID: 33194526 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucuna pruriens (Mp) is an annual and perennial legume which belongs to the family Fabaceae having different types of therapeutic activity. Anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-epileptic, anti-microbial, etc. are the example of some most common activities of Mp. It is widely utilized as a potent aphrodisiac. The anti-Parkinsonian activity of Mp was explored since the nineteenth century. The neuroprotective activity of Mp was shown by several researchers. Levodopa (L-DOPA) is the important constituents responsible for the anti-Parkinsonian activity of Mp. Apart from L-DOPA, several other important bioactive components like Ursolic acid (UA) and Betulinic acid (BA) also exhibit a similar neuroprotective activity. Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly sporadic. A very small proportion shows the genetic nature of PD. The anti-Parkinsonian activity of Mp was explored in different toxin-induced PD models as like MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), Rotenone, Paraquat, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) as suggested by several pieces of literature. Various parts of Mp's like seed, leaf, and stem exhibit potent neuroprotective attributes. Among different parts, seeds are widely utilized as anti-PD agents because of the higher percentage of L-DOPA. Besides anti-PD activity, Mp's neuroprotective potential was also explored in the ischemic model of stroke that also shows positive results. Recently, several clinical trials have been performed on the anti-PD activity of Mp on PD patients that show convincing results. Although, a small population-based study needs to be further validated in the broader population. Apart from anti-PD activity, Mp also shows its therapeutic activity in some other diseases like cancer, diabetes, skin infection, anemia, antihypertensive, etc. that are summarized in Table 1. In this review, we have discussed the anti-PD potential of Mp in the sporadic and genetic model along with some clinical trials that have performed on PD patients. Some other activity of Mp is also summarized in this review. There is a strong need to test the efficacy of Mp in some other neurodegenerative diseases along with PD. Following this, this review emphasizes the role of Mp in PD systematically through literature analysis available to date. [Table: see text].
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Iamsaard S, Arun S, Burawat J, Yannasithinon S, Tongpan S, Bunsueb S, Lapyuneyong N, Choowong-in P, Tangsrisakda N, Chaimontri C, Sukhorum W. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and reproductive toxicity of aqueous extract of Thai Mucuna pruriens seeds. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:265-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Knowing Your Beans in Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Assessment of Current Knowledge about Different Beans and Their Compounds in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease and in Animal Models. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2019; 2019:1349509. [PMID: 31781363 PMCID: PMC6875167 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1349509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review contains a critical appraisal of current knowledge about the use of beans in both animal models and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The potential beneficial effects of beans in PD are increasingly being touted, not only in scientific journals but also by the lay media. While there is a long tradition in Ayurvedic medicine of prescribing extracts from Mucuna pruriens (MP), whose seeds contain 5% L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanin (L-DOPA), many other beans also contain L-DOPA (broad beans, common beans, and soybeans) or have other ingredients (coffee and cocoa) that may benefit PD patients. Indeed, bean-derived compounds can elicit neuroprotective effects in animal models of PD, while several studies in human PD patients have shown that motor performance can improve after ingestion of bean extracts. However, there are several arguments countering the view that beans serve as a natural therapy for PD: (i) the results from animal PD models are not necessarily directly applicable to humans; (ii) beans have many bioactive ingredients, some of which can be harmful in large doses; (iii) studies in human PD patients are scarce and only report on the effects of single doses or the administration of bean extract over short periods of time; and (iv) no data on long-term efficacy or side effects of bean therapy are available. Therefore, reservations about the use of beans as a "natural" therapy for PD seem to be justified.
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18
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Rai SN, Zahra W, Singh SS, Birla H, Keswani C, Dilnashin H, Rathore AS, Singh R, Singh RK, Singh SP. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ursolic Acid in MPTP-Induced Parkinsonian Mouse Model. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:452-462. [PMID: 31016688 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) and hence may represent a target for treatment. The drugs used currently for PD only provide symptomatic relief and have adverse effects in addition to their inability in preventing degeneration of neurons. Flavonoids show potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities which is very valuable for the health of human beings. Thus, in the present study, we have tried to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of orally given ursolic acid (UA) (25 mg/kg bwt), a pentacyclic triterpenoid in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated mouse model. Significant severe oxidative stress and biochemical alterations have been seen in Parkinsonian mice after MPTP intoxication. Whereas, UA administration has significantly rescued the harmful consequence of MPTP intoxication. Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) were seen to be altered in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of MPTP-intoxicated mice through immunohistochemical studies. The changes in the expression level of these parameters primarily suggest increased inflammatory responses in MPTP-intoxicated mice as compared with the control. However, UA have significantly reduced these inflammatory parameters (Iba1 and TNF-α) along with transcription factor NF-κB, which regulates these inflammatory parameters and thus have inhibited MPTP-induced neuroinflammation. The immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was considerably increased by UA treatment in the SNpc of Parkinsonian mice. The neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration along with impairments in biochemical and behavioral parameters were found to be reversed on treatment with UA. Thus, UA has shown potent anti-inflammatory activity by preventing the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons from MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachchida Nand Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Walia Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Saumitra Sen Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hareram Birla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Aaina Singh Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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19
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Zhang G, Yang G, Liu J. Phloretin attenuates behavior deficits and neuroinflammatory response in MPTP induced Parkinson's disease in mice. Life Sci 2019; 232:116600. [PMID: 31251998 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the significant neuropathological conditions in Parkinson's disease (PD) which is due to microglial and astrocytes activation leads to progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss. To date, Current PD drugs offers only symptomatic relief with adverse effects and lack of ability to prevent the progression of neurodegeneration. Therefore, a better approach to develop a multi potent drug of natural origin would be beneficial in managing the disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of PHL by exploring its neuroprotective mechanism in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro pyridine (MPTP) induced PD in mice. MPTP intoxication in mice cause motor abnormalities, decreased dopamine (DA) levels, reduced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzyme protein expression and inflammation which were effectively restored by PHL. Moreover gliotic specific inflammatory markers like glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (Iba-1), iNOS and COX-2 were found to be expressed more in MPTP intoxicated mice, Further the levels of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly upregulated in MPTP intoxicated mice, these deleterious responses were diminished to extend neuroprotection by PHL treatment. Our findings strongly suggest PHL as a potent therapeutic agent in treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gejuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, No.161, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710003, China
| | - Geqiang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, No.161, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710003, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, No.76 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China.
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20
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Khan AU, Akram M, Daniyal M, Zainab R. Awareness and current knowledge of Parkinson’s disease: a neurodegenerative disorder. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:55-93. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1486837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, School of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Old Campus, Allama Iqbal Road, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Old Campus, Allama Iqbal Road, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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21
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Solari P, Maccioni R, Marotta R, Catelani T, Debellis D, Baroli B, Peddio S, Muroni P, Kasture S, Solla P, Stoffolano JG, Liscia A. The imbalance of serotonergic circuitry impairing the crop supercontractile muscle activity and the mitochondrial morphology of PD PINK1 B9Drosophila melanogaster are rescued by Mucuna pruriens. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 111:32-40. [PMID: 30393142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite its great potentiality, little attention has been paid to modelling gastrointestinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) in Drosophila melanogaster (Dm). Our previous studies on standardized Mucuna pruriens extract (Mpe) have shown usefulness in the Drosophila model of PD. In this communication, we provide new information on the effect of Mpe on basal and serotonin treated contractions in the crop (i.e., an important and essential part of the gut) in Drosophila PD mutant for PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1B9) gene. The effect of Mpe on PINK1B9 supplied with standard diet to larvae and/or adults, were assayed on 10-15 days old flies. Conversely from what we observed in the wild type flies, recordings demonstrated that exogenous applications of serotonin on crop muscles of untreated PINK1B9 affect neither the frequency nor the amplitude of the crop contraction, while the same muscle parameters are enhanced following brain injections of serotonin, thus suggesting that PINK1B9 mutants may likely have an impairment in the serotonergic pathways. Also, the mitochondrial morphology in the crop muscles is strongly compromised, as demonstrated by the transmission electron microscopy analysis. The Mpe treatment rescued the crop muscle parameters and also the mitochondrial morphology when supplied to both larvae and adults. Overall, this study strengthens the relevance of using PINK1B9 Dm as a translational model to study the gastrointestinal symptoms in PD and also confirms the useful employment of M. pruriens for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Solari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Riccardo Maccioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Roberto Marotta
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Doriana Debellis
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Baroli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefania Peddio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Patrizia Muroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Solla
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - John G Stoffolano
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Anna Liscia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.
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22
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Troncoso-Escudero P, Parra A, Nassif M, Vidal RL. Outside in: Unraveling the Role of Neuroinflammation in the Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9:860. [PMID: 30459700 PMCID: PMC6232883 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the most important processes involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The current concept of neuroinflammation comprises an inflammation process, which occurs in the central nervous system due to molecules released from brain-resident and/or blood-derived immune cells. Furthermore, the evidence of the contribution of systemic delivered molecules to the disease pathogenesis, such as the gut microbiota composition, has been increasing during the last years. Under physiological conditions, microglia and astrocytes support the well-being and well-function of the brain through diverse functions, including neurotrophic factor secretion in both intact and injured brain. On the other hand, genes that cause PD are expressed in astrocytes and microglia, shifting their neuroprotective role to a pathogenic one, contributing to disease onset and progression. In addition, growth factors are a subset of molecules that promote cellular survival, differentiation and maturation, which are critical signaling factors promoting the communication between cells, including neurons and blood-derived immune cells. We summarize the potential targeting of astrocytes and microglia and the systemic contribution of the gut microbiota in neuroinflammation process archived in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Troncoso-Escudero
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Parra
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Melissa Nassif
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene L Vidal
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, Santiago, Chile
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23
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Adi YK, Widayanti R, Pangestiningsih TW. n-Propanol extract of boiled and fermented koro benguk ( Mucuna pruriens seed) shows a neuroprotective effect in paraquat dichloride-induced Parkinson's disease rat model. Vet World 2018; 11:1250-1254. [PMID: 30410229 PMCID: PMC6200579 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1250-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: n-Propanol extracts from fresh, boiled, and fermented seeds were studied to evaluate their neuroprotective effects in a Parkinson’s disease (PD) rat model, based on the total number of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Materials and Methods: Rats were induced with paraquat dichloride at a dosage of 7 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally twice a week and at the same time supplemented with extract at a dosage of 70 mg/kg BW orally every day for 3 weeks. On the 24th day, all rats were perfused and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. The left part of the SNpc was processed for immunohistochemical staining with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-antibody. The total number of DA neurons in SNpc was evaluated with a stereological method. Results: TH-immunoreactive cells found in the SNpc were identified as DA neurons. The average total number of DA neurons in the SNpc increased significantly in the PD rat model that was given an n-propanol extract of boiled and fermented seeds compared with a control PD rat model. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in the average total number of DA neurons in SNpc between the PD rat model that was given n-propanol extract of fresh seeds and the control PD rat model. Conclusion: n-Propanol extract of boiled and fermented seeds could produce a higher neuroprotective effect against DA neuron than fresh seeds in a PD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosua Kristian Adi
- Master Program of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rini Widayanti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Wahyu Pangestiningsih
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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24
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Levodopa-Reduced Mucuna pruriens Seed Extract Shows Neuroprotective Effects against Parkinson's Disease in Murine Microglia and Human Neuroblastoma Cells, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091139. [PMID: 30131460 PMCID: PMC6164394 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucuna pruriens (Mucuna) has been prescribed in Ayurveda for various brain ailments including 'kampavata' (tremors) or Parkinson's disease (PD). While Mucuna is a well-known natural source of levodopa (L-dopa), published studies suggest that other bioactive compounds may also be responsible for its anti-PD effects. To investigate this hypothesis, an L-dopa reduced (<0.1%) M. pruriens seeds extract (MPE) was prepared and evaluated for its anti-PD effects in cellular (murine BV-2 microglia and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells), Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster models. In BV-2 cells, MPE (12.5⁻50 μg/mL) reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity (15.7-18.6%), decreased reactive oxygen species production (29.1-61.6%), and lowered lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide species release by 8.9⁻60%. MPE (12.5-50 μg/mL) mitigated SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis by 6.9-40.0% in a non-contact co-culture assay with cell-free supernatants from LPS-treated BV-2 cells. MPE (12.5-50 μg/mL) reduced 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cell death of SH-SY5Y cells by 11.85⁻38.5%. Furthermore, MPE (12.5-50 μg/mL) increased median (25%) and maximum survival (47.8%) of C. elegans exposed to the dopaminergic neurotoxin, methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. MPE (40 μg/mL) ameliorated dopaminergic neurotoxin (6-OHDA and rotenone) induced precipitation of innate negative geotaxis behavior of D. melanogaster by 35.3 and 32.8%, respectively. Therefore, MPE contains bioactive compounds, beyond L-dopa, which may impart neuroprotective effects against PD.
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Mo ZZ, Lin ZX, Su ZR, Zheng L, Li HL, Xie JH, Xian YF, Yi TG, Huang SQ, Chen JP. Angelica sinensis Supercritical Fluid CO 2 Extract Attenuates D-Galactose-Induced Liver and Kidney Impairment in Mice by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. J Med Food 2018; 21:887-898. [PMID: 30109956 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelica sinensis (AS, Danggui in Chinese) is an important herbal component of various traditional formulae for the management of asthenia and its tonic effects. Although AS has been shown to ameliorate cognitive damage and nerve toxicity in D-galactose (D-gal)-elicited senescent mice brain, its effects on liver and kidney injury have not yet been explored. In this work, mice were subjected to hypodermic injection with D-gal (200 mg/kg) and orally gavaged with AS (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg) once a day for 8 successive weeks. Results revealed that AS significantly improved liver and kidney function as assessed by organ index and functional parameters. In addition, AS pretreatment effectively ameliorated the histological deterioration. AS attenuated the MDA level and markedly enhanced the activities and gene expressions of antioxidative enzymes, namely Cu, Zn-SOD, CAT, and GPx. Furthermore, AS markedly inhibited the D-gal-mediated increment of expressions of inflammatory cytokines iNOS, COX-2, IκBα, p-IκBα, and p65 and promoted the IκBα expression level in both hepatic and renal tissues. In sum, AS pretreatment could effectively guard the liver and kidney of mice from D-gal-induced injury, and the underlying mechanism was deemed to be intimately related to attenuating oxidative response and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhun Mo
- 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China .,2 School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- 2 School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China .,3 Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Dongguan, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- 4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui-Lin Li
- 4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- 5 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- 2 School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tie-Gang Yi
- 4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Shenzhen, China
| | - Shui-Qing Huang
- 6 School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- 4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Shenzhen, China
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Rai SN, Birla H, Singh SS, Zahra W, Patil RR, Jadhav JP, Gedda MR, Singh SP. Mucuna pruriens Protects against MPTP Intoxicated Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease through NF-κB/pAKT Signaling Pathways. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:421. [PMID: 29311905 PMCID: PMC5742110 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Till date, drugs that have been used to manage Parkinson’s disease (PD) have only shown symptomatic relief with several adverse effects besides their inability to prevent neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the advancement of PD and can be targeted for its effective treatment. Researchers have suggested that herbal plants exhibiting the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties are therefore beneficial to human health. Conventionally, Mucuna pruriens (Mp) seeds are used for maintaining male virility in India. Reportedly, Mp is used as a rejuvenator drug having neuroprotective property. Our study aimed to investigate effects of aqueous extract of Mp (100 mg/kgbwt) on neuroinflammation, orally administered to mice intoxicated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) as well as the molecular mechanism involved in the progression of PD. In this study, we have observed significant behavioral abnormalities beside decreased antioxidant defense in MPTP intoxicated mice. We have also observed significant increase in inflammatory parameters like Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule, and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of parkinsonian mice, while Mp treatment has notably reduced these inflammatory parameters. Mp also inhibited the MPTP induced activation of NF-κB and promoted pAkt1 activity which further prevented the apoptosis of the dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, Mp exhibited significant antioxidant defense by inhibiting the lipid peroxidation and nitrite level, and by improving catalase activity and enhancing GSH level in nigrostriatal region of mouse brain. Mp also recovered the behavioral abnormalities in MPTP treated mice. Additionally, Mp treatment considerably increased the immunoreactivity of Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Dopamine Transporter in SNpc of parkinsonian mice. Our high performance liquid chromatography analysis of the Mp seed extract have shown L-DOPA, gallic acid, phytic acid, quercetin, and catechin equivalents as the major components which might cause neuroprotection in PD mice. Our result suggested that Mp extract treatment containing L-DOPA and a mixture of rich novel phytochemicals significantly alleviates the MPTP induced neurotoxicity by NF-κB and pAkt pathway. The findings observed thereby indicate that Mp extract have suggestively ameliorated MPTP induced neuroinflammation, restored the biochemical and behavioral abnormalities in PD mouse and thus provided a scientific basis for its traditional claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachchida N Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Hareram Birla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Saumitra S Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Walia Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Jyoti P Jadhav
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
| | - Mallikarjuna R Gedda
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Surya P Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Kean JD, Downey LA, Stough C. Systematic Overview of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Dominant Poly-Herbal Formulas in Children and Adolescents. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 4:medicines4040086. [PMID: 29165401 PMCID: PMC5750610 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The Ayurvedic medicinal system employs a holistic approach to health, utilising the synergistic properties of organic resources. Research into the Ayurvedic herb Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (B.monnieri) has reported improvements in cognitive outcomes in child and adult populations. The aim of current review is to systematically assess and critically summarize clinical trials investigating B.monnieri-dominant poly-herbal formulas and their effects on the cognition, memory, learning, and behaviour in children and adolescents. Methods: Key word searches were performed using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, DHARA, and CINAHL for publications meeting inclusion criteria up to November 2017. There were no restrictions in study design. Effect sizes were calculated for all significant findings to allow for direct comparisons, and each study was evaluated on design quality. Cognitive and behavioural outcomes were grouped into validated constructs for cross-study comparison. Results: Nine trials met inclusion criteria. Five studies reported sufficient data for effect size analysis with most improvements reported in behavioural outcomes. True cognitive abilities and behavioural constructs were reviewed in six studies, with visual perception, impulsivity, and attention demonstrating the greatest improvements. The veracity of the evidence for the formulations reviewed is weakened by inconsistent statistical design and under-reporting of safety and tolerability data (44%). Conclusions: The current review extends research supporting B.monnieri as a cognitive enhancer and provides modest evidence for the use of B.monnieri in poly-herbal preparations for improving cognitive and behavioural outcomes in child and adolescent populations. Greater emphasis on statistical vigour and the reporting of tolerability data are essential for future trials to adequately document poly-herbal treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Kean
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Luke A Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Hospital, Melbourne 3084, Australia.
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
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Yadav SK, Pandey S, Singh B. Role of estrogen and levodopa in 1-methyl-4-pheny-l-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-induced cognitive deficit in Parkinsonian ovariectomized mice model: A comparative study. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 85:50-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Erro R, Brigo F, Tamburin S, Zamboni M, Antonini A, Tinazzi M. Nutritional habits, risk, and progression of Parkinson disease. J Neurol 2017; 265:12-23. [PMID: 29018983 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease, where a genetic predisposition combines with putative environmental risk factors. Mounting evidence suggests that the initial PD pathological manifestations may be located in the gut to subsequently affect brain areas. Moreover, several lines of research demonstrated that there are bidirectional connections between the central nervous system and the gut, the "gut-brain axis" that influences both brain and gastrointestinal function. This opens a potential therapeutic window suggesting that specific dietary strategies may interact with the disease process and influence the risk of PD or modify its course. Dietary components can also theoretically modulate the chronic activation of the inflammatory response that is associated with aging, the strongest risk factor for PD, that has been suggested to hasten the underlying neurodegenerative process in PD. Here, we reviewed the evidence supporting an association between certain dietary compound and either the risk or progression of PD and have provided an overview of the possible pathomechanisms linking nutrition and neurodegeneration. The results of our review would not support a clear role for any dietary components in reducing the risk or progression of PD. However, the evidence favouring a connection between gut abnormalities, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in PD have become too compelling to be ignored, so that further research, also in the field of nutritional genomics, is highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Erro
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Francesco Brigo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Zamboni
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson Unit, IRCCS Hospital San Camillo and 1st Neurology Clinic, AO Universitaria Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
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Singh B, Pandey S, Yadav SK, Verma R, Singh SP, Mahdi AA. Role of ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced mice model via inhibition of apoptotic pathways of dopaminergic neurons. Brain Res Bull 2017; 135:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Soumyanath A, Denne T, Hiller A, Ramachandran S, Shinto L. Analysis of Levodopa Content in Commercial Mucuna pruriens Products Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. J Altern Complement Med 2017; 24:182-186. [PMID: 28922612 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mucuna pruriens (MP) seeds contain levodopa (up to 2% by weight) and have been used in traditional Indian medicine to treat an illness named "Kampavata," now understood to be Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have shown MP to be beneficial, and even superior, to levodopa alone in treating PD symptoms. Commercial products containing MP are readily available from online and retail sources to patients and physicians. Products often contain extracts of MP seeds, with significantly higher levodopa content than the seeds. However, MP products have limited regulatory controls with respect to quality and content of active ingredient. The aim of this study was to apply a quantitative method to determine levodopa content in readily available MP products that might be used by patients or in research studies. DESIGN Levodopa present in six commercial MP products was quantified by solvent extraction followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to fluorescence detection (FD). Certificates of analysis (COA) were obtained, from manufacturers of MP products, to assess the existence and implementation of specifications for levodopa content. RESULTS HPLC-FD analysis revealed that the levodopa content of the six commercial MP products varied from 6% to 141% of individual label claims. No product contained levodopa within normal pharmacopeial limits of 90%-110% label claim. The maximum daily dose of levodopa delivered by the products varied from 14.4 to 720 mg/day. COAs were inconsistent in specifications for and verification of levodopa content. CONCLUSIONS The commercial products tested varied widely in levodopa content, sometimes deviating widely from the label claim. These deficiencies could impact efficacy and safety of MP products used by PD patients and compromise the results of scientific studies on MP products. The HPLC-FD method described in this study could be utilized by both manufacturers and scientific researchers to verify levodopa content of MP products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amala Soumyanath
- 1 Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, OR
| | - Tanya Denne
- 1 Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, OR
| | - Amie Hiller
- 1 Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, OR.,2 Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Portland, OR
| | - Shaila Ramachandran
- 1 Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, OR
| | - Lynne Shinto
- 1 Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, OR
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Abstract
Immune control is associated with nigrostriatal neuroprotection for Parkinson's disease (PD); though its direct cause and effect relationships have not yet been realized and modulating the immune system for therapeutic gain has been openly discussed. While the pathobiology of PD remains in study, neuroinflammation is thought to speed nigrostriatal degeneration. The neuroinflammatory cascade associated with PD begins with aggregation of misfolded or post-translationally modified α-synuclein (α-syn). Such aggregation results in neuronal cell death and the presence of chronically activated glia (microglia and astroglia), leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). These changes in the glial phenotype can affect the central nervous system (CNS) microenvironment by producing a pro-inflammatory milieu that speeds PD pathogenesis. Mucuna pruriens (Mp) is the most popular drug in Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine. Several reports have suggested that it possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-epileptic and anti-microbial activities. Mp contain L-DOPA and ursolic acid which has an anti-inflammatory property. There are very few literatures which show the immunomodulatory activity of Mp in PD, several researchers have tried to work on the immunomodulatory activity of Mp in some other diseases. The results of several studies show that Mp modulate the immune components like TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-λ, IL-1β, iNOS and IL-2 in the CNS. It also modulates the activity of the transcription factor NF-kB which plays an important role in the progression of the PD. Thus, by altering these cytokines or transcription factors, Mp protects or prevents the progression of PD. Thus in this review we try to explore the immunomodulatory activity of Mp in PD.
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Siani F, Greco R, Levandis G, Ghezzi C, Daviddi F, Demartini C, Vegeto E, Fuzzati-Armentero MT, Blandini F. Influence of Estrogen Modulation on Glia Activation in a Murine Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:306. [PMID: 28620274 PMCID: PMC5449471 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest a sexual dimorphism in Parkinson disease (PD), with women showing lower risk of developing PD. Vulnerability of the nigrostriatal pathway may be influenced by exposure to estrogenic stimulation throughout fertile life. To further address this issue, we analyzed the progression of nigrostriatal damage, microglia and astrocyte activation and microglia polarization triggered by intrastriatal injection of dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in male, female and ovariectomized (OVX) mice, as well as in OVX mice supplemented with 17βestradiol (OVX+E). Animals were sacrificed at different time points following 6-OHDA injection and brain sections containing striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) underwent immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (dopaminergic marker), immunofluorescence for IBA1 and GFAP (markers of microglia and astrocyte activation, respectively) and triple immunoflorescent to identify polarization of microglia toward the cytotoxic M1 (DAPI/IBA1/TNFα) or cytoprotective M2 (DAPI/IBA1/CD206) phenotype. SNc damage induced by 6-OHDA was significantly higher in OVX mice, as compared to all other experimental groups, at 7 and 14 days after surgery. Astrocyte activation was higher in OVX mice with respect the other experimental groups, at all time points. Microglial activation in the SNc was detected at earlier time points in male, female and OVX+E, while in OVX mice was detected at all time-points. Microglia polarization toward the M2, but not the M1, phenotype was detected in female and OVX+E mice, while the M1 phenotype was observed only in male and OVX mice. Our results support the protective effects of estrogens against nigrostriatal degeneration, suggesting that such effects may be mediated by an interaction with microglia, which tend to polarize preferentially toward an M2, cytoprotective phenotype in the presence of intense estrogenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Siani
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
| | - Rosaria Greco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, Headache Science Center, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Levandis
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Ghezzi
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Daviddi
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Demartini
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, Headache Science Center, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vegeto
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Marie-Thérèse Fuzzati-Armentero
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
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da Costa IM, Cavalcanti JRLDP, de Queiroz DB, de Azevedo EP, do Rêgo ACM, Araújo Filho I, Parente P, Botelho MA, Guzen FP. Supplementation with Herbal Extracts to Promote Behavioral and Neuroprotective Effects in Experimental Models of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:959-970. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ianara Mendonça da Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center; State University of Rio Grande do Norte; Mossoró RN Brazil
| | - José Rodolfo Lopes de Paiva Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center; State University of Rio Grande do Norte; Mossoró RN Brazil
| | - Dinalva Brito de Queiroz
- Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology; Potiguar University (UnP) School of Health; Natal RN Brazil
| | | | | | - Irami Araújo Filho
- Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology; Potiguar University (UnP) School of Health; Natal RN Brazil
| | - Paulo Parente
- Neural Engineering and Control Lab. Dept. of Biomedical Engineering; Columbia University; New York USA
| | - Marco Antônio Botelho
- Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology; Potiguar University (UnP) School of Health; Natal RN Brazil
| | - Fausto Pierdoná Guzen
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center; State University of Rio Grande do Norte; Mossoró RN Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology; Potiguar University (UnP) School of Health; Natal RN Brazil
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Yadav SK, Rai SN, Singh SP. Mucuna pruriens reduces inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in Parkinsonian mice model. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 80:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abushouk AI, Negida A, Ahmed H, Abdel-Daim MM. Neuroprotective mechanisms of plant extracts against MPTP induced neurotoxicity: Future applications in Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:635-645. [PMID: 27890431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, affecting about seven to 10 million patients worldwide. The major pathological features of PD are loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway and accumulation of alpha-synuclein molecules, forming Lewy bodies. Until now, there is no effective cure for PD, and investigators are searching for neuroprotective strategies to stop or slow the disease progression. The MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) induced neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal pathway has been used to initiate PD in animal models. Multiple experimental studies showed the ability of several plant extracts to protect against MPTP induced neurotoxicity through activation of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase enzymes, which reduce the cellular concentration of free radicals, preventing intracellular Ca++ release and subsequent apoptosis signaling. Other neuroprotective mechanisms of plant extracts include promoting autophagy of alpha-synuclein molecules and exerting an antiapoptotic activity via inhibition of proteolytic poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and preventing caspase cleavage. The variety of neuroprotective mechanisms of natural plant extracts may allow researchers to target PD progression in different pathological stages and may be through multiple pathways. Further investigations are required to translate these neuroprotective mechanisms into safe and effective treatments for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; NovaMed Medical research Association, Cairo, Egypt; Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Negida
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt; Student Research Unit, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Hussien Ahmed
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt; Student Research Unit, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology department, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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Chen KB, Chen KC, Chang YL, Chang KL, Chang PC, Chang TT, Chen YC. In Silico Investigation of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Potential Lead Compounds as SPG7 Inhibitors against Coronary Artery Disease. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050588. [PMID: 27164068 PMCID: PMC6273800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of heart attack and the leading cause of mortality in the world. It is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased level of reactive oxygen species production. According to the Ottawa Heart Genomics Study genome-wide association study, a recent research identified that Q688 spastic paraplegia 7 (SPG7) variant is associated with CAD as it bypasses the regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of AFG3L2 and enhances the processing and maturation of SPG7 protein. This study aims to identify potential compounds isolated from Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) as potential lead compounds for paraplegin (SPG7) inhibitors. For the crystallographic structure of paraplegin, the disordered disposition of key amino acids in the binding site was predicted using the PONDR-Fit protocol before virtual screening. The TCM compounds saussureamine C and 3-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone, have potential binding affinities with stable H-bonds and hydrophobic contacts with key residues of paraplegin. A molecular dynamics simulation was performed to validate the stability of the interactions between each candidate and paraplegin under dynamic conditions. Hence, we propose these compounds as potential candidates as lead drug from the compounds isolated from TCM for further study in drug development process with paraplegin protein for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Bao Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Chung Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Lin Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Lung Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Ti Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chian Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Mannangatti P, Naidu KN. Indian Herbs for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 12:323-36. [PMID: 27651261 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine that is indigenous to India, is believed to be the world's oldest comprehensive health-care system and is now one of the most recognized and widely practiced disciplines of alternative medicine in the world. Medicinal herbs have been in use for treating diseases since ancient times in India. Ayurvedic therapies with medicinal herbs and herbomineral products generally provide relief without much adverse effects even after prolonged administration. Neurodegenerative disorders are a major cause of mortality and disability, and increasing life spans represent one of the key challenges of medical research. Ayurvedic medicine describes most neurodegenerative diseases and has defined a number of plants with therapeutic benefits for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases having antioxidant activities. In this chapter, the role of four important Ayurvedic medicinal plants, viz., Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Bacopa monnieri (brahmi), Centella asiatica (gotu kola), and Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean), on neurodegenerative diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabhan Mannangatti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Prakash J, Chouhan S, Yadav SK, Westfall S, Rai SN, Singh SP. Withania somnifera alleviates parkinsonian phenotypes by inhibiting apoptotic pathways in dopaminergic neurons. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:2527-36. [PMID: 25403619 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Maneb (MB) and paraquat (PQ) are environmental toxins that have been experimentally used to induce selective damage of dopaminergic neurons leading to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the mechanism of this selective neuronal toxicity in not fully understood, oxidative stress has been linked to the pathogenesis of PD. The present study investigates the mechanisms of neuroprotection elicited by Withania somnifera (Ws), a herb traditionally recognized by the Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda. An ethanolic root extract of Ws was co-treated with the MB-PQ induced mouse model of PD and was shown to significantly rescue canonical indicators of PD including compromised locomotor activity, reduced dopamine in the substantia nigra and various aspects of oxidative damage. In particular, Ws reduced the expression of iNOS, a measure of oxidative stress. Ws also significantly improved the MB + PQ mediated induction of a pro-apoptotic state by reducing Bax and inducing Bcl-2 protein expression, respectively. Finally, Ws reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory marker of astrocyte activation, GFAP. Altogether, the present study suggests that Ws treatment provides nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuroprotection against MB-PQ induced Parkinsonism by the modulation of oxidative stress and apoptotic machinery possibly accounting for the behavioural effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India,
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Poddighe S, De Rose F, Marotta R, Ruffilli R, Fanti M, Secci PP, Mostallino MC, Setzu MD, Zuncheddu MA, Collu I, Solla P, Marrosu F, Kasture S, Acquas E, Liscia A. Mucuna pruriens (Velvet bean) rescues motor, olfactory, mitochondrial and synaptic impairment in PINK1B9 Drosophila melanogaster genetic model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110802. [PMID: 25340511 PMCID: PMC4207759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) mutant for PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1B9) gene is a powerful tool to investigate physiopathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Using PINK1B9 mutant Dm we sought to explore the effects of Mucuna pruriens methanolic extract (Mpe), a L-Dopa-containing herbal remedy of PD. The effects of Mpe on PINK1B9 mutants, supplied with standard diet to larvae and adults, were assayed on 3-6 (I), 10-15 (II) and 20-25 (III) days old flies. Mpe 0.1% significantly extended lifespan of PINK1B9 and fully rescued olfactory response to 1-hexanol and improved climbing behavior of PINK1B9 of all ages; in contrast, L-Dopa (0.01%, percentage at which it is present in Mpe 0.1%) ameliorated climbing of only PINK1B9 flies of age step II. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of antennal lobes and thoracic ganglia of PINK1B9 revealed that Mpe restored to wild type (WT) levels both T-bars and damaged mitochondria. Western blot analysis of whole brain showed that Mpe, but not L-Dopa on its own, restored bruchpilot (BRP) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression to age-matched WT control levels. These results highlight multiple sites of action of Mpe, suggesting that its effects cannot only depend upon its L-Dopa content and support the clinical observation of Mpe as an effective medication with intrinsic ability of delaying the onset of chronic L-Dopa-induced long-term motor complications. Overall, this study strengthens the relevance of using PINK1B9 Dm as a translational model to study the properties of Mucuna pruriens for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Poddighe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Marotta
- Electron Microscopy Lab, Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Ruffilli
- Electron Microscopy Lab, Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maura Fanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Ignazio Collu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Solla
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Marrosu
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sanjay Kasture
- Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kopargaon, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Elio Acquas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Study of Neurobiology of Addiction, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience - INN, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Liscia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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