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Caceres S, Monsalve B, Alonso-Diez A, Crespo B, Illera MJ, de Andres PJ, Silvan G, Illera JC. Blocking Estrogen Synthesis Leads to Different Hormonal Responses in Canine and Human Triple Negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194967. [PMID: 34638451 PMCID: PMC8507680 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking estrogen synthesis by inhibitors of estrogen synthesis is a widely used therapy against estrogen receptor-positive tumors. However, these therapies are less effective in negative expression tumors. Therefore, this study determined the effectiveness of anti-aromatase and anti-sulfatase therapies in canine and human inflammatory breast cancer. Cell cultures and xenografts from IPC-366 and SUM149 were treated with different doses of letrozole (anti-aromatase) and STX-64 (anti-sulfatase), in order to observe their effectiveness in terms of cell proliferation, tumor progression, and the appearance of metastases and hormonal profiles. The results revealed that both treatments are effective in vitro since they reduce cell proliferation and decrease the secreted estrogen levels. In xenograft mice, while treatment with letrozole reduces tumor progression by 30-40%, STX-64 increases tumor progression by 20%. The hormonal results obtained determined that STX-64 produced an increase in circulating and intratumoral levels of estradiol, which led to an increase in tumor progression. However, letrozole was able to block estrogen synthesis by decreasing the levels of circulating and intratumoral estrogen and thus slowing down tumor progression. In conclusion, letrozole can be an effective treatment for canine and human inflammatory breast cancer. The knowledge of the hormonal profile of breast tumors reflects useful information on the effectiveness of different endocrine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Caceres
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.I.); (G.S.); (J.C.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-653-675-149
| | - Beatriz Monsalve
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.I.); (G.S.); (J.C.I.)
| | - Angela Alonso-Diez
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-D.); (P.J.d.A.)
| | - Belén Crespo
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.I.); (G.S.); (J.C.I.)
| | - Maria Jose Illera
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.I.); (G.S.); (J.C.I.)
| | - Paloma Jimena de Andres
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-D.); (P.J.d.A.)
| | - Gema Silvan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.I.); (G.S.); (J.C.I.)
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.I.); (G.S.); (J.C.I.)
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2
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Singh T, Mishra A, Goel RK. PTZ kindling model for epileptogenesis, refractory epilepsy, and associated comorbidities: relevance and reliability. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1573-1590. [PMID: 34427842 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure is one of the gold standard mouse models for rapid evaluation of novel anticonvulsants. Synchronically, PTZ induced kindling in mice is also a simple and well accepted model of chronic epilepsy. PTZ kindling has been explored for studying epileptogenesis, epilepsy-associated comorbidities, and refractory epilepsy. This review summarizes the potential of PTZ kindling in mice and its modifications for its face, construct, and predictive validity to screen antiepileptogenic drugs, combined or add on novel and safe therapies for treatment of epilepsy-associated depression and cognitive impairment as well as effective interventions for pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Guwahati , Changsari, Kamrup , 781101 , Assam , India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India.
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3
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Kim SS, Kan H, Hwang KS, Yang JY, Son Y, Shin DS, Lee BH, Ahn SH, Ahn JH, Cho SH, Bae MA. Neurochemical Effects of 4-(2Chloro-4-Fluorobenzyl)-3-(2-Thienyl)-1,2,4-Oxadiazol-5(4H)-One in the Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-Induced Epileptic Seizure Zebrafish Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1285. [PMID: 33525453 PMCID: PMC7865321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, and it is characterized by spontaneous seizures. In a previous study, we identified 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-one (GM-90432) as a novel anti-epileptic agent in chemically- or genetically-induced epileptic zebrafish and mouse models. In this study, we investigated the anti-epileptic effects of GM-90432 through neurochemical profiling-based approach to understand the neuroprotective mechanism in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic seizure zebrafish model. GM-90432 effectively improved PTZ-induced epileptic behaviors via upregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 17-β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, 5α -dihydroprogesterone, and allopregnanolone levels, and downregulation of normetanephrine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and cortisol levels in brain tissue. GM-90432 also had a protective effect against PTZ-induced oxidative stress and zebrafish death, suggesting that it exhibits biphasic neuroprotective effects via scavenging of reactive oxygen species and anti-epileptic activities in a zebrafish model. In conclusion, our results suggest that neurochemical profiling study could be used to better understand of anti-epileptic mechanism of GM-90432, potentially leading to new drug discovery and development of anti-seizure agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Soon Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.S.K.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.S.); (D.-S.S.); (B.H.L.)
| | - Hyemin Kan
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.S.K.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.S.); (D.-S.S.); (B.H.L.)
| | - Kyu-Seok Hwang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.S.K.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.S.); (D.-S.S.); (B.H.L.)
| | - Jung Yoon Yang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.S.K.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.S.); (D.-S.S.); (B.H.L.)
| | - Yuji Son
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.S.K.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.S.); (D.-S.S.); (B.H.L.)
| | - Dae-Seop Shin
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.S.K.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.S.); (D.-S.S.); (B.H.L.)
| | - Byung Hoi Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.S.K.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.S.); (D.-S.S.); (B.H.L.)
| | - Se Hwan Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea; (S.H.A.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea; (S.H.A.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Sung-Hee Cho
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.S.K.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.S.); (D.-S.S.); (B.H.L.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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4
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Miziak B, Chrościńska-Krawczyk M, Czuczwar SJ. Neurosteroids and Seizure Activity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:541802. [PMID: 33117274 PMCID: PMC7561372 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.541802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Still circa 25% to 30% of patients with epilepsy cannot be efficiently controlled with available antiepileptic drugs so newer pharmacological treatment options have been continuously searched for. In this context, a group of endogenous or exogenous neurosteroids allosterically positively modulating GABA-A receptors may offer a promising approach. Among endogenous neurosteroids synthesized in the brain, allopregnanolone or allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone have been documented to exert anticonvulsant activity in a number of experimental models of seizures-pentylenetetrazol-, bicuculline- pilocarpine-, or 6 Hz-induced convulsions in rodents. Neurosteroids can also inhibit fully kindled seizures and some of them have been reported to counteract maximal electroshock-induced convulsions. An exogenous neurosteroid, alphaxalone, significantly elevated the threshold for maximal electroconvulsions in mice but it did not potentiate the anticonvulsive action of a number of conventional antiepileptic drugs against maximal electroshock-induced seizures. Androsterone not only elevated the threshold but significantly enhanced the protective action of carbamazepine, gabapentin and phenobarbital against maximal electroshock in mice, as well. Ganaxolone (a 3beta-methylated analog of allopregnanolone) needs special consideration for two reasons. First, it performed better than conventional antiepileptic drugs, diazepam or valproate, in suppressing convulsive and lethal effects of pentylenetetrazol in pentylenetetrazol-kindled mice. Second, ganaxolone has been evaluated in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial in patients with intractable partial seizures, taking maximally 3 antiepileptic drugs. The initial results indicate that add-on therapy with ganaxolone resulted in reduced seizure frequency with adverse effect being mainly mild to moderate. Possibly, ganaxolone may be also considered against catamenial seizures. Some positive effects of ganaxolone as an adjuvant were also observed in children with refractory seizures and its use may also prove efficient for the management of neonatal seizures associated with hypoxic injury. Neurosteroids positively modulating GABA-A receptor complex exert anticonvulsive activity in many experimental models of seizures. Their interactions with antiepileptic drugs seem ambiguous in mice. Initial clinical data indicate that ganaxolone may provide a better seizure control in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Miziak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Stanisław J. Czuczwar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Stanisław J. Czuczwar,
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5
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Kelicen-Ugur P, Cincioğlu-Palabıyık M, Çelik H, Karahan H. Interactions of Aromatase and Seladin-1: A Neurosteroidogenic and Gender Perspective. Transl Neurosci 2019; 10:264-279. [PMID: 31737354 PMCID: PMC6843488 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase and seladin-1 are enzymes that have major roles in estrogen synthesis and are important in both brain physiology and pathology. Aromatase is the key enzyme that catalyzes estrogen biosynthesis from androgen precursors and regulates the brain’s neurosteroidogenic activity. Seladin-1 is the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, the precursor of all hormones, from desmosterol. Studies indicated that seladin-1 is a downstream mediator of the neuroprotective activity of estrogen. Recently, we also showed that there is an interaction between aromatase and seladin-1 in the brain. Therefore, the expression of local brain aromatase and seladin-1 is important, as they produce neuroactive steroids in the brain for the protection of neuronal damage. Increasing steroid biosynthesis specifically in the central nervous system (CNS) without affecting peripheral hormone levels may be possible by manipulating brain-specific promoters of steroidogenic enzymes. This review emphasizes that local estrogen, rather than plasma estrogen, may be responsible for estrogens’ protective effects in the brain. Therefore, the roles of aromatase and seladin-1 and their interactions in neurodegenerative events such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), ischemia/reperfusion injury (stroke), and epilepsy are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Kelicen-Ugur
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Sıhhiye Ankara Turkey
| | - Mehtap Cincioğlu-Palabıyık
- Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency (TITCK), Department of Regulatory Affairs, Division of Pharmacological Assessment, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hande Çelik
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Sıhhiye Ankara Turkey
| | - Hande Karahan
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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6
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Cheng J, Wu H, Liu H, Li H, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Li H, Xu W, Xie J. Exposure of Hyperandrogen During Pregnancy Causes Depression- and Anxiety-Like Behaviors, and Reduced Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Rat Offspring. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:436. [PMID: 31139042 PMCID: PMC6519321 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a region in which neurogenesis persists and retains substantial plasticity throughout lifespan. Accumulating evidences indicate an important role of androgens and androgenic signaling in the regulation of offspring hippocampal neurogenesis and the survival of mature or immature neurons and gliocyte. Hyperandrogenic disorders have been associated with depression and anxiety. Previous studies have found that pregnant hyperandrogenism may increase the susceptibility of the offspring to depression or anxiety and lead to abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. In this study, pregnant rats were given subcutaneous injection of aromatase inhibitor letrozole in order to establish a maternal hyperandrogenic environment for the fetal rats. The lithium chloride (LICl) was used as an intervention agent since a previous study has shown that lithium chloride could promote neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The results revealed that pregnant administration of letrozole resulted in depressive- and anxious-like behaviors in the adolescent period. A remarkable decrease in immature nerve cells marked by doublecortin and mature neurons co-expressed by Brdu and NeuN in adult years were detected in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adolescent rats. Lithium chloride alleviated the effects on neurobehavioral and promoted the differentiation and proliferation of neural progenitor cells, while a hyperandrogenic intrauterine environment had no effects on astrocytes marked by GFAP in the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related to normal development of hippocampus was examined but there was no significant changes in Wnt signaling pathway members. Our study provides evidence that exposure of androgen during pregnancy leads to alterations in depressive, anxious and stereotypical behaviors and these phenotypes are possibly associated with changes in neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cheng
- Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest JiaoTong University Medical School, Chengdu, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haojuan Wu
- Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest JiaoTong University Medical School, Chengdu, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest JiaoTong University Medical School, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Li
- Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest JiaoTong University Medical School, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest JiaoTong University Medical School, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongmei Zhou
- Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest JiaoTong University Medical School, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest JiaoTong University Medical School, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenming Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Xie
- Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest JiaoTong University Medical School, Chengdu, China
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Iqbal R, Ahmed S, Jain GK, Vohora D. Design and development of letrozole nanoemulsion: A comparative evaluation of brain targeted nanoemulsion with free letrozole against status epilepticus and neurodegeneration in mice. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:20-32. [PMID: 31051232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The target of the current study is to formulate letrozole loaded nanoemulsion (LET-NE) for the direct nose to brain delivery to reduce peripheral effects of letrozole (LET). LET-NE is compared against intraperitoneally administered free LET in kainic acid (KA) induced status epilepticus (SE) in mice. LET loaded nanoemulsion (LET-NE) was prepared by aqueous microtitration method using Triacetin, Tween 80 and PEG-400 as the oil phase, surfactant, and co-surfactant. Nanoemulsion was studied for droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, percentage transmittance, drug content, surface morphology. TEM images of developed formulation demonstrated spherical droplets with a mean diameter of 95.59 ± 2.34 nm, PDI of 0.162 ± 0.012 and zeta potential of -7.12 ± 0.12 mV respectively. In in-vitro and ex-vivo drug release, LET-NE showed prolonged drug release profile as compared to suspension. SE was induced by KA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in Swiss albino mice. Behavioral seizure monitoring, biochemical estimations, and histopathological examination were performed. The onset time of SE was significantly enhanced and % incidence of SE was reduced by intranasal administration of LET-NE as compared to KA and LET administered intraperitoneally. Biochemical estimations revealed that LET-NE effectively decreased levels of 17-β estradiol while the levels of 5α-Dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) and 3α-androstanediol (3α-Diol) were significantly increased in the hippocampus. In cresyl violet staining LET-NE showed better protection of the hippocampus from neurotoxicity induced by KA as compared to LET. Also, in gamma scintigraphy of mouse brain, intranasal administration of nanoemulsion exhibited the presence of high concentration of LET. The study demonstrates the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effect of LET-NE probably by inhibition of aromatization of testosterone into 17-β estradiol, proconvulsant, and diverting the pathway into the synthesis of testosterone metabolites, 3α-Diol with known anticonvulsant and neuroprotective action. Brain targeting of LET-NE showed better anticonvulsant and neuroprotective action than LET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Iqbal
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shakeeb Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Gaurav K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Tutka P, Mróz K, Mróz T, Buszewicz G, Aebisher D, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Kołodziejczyk P, Łuszczki JJ. Effects of androsterone on the protective action of various antiepileptic drugs against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:27-34. [PMID: 30408720 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of androsterone (AND), a metabolite of testosterone, on the ability of selected classical and novel antiepileptic drugs to prevent seizures caused by maximal electroshock (MES), which may serve as an experimental model of human generalized tonic-clonic seizures in mice. Single intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of AND (80 mg kg-1) significantly raised the threshold for convulsions in the MES seizure threshold test. Lower doses of AND (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg kg-1) failed to change the threshold. AND at a subthreshold dose of 40 mg kg-1 significantly enhanced the protective activity of carbamazepine, gabapentin, and phenobarbital against MES-induced seizures decreasing their median effective doses (ED50) values ± SEM from 8.59 ± 0.76 to 6.05 ± 0.81 mg kg-1 (p = 0.0308) for carbamazepine, from 419.9 ± 120.6 to 111.5 ± 41.1 mg kg-1 (p = 0.0405) for gabapentin, and from 20.86 ± 1.64 to 10.0 ± 1.21 mg kg-1 (p = 0.0007) for phenobarbital. There were no significant changes in total brain concentrations of carbamazepine, gabapentin, and phenobarbital following AND administration. This suggests that the enhancing effects of AND on the protective activity of these antiepileptic drugs are not related to pharmacokinetic factors. A lower dose of AND (20 mg kg-1) had no effect on the protective activity of carbamazepine, gabapentin, and phenobarbital. AND administered at a dose of 40 mg kg-1 failed to change the anticonvulsant activity of lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, topiramate, and valproate in the MES test. In the chimney test, AND given at a dose enhancing the protective activity of carbamazepine, gabapentin, and phenobarbital (which alone was without effect on motor performance of mice) did not affect impairment of motor coordination produced by the antiepileptics. Our findings recommend further preclinical and clinical research on AND in respect of its use as adjuvant therapy in the management of epilepsy in men with deficiency of androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Tutka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Al. Kopisto 2a, PL, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland; Laboratory for Innovative Research in Pharmacology, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences', University of Rzeszów, Warzywna 1A, PL, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Mróz
- Department of Neurology, District Hospital, Cicha 14, PL, 21-100, Lubartów, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mróz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, PL, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, PL, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Al. Kopisto 2a, PL, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Al. Kopisto 2a, PL, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Patrycjusz Kołodziejczyk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Al. Kopisto 2a, PL, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Jarogniew J Łuszczki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, PL, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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9
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Aromatase inhibition by letrozole attenuates kainic acid-induced seizures but not neurotoxicity in mice. Epilepsy Res 2018; 143:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Goenka L, George M, Sen M. A peek into the drug development scenario of endometriosis – A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:575-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Kalam A, Talegaonkar S, Vohora D. Data of aromatase inhibitors alone and in combination with raloxifene on microarchitecture of lumbar vertebrae and strength test in femoral diaphysis of VCD treated ovotoxic mice. Data Brief 2017; 10:444-448. [PMID: 28054005 PMCID: PMC5198587 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the third generation aromatase inhibitors are the drugs of choice for treatment of early and advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The negative impact of these drugs on bone health is the significant limiting factor during this therapy. Here we report the effect of two aromatase inhibitors viz. letrozole and exemestane alone and in combination with raloxifene on lumbar vertebrae and femoral diaphysis after one month of treatment but no discernible effects were observed on bone when tested by micro CT and strength test except in trabecular number which was reduced in lumbar vertebrae following letrozole and exemestane. Further studies with letrozole and exemestane should be done at higher doses for longer duration of time to check whether effects are observed in other parameters as well. The data is an extension of our published work in Mol. Cell Endocrinology (A. Kalam, S. Talegaonkar, D. Vohora, 2017) [1] describing letrozole-induced bone loss on femoral epiphysis and its reversal by raloxifene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Corresponding author.
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