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Guerriero C, Manfredelli M, Matera C, Iuzzolino A, Conti L, Dallanoce C, De Amici M, Trisciuoglio D, Tata AM. M2 Muscarinic Receptor Stimulation Induces Autophagy in Human Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells via mTOR Complex-1 Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:25. [PMID: 38201453 PMCID: PMC10778261 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although autophagy is a pro-survival process of tumor cells, it can stimulate cell death in particular conditions and when differently regulated by specific signals. We previously demonstrated that the selective stimulation of the M2 muscarinic receptor subtype (mAChR) negatively controls cell proliferation and survival and causes oxidative stress and cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in both GBM cell lines and GBM stem cells (GSCs). In this work, we have evaluated whether autophagy was induced as a downstream mechanism of the observed cytotoxic processes induced by M2 mAChR activation by the orthosteric agonist APE or the dualsteric agonist N8-Iper (N8). METHODS To assess the activation of autophagy, we analyzed the expression of LC3B using Western blot analysis and in LC3B-EGFP transfected cell lines. Apoptosis was assessed by measuring the protein expression of Caspases 3 and 9. RESULTS Our data indicate that activation of M2 mAChR by N8 promotes autophagy in both U251 and GB7 cell lines as suggested by the LC3B-II expression level and analysis of the transfected cells by fluorescence microscopy. Autophagy induction by M2 mAChRs is regulated by the decreased activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway and upregulated by pAMPK expression. Downstream of autophagy activation, an increase in apoptosis was also observed in both cell lines after treatment with the two M2 agonists. CONCLUSIONS N8 treatment causes autophagy via pAMPK upregulation, followed by apoptosis in both investigated cell lines. In contrast, the absence of autophagy in APE-treated GSC cells seems to indicate that cell death could be triggered by mechanisms alternative to those observed for N8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guerriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Marianna Manfredelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Carlo Matera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (C.D.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Angela Iuzzolino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (A.I.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciano Conti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (C.D.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Marco De Amici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (C.D.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (A.I.)
- Research Centre of Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Consortium Interuniversity Biotechnologies (CIB), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Matera C, Kauk M, Cirillo D, Maspero M, Papotto C, Volpato D, Holzgrabe U, De Amici M, Hoffmann C, Dallanoce C. Novel Xanomeline-Containing Bitopic Ligands of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Design, Synthesis and FRET Investigation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052407. [PMID: 36903650 PMCID: PMC10005175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) receptor sensors have contributed to the understanding of GPCR ligand binding and functional activation. FRET sensors based on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have been employed to study dual-steric ligands, allowing for the detection of different kinetics and distinguishing between partial, full, and super agonism. Herein, we report the synthesis of the two series of bitopic ligands, 12-Cn and 13-Cn, and their pharmacological investigation at the M1, M2, M4, and M5 FRET-based receptor sensors. The hybrids were prepared by merging the pharmacophoric moieties of the M1/M4-preferring orthosteric agonist Xanomeline 10 and the M1-selective positive allosteric modulator 77-LH-28-1 (1-[3-(4-butyl-1-piperidinyl)propyl]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone) 11. The two pharmacophores were connected through alkylene chains of different lengths (C3, C5, C7, and C9). Analyzing the FRET responses, the tertiary amine compounds 12-C5, 12-C7, and 12-C9 evidenced a selective activation of M1 mAChRs, while the methyl tetrahydropyridinium salts 13-C5, 13-C7, and 13-C9 showed a degree of selectivity for M1 and M4 mAChRs. Moreover, whereas hybrids 12-Cn showed an almost linear response at the M1 subtype, hybrids 13-Cn evidenced a bell-shaped activation response. This different activation pattern suggests that the positive charge anchoring the compound 13-Cn to the orthosteric site ensues a degree of receptor activation depending on the linker length, which induces a graded conformational interference with the binding pocket closure. These bitopic derivatives represent novel pharmacological tools for a better understanding of ligand-receptor interactions at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Matera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Kauk
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans Knoell Str. 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Davide Cirillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Maspero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Papotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Volpato
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco De Amici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans Knoell Str. 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-19327
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Neurotransmitters: Potential Targets in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163970. [PMID: 36010960 PMCID: PMC9406056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aiming to discover potential treatments for GBM, this review connects emerging research on the roles of neurotransmitters in the normal neural and the GBM microenvironments and sheds light on the prospects of their application in the neuropharmacology of GBM. Conventional therapy is blamed for its poor effect, especially in inhibiting tumor recurrence and invasion. Facing this dilemma, we focus on neurotransmitters that modulate GBM initiation, progression and invasion, hoping to provide novel therapy targeting GBM. By analyzing research concerning GBM therapy systematically and scientifically, we discover increasing insights into the regulatory effects of neurotransmitters, some of which have already shown great potential in research in vivo or in vitro. After that, we further summarize the potential drugs in correlation with previously published research. In summary, it is worth expecting that targeting neurotransmitters could be a promising novel pharmacological approach for GBM treatment. Abstract For decades, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a type of the most lethal brain tumor, has remained a formidable challenge in terms of its treatment. Recently, many novel discoveries have underlined the regulatory roles of neurotransmitters in the microenvironment both physiologically and pathologically. By targeting the receptors synaptically or non-synaptically, neurotransmitters activate multiple signaling pathways. Significantly, many ligands acting on neurotransmitter receptors have shown great potential for inhibiting GBM growth and development, requiring further research. Here, we provide an overview of the most novel advances concerning the role of neurotransmitters in the normal neural and the GBM microenvironments, and discuss potential targeted drugs used for GBM treatment.
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Taggi M, Kovacevic A, Capponi C, Falcinelli M, Cacciamani V, Vicini E, Canipari R, Tata AM. The activation of M2 muscarinic receptor inhibits cell growth and survival in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1440-1453. [PMID: 35775813 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in females. Many ovarian tumor cell lines express muscarinic receptors (mAChRs), and their expression is correlated with reduced survival of patients. We have characterized the expression of mAChRs in two human ovarian carcinoma cell lines (SKOV-3, TOV-21G) and two immortalized ovarian surface epithelium cell lines (iOSE-120, iOSE-398). Among the five subtypes of mAChRs (M1-M5 receptors), we focused our attention on the M2 receptor, which is involved in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR analyses indicated that the levels of M2 are statistically downregulated in cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated the effect of arecaidine propargyl ester hydrobromide (APE), a preferential M2 agonist, on cell growth and survival. APE treatment decreased cell number in a dose and time-dependent manner by decreasing cell proliferation and increasing cell death. FACS and immunocytochemistry analysis have also demonstrated the ability of APE to accumulate the cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle and to increase the percentage of abnormal mitosis. The higher level of M2 receptors in the iOSE cells rendered these cells more sensitive to APE treatment than cancer cells. The data here reported suggest that M2 has a negative role in cell growth/survival of ovarian cell lines, and its downregulation may favor tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Taggi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, Section of Histology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andjela Kovacevic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, Section of Histology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Capponi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, Section of Histology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Falcinelli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, Section of Histology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Cacciamani
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, Section of Histology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Vicini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, Section of Histology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Canipari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, Section of Histology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Guerriero C, Matera C, Del Bufalo D, De Amici M, Conti L, Dallanoce C, Tata AM. The Combined Treatment with Chemotherapeutic Agents and the Dualsteric Muscarinic Agonist Iper-8-Naphthalimide Affects Drug Resistance in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081877. [PMID: 34440646 PMCID: PMC8391681 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by heterogeneous cell populations. Among these, the Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSCs) fraction shares some similarities with Neural Stem Cells. GSCs exhibit enhanced resistance to conventional chemotherapy drugs. Our previous studies demonstrated that the activation of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) negatively modulates GSCs proliferation and survival. The aim of the present study was to analyze the ability of the M2 dualsteric agonist Iper-8-naphthalimide (N-8-Iper) to counteract GSCs drug resistance. METHODS Chemosensitivity to M2 dualsteric agonist N-8-Iper and chemotherapy drugs such as temozolomide, doxorubicin, or cisplatin was evaluated in vitro by MTT assay in two different GSC lines. Drug efflux pumps expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. RESULTS By using sub-toxic concentrations of N-8-Iper combined with the individual chemotherapeutic agents, we found that only low doses of the M2 agonist combined with doxorubicin or cisplatin or temozolomide were significantly able to counteract cell growth in both GSC lines. Moreover, we evaluated as the exposure to high and low doses of N-8-Iper downregulated the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug efflux pumps expression levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed the ability of the investigated M2 agonist to counteract drug resistance in two GSC lines, at least partially by downregulating the ABC drug efflux pumps expression. The combined effects of low doses of conventional chemotherapy and M2 agonists may thus represent a novel promising pharmacological approach to impair the GSC-drug resistance in the GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guerriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Matera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.D.A.); (C.D.)
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00187 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco De Amici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.D.A.); (C.D.)
| | - Luciano Conti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.D.A.); (C.D.)
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Research Centre of Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Li Y, Tian D, Chen H, Cai Y, Chen S, Duan S. MicroRNA-490-3p and -490-5p in carcinogenesis: Separate or the same goal? Oncol Lett 2021; 22:678. [PMID: 34345303 PMCID: PMC8323007 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-490-3p and miR-490-5p, located on chromosome 7q33, are two independent mature products of miR-490 exerting distinct effects on tumor progression. miR-490-3p and miR-490-5p possess antitumor properties. miR-490-3p dysfunction has been associated with malignancies including colorectal cancer, while the abnormal function of miR-490-5p has been more considerably associated with bladder cancer (for example). At present, there are 30 and 11 target genes of miR-490-3p and miR-490-5p, respectively, that have been experimentally verified, of which the cyclin D1 (CCND1) gene is a common target. Through these target genes, miR-490-3p and miR-490-5p are involved in 7 and 3 signaling pathways, respectively, of which only 2 are shared regulatory signaling pathways. The present review introduces two competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks centered on miR-490-3p and miR-490-5p. These networks may be important promoters of tumor cell proliferation, invasiveness, metastatic potential and apoptosis. Unlike miR-490-5p, miR-490-3p plays a unique role in promoting cancer. However, both are promising molecular markers for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, miR-490-3p was also found to be associated with the chemical resistance of cisplatin and paclitaxel. The present review focuses on the abnormal expression of miR-490-3p and miR-490-5p in different tumor types, and their complex ceRNA regulatory networks. The clinical value of miR-490-3p and miR-490-5p in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment is also clarified, and an explanation for the opposing effects of miR-490-3p in tumor research is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Tian
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yuanting Cai
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Sang Chen
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
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Di Bari M, Tombolillo V, Alessandrini F, Guerriero C, Fiore M, Asteriti IA, Castigli E, Sciaccaluga M, Guarguaglini G, Degrassi F, Tata AM. M2 Muscarinic Receptor Activation Impairs Mitotic Progression and Bipolar Mitotic Spindle Formation in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071727. [PMID: 34359896 PMCID: PMC8306299 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by several genetic abnormalities, leading to cell cycle deregulation and abnormal mitosis caused by a defective checkpoint. We previously demonstrated that arecaidine propargyl ester (APE), an orthosteric agonist of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), arrests the cell cycle of glioblastoma (GB) cells, reducing their survival. The aim of this work was to better characterize the molecular mechanisms responsible for this cell cycle arrest. Methods: The arrest of cell proliferation was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Using immunocytochemistry and time-lapse analysis, the percentage of abnormal mitosis and aberrant mitotic spindles were assessed in both cell lines. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the modulation of Sirtuin2 and acetylated tubulin—factors involved in the control of cell cycle progression. Results: APE treatment caused arrest in the M phase, as indicated by the increase in p-HH3 (ser10)-positive cells. By immunocytochemistry, we found a significant increase in abnormal mitoses and multipolar mitotic spindle formation after APE treatment. Time-lapse analysis confirmed that the APE-treated GB cells were unable to correctly complete the mitosis. The modulated expression of SIRT2 and acetylated tubulin in APE-treated cells provides new insights into the mechanisms of altered mitotic progression in both GB cell lines. Conclusions: Our data show that the M2 agonist increases aberrant mitosis in GB cell lines. These results strengthen the idea of considering M2 acetylcholine receptors a novel promising therapeutic target for the glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Di Bari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.T.); (F.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Vanessa Tombolillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.T.); (F.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesco Alessandrini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.T.); (F.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Claudia Guerriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.T.); (F.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Mario Fiore
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (I.A.A.); (G.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Italia Anna Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (I.A.A.); (G.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Emilia Castigli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Miriam Sciaccaluga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (I.A.A.); (G.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Francesca Degrassi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (I.A.A.); (G.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.T.); (F.A.); (C.G.)
- Research Centre of Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Parasympathetic influences in cancer pathogenesis: further insights. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1491-1493. [PMID: 33398710 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Functional Characterization of Cholinergic Receptors in Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113141. [PMID: 33120929 PMCID: PMC7693616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the scientific community has come to terms with the importance of non-neural acetylcholine in light of its multiple biological and pathological functions within and outside the nervous system. Apart from its well-known physiological role both in the central and peripheral nervous systems, in the autonomic nervous system, and in the neuromuscular junction, the expression of the acetylcholine receptors has been detected in different peripheral organs. This evidence has contributed to highlight new roles for acetylcholine in various biological processes, (e.g., cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, migration, secretion). In addition, growing evidence in recent years has also demonstrated new roles for acetylcholine and its receptors in cancer, where they are involved in the modulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and epithelial mesenchymal transition. In this review, we describe the functional characterization of acetylcholine receptors in different tumor types, placing attention on melanoma. The latest set of data accessible through literature, albeit limited, highlights how cholinergic receptors both of muscarinic and nicotinic type can play a relevant role in the migratory processes of melanoma cells, suggesting their possible involvement in invasion and metastasis.
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Role of the parasympathetic nervous system in cancer initiation and progression. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:669-681. [PMID: 32770391 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression. Accumulated evidences clearly show that the sympathetic nervous system exerts stimulatory effects on carcinogenesis and cancer growth. However, the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in cancer has been much less elucidated. Whereas retrospective studies in vagotomized patients and experiments employing vagotomized animals indicate the parasympathetic nervous system has an inhibitory effect on cancer, clinical studies in patients with prostate cancer indicate it has stimulatory effects. Therefore, the aim of this paper is a critical evaluation of the available data related to the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in cancer.
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Salem A, Martínez Pulido P, Sanchez F, Sanchez Y, Español A, Sales M. Effect of low dose metronomic therapy on MCF-7 tumor cells growth and angiogenesis. Role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Matera C, Flammini L, Riefolo F, Domenichini G, De Amici M, Barocelli E, Dallanoce C, Bertoni S. Novel analgesic agents obtained by molecular hybridization of orthosteric and allosteric ligands. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 876:173061. [PMID: 32179086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high incidence of acute and chronic pain in the general population, the efficacy of currently available medications is unsatisfactory. Insufficient management of pain has a profound impact on the quality of life and can have serious physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences. This unmet need reflects a failure to develop novel classes of analgesic drugs with superior clinical properties and lower risk of abuse. Nevertheless, recent advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of pain are offering new opportunities for developing different therapeutic approaches. Among those, the activation of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which play a key role in the cholinergic regulation of the nociceptive transmission, constitutes one of the most promising strategies. We have recently developed a small library of novel pharmacological agents by merging the structures of known orthosteric and allosteric muscarinic ligands through their molecular hybridization, an emerging approach in medicinal chemistry based on the combination of pharmacophoric moieties of different bioactive substances to produce a new compound with improved pharmacological properties. Herein we report the functional characterization of the new ligands in vitro and the assessment of their efficacy as analgesic agents and tolerability in mice. This work provides new insights for the development and optimization of novel muscarinic hybrid compounds for the management of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Matera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Riefolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Domenichini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco De Amici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Cristofaro I, Alessandrini F, Spinello Z, Guerriero C, Fiore M, Caffarelli E, Laneve P, Dini L, Conti L, Tata AM. Cross Interaction between M2 Muscarinic Receptor and Notch1/EGFR Pathway in Human Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells: Effects on Cell Cycle Progression and Survival. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030657. [PMID: 32182759 PMCID: PMC7140674 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most aggressive form of primary brain tumors in humans. A key feature of malignant gliomas is their cellular heterogeneity. In particular, the presence of an undifferentiated cell population of defined Glioblastoma Stem cells (GSCs) was reported. Increased expression of anti-apoptotic and chemo-resistance genes in GCSs subpopulation favors their high resistance to a broad spectrum of drugs. Our previous studies showed the ability of M2 muscarinic receptors to negatively modulate the cell growth in GBM cell lines and in the GSCs. The aim of this study was to better characterize the inhibitory effects of M2 receptors on cell proliferation and survival in GSCs and investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the M2-mediated cell proliferation arrest and decreased survival. Moreover, we also evaluated the ability of M2 receptors to interfere with Notch1 and EGFR pathways, whose activation promotes GSCs proliferation. Our data demonstrate that M2 receptors activation impairs cell cycle progression and survival in the primary GSC lines analyzed (GB7 and GB8). Moreover, we also demonstrated the ability of M2 receptor to inhibit Notch1 and EGFR expression, highlighting a molecular interaction between M2 receptor and the Notch-1/EGFR pathways also in GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cristofaro
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.C.); (F.A.); (Z.S.); (C.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Francesco Alessandrini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.C.); (F.A.); (Z.S.); (C.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.C.); (F.A.); (Z.S.); (C.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Claudia Guerriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.C.); (F.A.); (Z.S.); (C.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Mario Fiore
- IBPM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (E.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Elisa Caffarelli
- IBPM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (E.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Pietro Laneve
- IBPM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (E.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.C.); (F.A.); (Z.S.); (C.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Luciano Conti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.C.); (F.A.); (Z.S.); (C.G.); (L.D.)
- Research center of Neurobiology, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-2822
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14
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M2 Receptor Activation Counteracts the Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cell Response to Hypoxia Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051700. [PMID: 32131421 PMCID: PMC7084794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor. Hypoxic condition is a predominant feature of the GBM contributing to tumor growth and resistance to conventional therapies. Hence, the identification of drugs able to impair GBM malignancy and aggressiveness is considered of great clinical relevance. Previously, we demonstrated that the activation of M2 muscarinic receptors, through the agonist arecaidine propargyl ester (Ape), arrests cell proliferation in GBM cancer stem cells (GSCs). In the present work, we have characterized the response of GSCs to hypoxic condition showing an upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors and factors involved in the regulation of GSCs survival and proliferation. Ape treatment in hypoxic conditions is however able to inhibit cell cycle progression, causing a significant increase of aberrant mitosis with consequent decreased cell survival. Additionally, qRT-PCR analysis suggest that Ape downregulates the expression of stemness markers and miR-210 levels, one of the main regulators of the responses to hypoxic condition in different tumor types. Our data demonstrate that Ape impairs the GSCs proliferation and survival also in hypoxic condition, negatively modulating the adaptive response of GSCs to hypoxia.
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15
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Jakubik J, El-Fakahany EE. Current Advances in Allosteric Modulation of Muscarinic Receptors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020325. [PMID: 32085536 PMCID: PMC7072599 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric modulators are ligands that bind to a site on the receptor that is spatially separated from the orthosteric binding site for the endogenous neurotransmitter. Allosteric modulators modulate the binding affinity, potency, and efficacy of orthosteric ligands. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are prototypical allosterically-modulated G-protein-coupled receptors. They are a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of psychiatric, neurologic, and internal diseases like schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington disease, type 2 diabetes, or chronic pulmonary obstruction. Here, we reviewed the progress made during the last decade in our understanding of their mechanisms of binding, allosteric modulation, and in vivo actions in order to understand the translational impact of studying this important class of pharmacological agents. We overviewed newly developed allosteric modulators of muscarinic receptors as well as new spin-off ideas like bitopic ligands combining allosteric and orthosteric moieties and photo-switchable ligands based on bitopic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jakubik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology CAS, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (E.E.E.-F.)
| | - Esam E. El-Fakahany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (E.E.E.-F.)
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16
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Lucianò AM, Mattei F, Damo E, Panzarini E, Dini L, Tata AM. Effects mediated by M2 muscarinic orthosteric agonist on cell growth in human neuroblastoma cell lines. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The role of muscarinic receptors has been largely documented over the past few decades. Recently we demonstrated that the activation of M2 muscarinic receptors arrested cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in glioblastoma and in other tumour types. This paper aims to evaluate the expression of the M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes in different neuroblastoma cell lines and its role in the control of cell proliferation and survival. Neuroblastoma is the most common solid extracranial tumour, appearing during childhood and displaying a differentiated clinical behaviour. Considering the high homology between muscarinic receptor subtypes, we have identified Arecaidine Propargyl Ester (APE) as a selective orthosteric agonist for M2 muscarinic receptors. Using this agonist, we demonstrate how a selective activation of the M2 receptor subtype negatively modulates cell growth without affecting cell survival in different human neuroblastoma cell lines. As similarly demonstrated in other cell types, following the M2 receptor silencing by short-interference RNA, the effects of APE are completely abolished. We conclude by confirming the ability of APE to bind selectively M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes. Moreover, for the first time we demonstrate that M2 receptor activation inhibits cell growth also in human neuroblastoma cells, indicating that M2 receptors may be an interesting therapeutic target in several solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Lucianò
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” , “Sapienza” University of Rome , Rome 00185 , Italy
| | - Francesca Mattei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” , “Sapienza” University of Rome , Rome 00185 , Italy
| | - Elisa Damo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” , “Sapienza” University of Rome , Rome 00185 , Italy
| | - Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.) , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” , “Sapienza” University of Rome , Rome 00185 , Italy
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” , “Sapienza” University of Rome , Rome 00185 , Italy
- Research Centre of Neurobiology “Daniel Bovet” , “Sapienza” University of Rome , Rome 00185 , Italy
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17
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Riefolo F, Matera C, Garrido-Charles A, Gomila AMJ, Sortino R, Agnetta L, Claro E, Masgrau R, Holzgrabe U, Batlle M, Decker M, Guasch E, Gorostiza P. Optical Control of Cardiac Function with a Photoswitchable Muscarinic Agonist. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7628-7636. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Riefolo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Garrido-Charles
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre M. J. Gomila
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosalba Sortino
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Agnetta
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Enrique Claro
- Institut de Neurociències (INc), and Dept. Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Masgrau
- Institut de Neurociències (INc), and Dept. Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona (UB), IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona (UB), IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBER-CV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Mir-34a-5p Mediates Cross-Talk between M2 Muscarinic Receptors and Notch-1/EGFR Pathways in U87MG Glioblastoma Cells: Implication in Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061631. [PMID: 29857516 PMCID: PMC6032387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive human brain tumor. The high growth potential and decreased susceptibility to apoptosis of the glioma cells is mainly dependent on genetic amplifications or mutations of oncogenic or pro-apoptotic genes, respectively. We have previously shown that the activation of the M2 acetylcholine muscarinic receptors inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in two GBM cell lines and cancer stem cells. The aim of this study was to delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying the M2-mediated cell proliferation arrest. Exploiting U87MG and U251MG cell lines as model systems, we evaluated the ability of M2 receptors to interfere with Notch-1 and EGFR pathways, whose activation promotes GBM proliferation. We demonstrated that the activation of M2 receptors, by agonist treatment, counteracted Notch and EGFR signaling, through different regulatory cascades depending, at least in part, on p53 status. Only in U87MG cells, which mimic p53-wild type GBMs, did M2 activation trigger a molecular circuitry involving p53, Notch-1, and the tumor suppressor mir-34a-5p. This regulatory module negatively controls Notch-1, which affects cell proliferation mainly through the Notch-1/EGFR axis. Our data highlighted, for the first time, a molecular circuitry that is deregulated in the p53 wild type GBM, based on the cross-talk between M2 receptor and the Notch-1/EGFR pathways, mediated by mir-34a-5p.
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