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Chen Q, Liu M, Guo H, Wang K, Liu J, Wang Y, Lin Y, Li J, Li P, Yang L, Jia L, Yang J, Li P, Song H. Altered Respiratory Microbiomes, Plasma Metabolites, and Immune Responses in Influenza A Virus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0524722. [PMID: 37318361 PMCID: PMC10433956 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05247-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV)-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) coinfection causes severe respiratory infections. The host microbiome plays an important role in respiratory tract infections. However, the relationships among the immune responses, metabolic characteristics, and respiratory microbial characteristics of IAV-MRSA coinfection have not been fully studied. We used specific-pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6N mice infected with IAV and MRSA to build a nonlethal model of IAV-MRSA coinfection and characterized the upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) microbiomes at 4 and 13 days postinfection by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Immune response and plasma metabolism profile analyses were performed at 4 days postinfection by flow cytometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The relationships among the LRT microbiota, the immune response, and the plasma metabolism profile were analyzed by Spearman's correlation analysis. IAV-MRSA coinfection showed significant weight loss and lung injury and significantly increased loads of IAV and MRSA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Microbiome data showed that coinfection significantly increased the relative abundances of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter hormaechei, Citrobacter freundii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae and decreased the relative abundances of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus murinus. The percentages of CD4+/CD8+ T cells and B cells in the spleen; the levels of interleukin-9 (IL-9), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-8 in the lung; and the level of mevalonolactone in plasma were increased in IAV-MRSA-coinfected mice. L. murinus was positively correlated with lung macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, negatively correlated with spleen B cells and CD4+/CD8+ T cells, and correlated with multiple plasma metabolites. Future research is needed to clarify whether L. murinus mediates or alters the severity of IAV-MRSA coinfection. IMPORTANCE The respiratory microbiome plays an important role in respiratory tract infections. In this study, we characterized the URT and LRT microbiota, the host immune response, and plasma metabolic profiles during IAV-MRSA coinfection and evaluated their correlations. We observed that IAV-MRSA coinfection induced severe lung injury and dysregulated host immunity and plasma metabolic profiles, as evidenced by the aggravation of lung pathological damage, the reduction of innate immune cells, the strong adaptation of the immune response, and the upregulation of mevalonolactone in plasma. L. murinus was strongly correlated with immune cells and plasma metabolites. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of the host microbiome in respiratory tract infections and identified a key bacterial species, L. murinus, that may provide important references for the development of probiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Chen
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Manjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaiying Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanfeng Lin
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peihan Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Leili Jia
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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Liu M, Sun X, Chen B, Dai R, Xi Z, Xu H. Insights into Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415893. [PMID: 36555531 PMCID: PMC9786916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox equilibria and the modulation of redox signalling play crucial roles in physiological processes. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupts the body's antioxidant defence, compromising redox homeostasis and increasing oxidative stress, leading to the development of several diseases. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a principal antioxidant enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage by converting superoxide anion radicals to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen in mitochondria. Systematic studies have demonstrated that MnSOD plays an indispensable role in multiple diseases. This review focuses on preclinical evidence that describes the mechanisms of MnSOD in diseases accompanied with an imbalanced redox status, including fibrotic diseases, inflammation, diabetes, vascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The potential therapeutic effects of MnSOD activators and MnSOD mimetics are also discussed. Targeting this specific superoxide anion radical scavenger may be a clinically beneficial strategy, and understanding the therapeutic role of MnSOD may provide a positive insight into preventing and treating related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xueyang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Boya Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongchen Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (H.X.)
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Zhang H, Tian Y, Shi X, Yuan W, Liu L, Yang Y. Effect of Liver Kinase B1 on Osteogenic/Adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in High Glucose Environment. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) present reduced proliferation under high glucose condition. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) can maintain the homeostasis of hematopoietic stem cells. However, whether LKB1 regulates BMSCs osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation under high glucose is unclear.
Rat BMSCs were isolated and separated into control group, high glucose group, and LKB1 group (BMSCs were transfected with pc-DNA 3.1-LKB1 plasmid under high glucose condition) followed by analysis of LKB1 expression by Real time PCR and Western blot, osteocalcin, type I collagen, RUNX2 and
OPN mRNA level by real-time PCR, FABP4 and PPARγ2 level by western blot. In high glucose group, LKB1 expression was significantly decreased, with reduced expression of osteocalcin, type I collagen, RUNX2 and OPN mRNA and elevated FABP4 and PPARγ2 level compared to control group
(P < 0.05). Transfection of LKB1 plasmid reduced LKB1 expression, upregulated osteocalcin, type I collagen, RUNX2 and OPN mRNA and downregulated FABP4 and PPARγ2. Compared with the high glucose group, there was a statistical difference (P <0.05). High glucose can
inhibit LKB1 expression and BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, and promote adipogenic differentiation. Upregulating LKB1 expression can promote BMSCs osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Department One, The No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071051, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Orthopedics Department One, The No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071051, China
| | - Xiaolin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics Department One, The No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071051, China
| | - Weidong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics Department One, The No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071051, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Department One, The No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071051, China
| | - Yongming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics Department One, The No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071051, China
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