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Zheng Y, Li S, Kang Y, Hu Q, Zheng Y, Wang X, Chi H, Guo K, Jiang M, Wei Z, Shao X, Xu C, Liu B, Du J, He X, Fang J, Lu Z, Jiang Y. Electroacupuncture Alleviates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Neuropathic Pain via the TRPV1-Mediated CaMKII/CREB Pathway in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:79. [PMID: 39162890 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02256-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a diabetic complication that causes severe pain and deeply impacts the quality of the sufferer's daily life. Currently, contemporary clinical treatments for DNP generally exhibit a deficiency in effectiveness. Electroacupuncture (EA) is recognized as a highly effective and safe treatment for DNP with few side effects. Regrettably, the processes via which EA alleviates DNP are still poorly characterized. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and phosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII) are overexpressed on spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) in DNP rats, and co-localization is observed between them. Capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist, effectively reduced nociceptive hypersensitivity and downregulated the overexpression of phosphorylated CaMKIIα in rats with DNP. Conversely, the CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 did not have any impact on TRPV1. EA alleviated heightened sensitivity to pain caused by nociceptive stimuli and downregulated the level of TRPV1, p-CaMKIIα, and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (p-CREB) in DNP rats. Intrathecal injection of capsaicin, on the other hand, reversed the above effects of EA. These findings indicated that the CaMKII/CREB pathway on SCDH is located downstream of TRPV1 and is affected by TRPV1. EA alleviates DNP through the TRPV1-mediated CaMKII/CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinmu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qunqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengyu Chi
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keying Guo
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junying Du
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen He
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yongliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Bai X, Zhang K, Ou C, Nie B, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Huang J, Ouyang H, Cao M, Huang W. Selective activation of AKAP150/TRPV1 in ventrolateral periaqueductal gray GABAergic neurons facilitates conditioned place aversion in male mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:742. [PMID: 37460788 PMCID: PMC10352381 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aversion refers to feelings of strong dislike or avoidance toward particular stimuli or situations. Aversion can be caused by pain stimuli and has a long-term negative impact on physical and mental health. Aversion can also be caused by drug abuse withdrawal, resulting in people with substance use disorder to relapse. However, the mechanisms underlying aversion remain unclear. The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) is considered to play a key role in aversive behavior. Our study showed that inhibition of vlPAG GABAergic neurons significantly attenuated the conditioned place aversion (CPA) induced by hindpaw pain pinch or naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal. However, activating or inhibiting glutamatergic neurons, or activating GABAergic neurons cannot affect or alter CPA response. AKAP150 protein expression and phosphorylated TRPV1 (p-TRPV1) were significantly upregulated in these two CPA models. In AKAP150flox/flox mice and C57/B6J wild-type mice, cell-type-selective inhibition of AKAP150 in GABAergic neurons in the vlPAG attenuated aversion. However, downregulating AKAP150 in glutamatergic neurons did not attenuate aversion. Knockdown of AKAP150 in GABAergic neurons effectively reversed the p-TRPV1 upregulation in these two CPA models utilized in our study. Collectively, inhibition of the AKAP150/p-TRPV1 pathway in GABAergic neurons in the vlPAG may be considered a potential therapeutic target for the CPA response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaopeng Ou
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilin Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongtian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxiu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Handong Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Extended access to fentanyl vapor self-administration leads to addiction-like behaviors in mice: Blood chemokine/cytokine levels as potential biomarkers. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 5:100057. [PMID: 36683829 PMCID: PMC9851134 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models are useful for understanding the mechanisms that underlie opioid addiction, but most preclinical studies have focused on rewarding and consummatory aspects of opioids without components of dependence-induced escalation of drug taking or seeking. We characterized several opioid-related behaviors in mice using a model of vaporized fentanyl self-administration. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to short-access (ShA; 1 h, nondependent) or long-access (LgA; 6 h, dependent) fentanyl vapor self-administration and subsequently tested in a battery of behavioral tests, followed by blood collection during withdrawal. Compared with mice in the ShA group, mice in the LgA group escalated their fentanyl intake, were more motivated to work to obtain the drug, exhibited greater hyperalgesia, and exhibited greater signs of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Principal component analysis indicated the emergence of two independent behavioral constructs: "intake/motivation" and "hyperalgesia/punished seeking." In mice in the LgA condition only, "hyperalgesia/punished seeking" was associated with plasma levels of proinflammatory interleukin-17 (IL-17), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCL-4), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Overall, the results suggest that extended access to opioids leads to addiction-like behavior, and some constructs that are associated with addiction-like behavior may be associated with levels of the proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines IL-17, TNF-α, and CCL-4 in blood.
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Nguyen TL, Nam YS, Lee SY, Jang CG. Repeated Morphine Administration Increases TRPV1 mRNA Expression and Autoradiographic Binding at Supraspinal Sites in the Pain Pathway. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:328-333. [PMID: 35616070 PMCID: PMC9252876 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated morphine administration induces tolerance to its analgesic effects. A previous study reported that repeated morphine treatment activates transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) expression in the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglion, and spinal cord, contributing to morphine tolerance. In the present study, we analyzed TRPV1 expression and binding sites in supraspinal pain pathways in morphine-tolerant mice. The TRPV1 mRNA levels and binding sites were remarkably increased in the cortex and thalamus of these animals. Our data provide additional insights into the effects of morphine on TRPV1 in the brain and suggest that changes in the expression of, and binding to TRPV1 in the brain are involved in morphine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Lien Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute of Drug Quality Control, Ha Noi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Yun-Son Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Wang X, Bao C, Li Z, Yue L, Hu L. Side Effects of Opioids Are Ameliorated by Regulating TRPV1 Receptors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042387. [PMID: 35206575 PMCID: PMC8872563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Humans have used opioids to suppress moderate to severe pain for thousands of years. However, the long-term use of opioids has several adverse effects, such as opioid tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and addiction. In addition, the low efficiency of opioids in controlling neuropathic pain limits their clinical applications. Combining nonopioid analgesics with opioids to target multiple sites along the nociceptive pathway may alleviate the side effects of opioids. This study reviews the feasibility of reducing opioid side effects by regulating the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors and summarizes the possible underlying mechanisms. Blocking and activating TRPV1 receptors can improve the therapeutic profile of opioids in different manners. TRPV1 and μ-opioid receptors are bidirectionally regulated by β-arrestin2. Thus, drug combinations or developing dual-acting drugs simultaneously targeting μ-opioid and TRPV1 receptors may mitigate opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. In addition, TRPV1 receptors, especially expressed in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens, participate in mediating opioid reward, and its regulation can reduce the risk of opioid-induced addiction. Finally, co-administration of TRPV1 antagonists and opioids in the primary action sites of the periphery can significantly relieve neuropathic pain. In general, the regulation of TRPV1 may potentially ameliorate the side effects of opioids and enhance their analgesic efficacy in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chongyu Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lupeng Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Li Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (L.H.)
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Iglesias LP, Aguiar DC, Moreira FA. TRPV1 blockers as potential new treatments for psychiatric disorders. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:2-14. [PMID: 33136616 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 channel (TRPV1) is responsible for decoding physical and chemical stimuli. TRPV1 is activated by capsaicin (a compound from chili peppers), heat (above 43°C) and acid environment, playing a major role in pain, inflammation and body temperature. Molecular and histological studies have suggested TRPV1 expression in specific brain regions, where it can be activated primarily by the endocannabinoid anandamide, fostering studies on its potential role in psychiatric disorders. TRPV1 blockers are effective in various animal models predictive of anxiolytic and antipanic activities, in addition to reducing conditioned fear. In models of antidepressant activity, these compounds reduce behavioral despair and promote active stress-coping behavior. TRPV1 blockers also reduce the effects of certain drugs of abuse and revert behavioral changes in animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders. The main limiting factor in developing TRPV1 blockers as therapeutic agents concerns their effects on body temperature, particularly hyperthermia. New compounds, which block specific states of the channel, could represent an alternative. Moreover, compounds blocking both TRPV1 and the anandamide-hydrolyzing enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), termed dual TRPV1/FAAH blockers, have been investigated with promising results. Overall, preclinical studies yield favorable results with TRPV1 blockers in animal models of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia P Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Neuroscience
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gera, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Aguiar
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Neuroscience
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gera, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Neuroscience
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gera, Brazil
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The Role of CaMKII and ERK Signaling in Addiction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063189. [PMID: 33804804 PMCID: PMC8004038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is the predominant addictive compound of tobacco and causes the acquisition of dependence through its interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and various neurotransmitter releases in the central nervous system. The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) play a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. CaMKII is involved in long-term potentiation induction, which underlies the consolidation of learning and memory; however, the roles of CaMKII in nicotine and other psychostimulant-induced addiction still require further investigation. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms and crucial roles of CaMKII and ERK in nicotine and other stimulant drug-induced addiction. We also discuss dopamine (DA) receptor signaling involved in nicotine-induced addiction in the brain reward circuitry. In the last section, we introduce the association of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cellular chaperones of fatty acid-binding protein 3 in the context of nicotine-induced addiction in the mouse nucleus accumbens and provide a novel target for the treatment of drug abuse affecting dopaminergic systems.
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Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction Relieves Visceral Hyperalgesia in TNBS-Induced Postinflammatory Irritable Bowel Syndrome via Inactivating Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 and Reducing Serotonin Synthesis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7830280. [PMID: 33123210 PMCID: PMC7584960 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7830280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, which is characterized by abdominal pain, low-grade inflammation, and visceral hypersensitivity. Shaoyao-Gancao decoction (SGD) has been used to improve the clinical symptoms of abdominal spasmodic pain accompanying acute gastroenteritis, but the underlying therapeutic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, a rat model of PI-IBS was established via rectal administration of TNBS. Rats were scored daily for 28 days using disease activity index (DAI). Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) was used to measure the pain threshold. After SGD (6.25, 12.5, and 25 g/kg/d) treatment for 14 days, rat colonic tissue was collected for histopathological grading, enterochromaffin (EC) cell count, and 5-HT content measurement. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses were employed to detect the gene and protein level of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). To further validate the effect of SGD on TRPV1, another experiment was performed in cells. The results revealed that visceral hyperalgesia, reflected by increased DAI, AWR, pathological injury score, 5-HT content, and EC cell count in PI-IBS rats, was significantly ameliorated by SGD. In cells, SGD markedly inhibited the expression and function of TRPV1. Moreover, the expression levels of TPH were also repressed by SGD. The findings of the present study indicated that the therapeutic effect of SGD on visceral hyperalgesia may be closely associated with the regulatory role of TRPV1 and 5-HT signaling pathways.
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Neuropsychiatric implications of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels in the reward system. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104545. [PMID: 31494132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) exert a devastating impact on an individual's personal and social well-being, encompassing various conditions and brain anomalies that influence affect, cognition, and behavior. Because the pathophysiology of NPDs is multifactorial, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of such disorders remain unclear, representing a unique challenge in current neuropsychopharmacotherapy. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) type channels are a family of ligand-gated ion channels that mainly include sensory receptors that respond to thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli. TRPV channels are abundantly present in dopaminergic neurons, thus playing a pivotal role in the modulation of the reward system and in pathophysiology of diseases such as stress, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, neurodegenerative disorders and substance abuse/addiction. Recent evidence has highlighted TRPV channels as potential targets for understanding modulation of the reward system and various forms of addiction (opioids, cocaine, amphetamines, alcohol, nicotine, cannabis). In this review, we discuss the distribution, physiological roles, ligands and therapeutic importance of TRPV channels with regard to NPDs and addiction biology.
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