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Dos Santos B, Bion MC, Goujon-Svrzic M, Maher P, Dafre AL. REAP+: A single preparation for rapid isolation of nuclei, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Anal Biochem 2024; 687:115445. [PMID: 38135241 PMCID: PMC10843687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
REAP+ is an enhanced version of the rapid, efficient, and practical (REAP) method designed for the isolation of nuclear fractions. This improved version, REAP+, enables fast and effective extraction of mitochondria, cytoplasm, and nuclei. The mechanical cell disruption process has been optimized to cerebral tissues, snap-frozen liver, and HT22 cells with remarkable fraction enrichment. REAP+ is well-suited for samples containing minimal protein quantities, such as mouse hippocampal slices. The method was validated by Western blot and marker enzyme activities, such as LDH and G6PDH for the cytoplasmic fraction and succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase for the mitochondrial fraction. One of the outstanding features of this method is its rapid execution, yielding fractions within 15 min, allowing for simultaneous preparation of multiple samples. In essence, REAP+ emerges as a swift, efficient, and practical technique for the concurrent isolation of nuclei, cytoplasm, and mitochondria from various cell types and tissues. The method would be suitable to study the multicompartment translocation of proteins, such as metabolic enzymes and transcription factors migrating from cytosol to the mitochondria and nuclei. Moreover, its compatibility with small samples, such as hippocampal slices, and its potential applicability to human biopsies, highlights the potential application in medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Monique Coelho Bion
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Cell Biology and Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Marie Goujon-Svrzic
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, CA, 92037, La Jolla, United States.
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, CA, 92037, La Jolla, United States.
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafre
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Moecke DMP, Martins GHC, Garlet TC, Bonorino KC, Luciani MG, Bion M, Dos Santos B, da Silva Gevaerd M, Filho JA, Dos Santos ARS, Vieira DSC, Dafre AL, de Camargo Hizume Kunzler D. Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Kidney Injury, Improves Physical Performance, and Increases Antioxidant Defenses in Lungs of Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mice. Inflammation 2022; 45:1895-1910. [PMID: 35727396 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and pulmonary pathophysiological changes is well stablished. Nevertheless, the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) on lungs of CKD need further clarification. Thus, Swiss mice were divided in control, AE, CKD, and CKD + AE groups. CKD was induced by 0.2% adenine intake during 8 weeks (4 weeks of CKD induction and 4 weeks of AE). AE consisted in running on treadmill, at moderate intensity, 30 min/day, 5 days/week, during 4 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last training day, functional capacity test was performed, and 48 h after the test, mice were euthanized. CKD mice showed a significant increase in urine output, serum urea, and creatinine concentrations, and decreased body weight and urine density, besides oxidative damage (p = 0.044), edema area (p < 0.001), leukocyte infiltration (p = 0.040), and collagen area in lung tissue (p = 0.004). AE resulted in an increase of distance traveled (p = 0.049) and maximum speed (p = 0.046), increased activity of catalase (p = 0.031) and glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.048) in lungs, increased levels of nitric oxide (NOx) in serum (p = 0.001) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (p = 0.047), and decreased kidney histological injury (p = 0.018) of CKD mice. However, AE also increased oxidative damage (p = 0.003) and did not change collagen content or perivascular edema in lungs (p > 0.05) of CKD mice. Therefore, AE attenuated kidney injury and improved antioxidants defenses in lungs. Despite no significant changes in pulmonary damage, AE significantly improved physical performance in CKD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Melissa Petry Moecke
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Physical Therapy Graduate Program (PPG-Ft), Health and Sport Sciences Center (CEFID), Experimental Research Laboratory (LaPEx), R. Pascoal Simone, 358, Coqueiros, Florianópolis, ZIP Code: 88080-350, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gisele Henrique Cardoso Martins
- Laboratory of Cellular Defense (LABDEF), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thaine Cristina Garlet
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Physical Therapy Graduate Program (PPG-Ft), Health and Sport Sciences Center (CEFID), Experimental Research Laboratory (LaPEx), R. Pascoal Simone, 358, Coqueiros, Florianópolis, ZIP Code: 88080-350, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cattelan Bonorino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation (LANDI), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marilia Gabriela Luciani
- Center for Agricultural Sciences (CAV), Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Monique Bion
- Laboratory of Cellular Defense (LABDEF), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Barbara Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular Defense (LABDEF), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Monique da Silva Gevaerd
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Physical Therapy Graduate Program (PPG-Ft), Health and Sport Sciences Center (CEFID), Experimental Research Laboratory (LaPEx), R. Pascoal Simone, 358, Coqueiros, Florianópolis, ZIP Code: 88080-350, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jamil Assreuy Filho
- Nitric Oxide Pharmacology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adair Roberto Soares Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation (LANDI), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniella Serafin Couto Vieira
- Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (HU/UFSC), Pathological Anatomy Service, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafre
- Laboratory of Cellular Defense (LABDEF), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Deborah de Camargo Hizume Kunzler
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Physical Therapy Graduate Program (PPG-Ft), Health and Sport Sciences Center (CEFID), Experimental Research Laboratory (LaPEx), R. Pascoal Simone, 358, Coqueiros, Florianópolis, ZIP Code: 88080-350, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Liu Y, Li YP, Xiao LM, Chen LK, Zheng SY, Zeng EM, Xu CH. Extracellular vesicles derived from M2 microglia reduce ischemic brain injury through microRNA-135a-5p/TXNIP/NLRP3 axis. J Transl Med 2021; 101:837-850. [PMID: 33875790 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences have suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial players in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury. This study was designed to explore the specific functions of M2 phenotype microglia-derived EVs in ischemic brain injury progression. The expression of microRNA-135a-5p (miR-135a-5p) in M2 microglia-derived EVs was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), followed by the identification of expression relationship among miR-135a-5p, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), and nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. After construction of an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) cell model, the effects of miR-135a-5p on the biological characteristics of HT-22 cells were assessed by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. Finally, a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was established and cerebral infarction volume was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and the expression of IL-18 and IL-1β in the brain tissue was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that M2 microglia-derived EVs had high expression of miR-135a-5p, and that miR-135a-5p in M2 microglia-derived EVs negatively regulated the expression of NLRP3 via TXNIP. Overexpression of miR-135a-5p promoted the proliferation but inhibited the apoptosis of neuronal cells, and inhibited the expression of autophagy-related proteins. M2 microglia-derived EVs delivered miR-135a-5p into neuronal cells to inhibit TXNIP expression, which further inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby reducing neuronal autophagy and ischemic brain injury. Hence, M2 microglia-derived EVs are novel therapeutic targets for ischemic brain injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - You-Ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Li-Min Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Li-Ke Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Su-Yue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Er-Ming Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Chun-Hua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China.
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TXNIP/TBP-2: A Master Regulator for Glucose Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080765. [PMID: 32824669 PMCID: PMC7464905 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of thioredoxin binding protein-2 (TBP-2), which is currently known as thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), as an important binding partner for thioredoxin (TRX) revealed that an evolutionarily conserved reduction-oxidation (redox) signal complex plays an important role for pathophysiology. Due to the reducing activity of TRX, the TRX/TXNIP signal complex has been shown to be an important regulator for redox-related signal transduction in many types of cells in various species. In addition to its role in redox-dependent regulation, TXNIP has cellular functions that are performed in a redox-independent manner, which largely rely on their scaffolding function as an ancestral α-Arrestin family. Both the redox-dependent and -independent TXNIP functions serve as regulatory pathways in glucose metabolism. This review highlights the key advances in understanding TXNIP function as a master regulator for whole-body glucose homeostasis. The potential for therapeutic advantages of targeting TXNIP in diabetes and the future direction of the study are also discussed.
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