2
|
Salgado B, Izquierdo B, Zapata A, Sastre I, Kristen H, Terreros J, Mejías V, Bullido MJ, Aldudo J. Cholesterol Modulation Attenuates the AD-like Phenotype Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection. Biomolecules 2024; 14:603. [PMID: 38786010 PMCID: PMC11117519 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol, a crucial component of cell membranes, influences various biological processes, including membrane trafficking, signal transduction, and host-pathogen interactions. Disruptions in cholesterol homeostasis have been linked to congenital and acquired conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous research from our group has demonstrated that herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) induces an AD-like phenotype in several cell models of infection. This study explores the interplay between cholesterol and HSV-1-induced neurodegeneration. The impact of cholesterol was determined by modulating its levels with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD) using the neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-MC and N2a. We have found that HSV-1 infection triggers the intracellular accumulation of cholesterol in structures resembling endolysosomal/autophagic compartments, a process reversible upon MβCD treatment. Moreover, MβCD exhibits inhibitory effects at various stages of HSV-1 infection, underscoring the importance of cellular cholesterol levels, not only in the viral entry process but also in subsequent post-entry stages. MβCD also alleviated several features of AD-like neurodegeneration induced by viral infection, including lysosomal impairment and intracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau. In conclusion, these findings highlight the connection between cholesterol, neurodegeneration, and HSV-1 infection, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Salgado
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Izquierdo
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Zapata
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sastre
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrike Kristen
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Terreros
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Mejías
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Bullido
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Aldudo
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salgado B, Sastre I, Bullido MJ, Aldudo J. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Induces AD-like Neurodegeneration Markers in Human Progenitor and Differentiated ReNcell VM Cells. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1205. [PMID: 37317179 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence strongly suggests that infections or reactivations of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) may be closely linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Promising results have been obtained using cell and animal models of HSV-1 infection, contributing to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking HSV-1 infection and AD neurodegeneration. ReNcell VM is a human neural stem cell line that has been used as a model system to study the impact of various infectious agents on the central nervous system. In this study, we demonstrate the suitability of the ReNcell VM cell line for developing a new in vitro model of HSV-1 infection. By following standard differentiation protocols, we were able to derive various nervous cell types, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, from neural precursors. Additionally, we demonstrated the susceptibility of ReNcell VM cells, including precursor and differentiated cells, to HSV-1 infection and subsequent viral-induced AD-like neurodegeneration. Our findings support the use of this cell line to generate a new research platform for investigating AD neuropathology and its most significant risk factors, which may lead to important discoveries in the context of this highly impactful disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Salgado
- Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sastre
- Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Bullido
- Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Aldudo
- Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Krance SH, Wu CY, Chan ACY, Kwong S, Song BX, Xiong LY, Ouk M, Chen MH, Zhang J, Yung A, Stanley M, Herrmann N, Lanctôt KL, Swardfager W. Endosomal-Lysosomal and Autophagy Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1279-1292. [PMID: 35754279 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endosomal-lysosomal and autophagy (ELA) pathway may be implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, findings thus far have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To systematically summarize differences in endosomal-lysosomal and autophagy proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of people with AD and healthy controls (HC). METHODS Studies measuring CSF concentrations of relevant proteins in the ELA pathway in AD and healthy controls were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) between AD and healthy controls in CSF concentrations of relevant proteins were meta-analyzed using random-effects models. RESULTS Of 2,471 unique studies, 43 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Differences in ELA protein levels in the CSF between AD and healthy controls were observed, particularly in lysosomal membrane (LAMP-1: NAD/NHC = 348/381, SMD [95% CI] = 0.599 [0.268, 0.930], I2 = 72.8% ; LAMP-2: NAD/NHC = 401/510, SMD [95% CI] = 0.480 [0.134, 0.826], I2 = 78.7%) and intra-lysosomal proteins (GM2A: NAD/NHC = 390/420, SMD [95% CI] = 0.496 [0.039, 0.954], I2 = 87.7% ; CTSB: NAD/NHC = 485/443, SMD [95% CI] = 0.201 [0.029, 0.374], I2 = 28.5% ; CTSZ: NAD/NHC = 535/820, SMD [95% CI] = -0.160 [-0.305, -0.015], I2 = 24.0%) and in proteins involved in endocytosis (AP2B1:NAD/NHC = 171/205, SMD [95% CI] = 0.513 [0.259, 0.768], I2 = 27.4% ; FLOT1: NAD/NHC = 41/45, SMD [95% CI] = -0.489 [-0.919, -0.058], I2 <0.01). LC3B, an autophagy marker, also showed a difference (NAD/NHC = 70/59, SMD [95% CI] = 0.648 [0.180, 1.116], I2 = 38.3%)), but overall there was limited evidence suggesting differences in proteins involved in endosomal function and autophagy. CONCLUSION Dysregulation of proteins in the ELA pathway may play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Some proteins within this pathway may be potential biomarkers for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saffire H Krance
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Che-Yuan Wu
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Y Chan
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Kwong
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bing Xin Song
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Y Xiong
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Ouk
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Yung
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meagan Stanley
- Western Libraries, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University Health Network KITE Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University Health Network KITE Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fote GM, Geller NR, Efstathiou NE, Hendricks N, Vavvas DG, Reidling JC, Thompson LM, Steffan JS. Isoform-dependent lysosomal degradation and internalization of apolipoprotein E requires autophagy proteins. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs258687. [PMID: 34982109 PMCID: PMC8917355 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human apolipoprotein E4 isoform (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), and lysosomal dysfunction has been implicated in AD pathogenesis. We found, by examining cells stably expressing each APOE isoform, that APOE4 increases lysosomal trafficking, accumulates in enlarged lysosomes and late endosomes, alters autophagic flux and the abundance of autophagy proteins and lipid droplets, and alters the proteomic contents of lysosomes following internalization. We investigated APOE-related lysosomal trafficking further in cell culture, and found that APOE from the post-Golgi compartment is degraded through autophagy. We found that this autophagic process requires the lysosomal membrane protein LAMP2 in immortalized neuron-like and hepatic cells, and in mouse brain tissue. Several macroautophagy-associated proteins were also required for autophagic degradation and internalization of APOE in hepatic cells. The dysregulated autophagic flux and lysosomal trafficking of APOE4 that we observed suggest a possible novel mechanism that might contribute to AD pathogenesis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianna M. Fote
- UC Irvine Department of Biological Chemistry, 825 Health Sciences Road, Medical Sciences I, Room D240, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA
| | - Nicolette R. Geller
- UC Irvine Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Neuropsychiatric Center, UC Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Building 3, Route 88, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Nikolaos E. Efstathiou
- Harvard Medical School Department of Ophthalmology, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nathan Hendricks
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, UC Riverside, Eucalyptus Drive, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Harvard Medical School Department of Ophthalmology, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jack C. Reidling
- UC Irvine MIND Institute, 2642 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA 92697-4545, USA
| | - Leslie M. Thompson
- UC Irvine Department of Biological Chemistry, 825 Health Sciences Road, Medical Sciences I, Room D240, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA
- UC Irvine Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Neuropsychiatric Center, UC Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Building 3, Route 88, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- UC Irvine MIND Institute, 2642 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA 92697-4545, USA
- UC Irvine Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, 2205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Joan S. Steffan
- UC Irvine Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Neuropsychiatric Center, UC Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Building 3, Route 88, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- UC Irvine MIND Institute, 2642 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA 92697-4545, USA
| |
Collapse
|