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Ando R, Choudhury ME, Yamanishi Y, Kyaw WT, Kubo M, Kannou M, Nishikawa N, Tanaka J, Nomoto M, Nagai M. Modafinil alleviates levodopa-induced excessive nighttime sleepiness and restores monoaminergic systems in a nocturnal animal model of Parkinson's disease. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 136:266-271. [PMID: 29661608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with dopaminergic agents result excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and some studies have shown the benefit of using modafinil for treating excessive daytime sleepiness of Parkinson's disease (PD) patient. We investigated whether modafinil have ameliorative properties against levodopa induced excessive nighttime sleepiness (ENS) in MPTP-treated murine nocturnal PD model. Our EEG analyses of whole day recordings revealed that modafinil reduce ENS of this nocturnal PD models with levodopa medications. Therefore, we investigated whether, modafinil post-treatment followed by MPTP shows any effect on monoamine contents of brain and found to robustly increased noradrenaline (NA) concentration of MPTP treated mice. Modafinil post-treatment, in neurorestorative context (5 days post-lesion) led to increased striatal dopamine (DA) concentrations of MPTP-treated mice. Here, we first confirmed that modafinil ameliorates levodopa induced excessive sleepiness and restores monoaminergic systems. The arousal and anti-parkinsonian effects displayed by modafinil indicate that in combination with dopaminergic agents, modafinil co-administration may be worthwhile in trying to suppress the excessive daytime sleepiness and progressive dopaminergic neuron loss in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Ando
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Mohammed Emamussalehin Choudhury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yamanishi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Win Thiri Kyaw
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Madoka Kubo
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Mariko Kannou
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishikawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nomoto
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagai
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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Huot P, Fox SH, Brotchie JM. Monoamine reuptake inhibitors in Parkinson's disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2015; 2015:609428. [PMID: 25810948 PMCID: PMC4355567 DOI: 10.1155/2015/609428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) are secondary to a dopamine deficiency in the striatum. However, the degenerative process in PD is not limited to the dopaminergic system and also affects serotonergic and noradrenergic neurons. Because they can increase monoamine levels throughout the brain, monoamine reuptake inhibitors (MAUIs) represent potential therapeutic agents in PD. However, they are seldom used in clinical practice other than as antidepressants and wake-promoting agents. This review article summarises all of the available literature on use of 50 MAUIs in PD. The compounds are divided according to their relative potency for each of the monoamine transporters. Despite wide discrepancy in the methodology of the studies reviewed, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) selective serotonin transporter (SERT), selective noradrenaline transporter (NET), and dual SERT/NET inhibitors are effective against PD depression; (2) selective dopamine transporter (DAT) and dual DAT/NET inhibitors exert an anti-Parkinsonian effect when administered as monotherapy but do not enhance the anti-Parkinsonian actions of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA); (3) dual DAT/SERT inhibitors might enhance the anti-Parkinsonian actions of L-DOPA without worsening dyskinesia; (4) triple DAT/NET/SERT inhibitors might exert an anti-Parkinsonian action as monotherapy and might enhance the anti-Parkinsonian effects of L-DOPA, though at the expense of worsening dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Huot
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
- Division of Neurology, Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan H. Fox
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
- Division of Neurology, Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Jonathan M. Brotchie
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
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Mereu M, Bonci A, Newman AH, Tanda G. The neurobiology of modafinil as an enhancer of cognitive performance and a potential treatment for substance use disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 229:415-34. [PMID: 23934211 PMCID: PMC3800148 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Modafinil (MOD) and its R-enantiomer (R-MOD) are approved medications for narcolepsy and other sleep disorders. They have also been used, off-label, as cognitive enhancers in populations of patients with mental disorders, including substance abusers that demonstrate impaired cognitive function. A debated nonmedical use of MOD in healthy individuals to improve intellectual performance is raising questions about its potential abuse liability in this population. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS MOD has low micromolar affinity for the dopamine transporter (DAT). Inhibition of dopamine (DA) reuptake via the DAT explains the enhancement of DA levels in several brain areas, an effect shared with psychostimulants like cocaine, methylphenidate, and the amphetamines. However, its neurochemical effects and anatomical pattern of brain area activation differ from typical psychostimulants and are consistent with its beneficial effects on cognitive performance processes such as attention, learning, and memory. At variance with typical psychostimulants, MOD shows very low, if any, abuse liability, in spite of its use as a cognitive enhancer by otherwise healthy individuals. Finally, recent clinical studies have focused on the potential use of MOD as a medication for treatment of drug abuse, but have not shown consistent outcomes. However, positive trends in several result measures suggest that medications that improve cognitive function, like MOD or R-MOD, may be beneficial for the treatment of substance use disorders in certain patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Mereu
- Molecular Targets & Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS; 251 Bayview Blvd., NIDA suite 200, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Antonello Bonci
- Synaptic Plasticity Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS; 251 Bayview Blvd., NIDA suite 200, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets & Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS; 251 Bayview Blvd., NIDA suite 200, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Molecular Targets & Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS; 251 Bayview Blvd., NIDA suite 200, Baltimore, MD, 21224
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Scoriels L, Jones PB, Sahakian BJ. Modafinil effects on cognition and emotion in schizophrenia and its neurochemical modulation in the brain. Neuropharmacology 2012; 64:168-84. [PMID: 22820555 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Modafinil is a central nervous system wake promoting agent used for the treatment of excessive daytime sleeping. Its vigilance promoting properties and low abuse potential has intrigued the scientific community and has led to use it as a cognitive enhancer, before its neural functions were understood. Here, we review the effects of modafinil in human cognition and emotion and its specific actions on symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and whether these are consistently effective throughout the literature. We also performed a systematic review on the effects of modafinil on neurotransmitter signalling in different areas of the brain in order to better understand the neuromechanisms of its cognitive and emotional enhancing properties. A review of its effects in schizophrenia suggests that modafinil facilitates cognitive functions, with pro-mnemonic effects and problem solving improvements. Emotional processing also appears to be enhanced by the drug, although to date there are only a limited number of studies. The systematic review on the neurochemical modulation of the modafinil suggests that its mnemonic enhancing properties might be the result of glutamatergic and dopaminergic increased neuronal activation in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex respectively. Other neurotransmitters were also activated by modafinil in various limbic brain areas, suggesting that the drug acts on these brain regions to influence emotional responses. These reviews seek to delineate the neuronal mechanisms by which modafinil affects cognitive and emotional function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Cognitive Enhancers'.
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Choi S, Kim MY, Joo KY, Park S, Kim JA, Jung JC, Oh S, Suh SH. Modafinil inhibits K(Ca)3.1 currents and muscle contraction via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. Pharmacol Res 2012; 66:51-9. [PMID: 22414869 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Modafinil has been used as a psychostimulant for the treatment of narcolepsy. However, its primary mechanism of action remains elusive. Therefore, we examined the effects of modafinil on K(Ca)3.1 channels and vascular smooth muscle contraction. K(Ca)3.1 currents and channel activity were measured using a voltage-clamp technique and inside-out patches in mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line, NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. Intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) concentration was measured, and the phosphorylation of K(Ca)3.1 channel protein was examined using western blotting in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and/or primary cultured mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Muscle contractions were recorded from mouse aorta and rat pulmonary artery by using a myograph developed in-house. Modafinil was found to inhibit K(Ca)3.1 currents in a concentration-dependent manner, and the half-maximal inhibition (IC(50)) of modafinil for the current inhibition was 6.8 ± 0.7 nM. The protein kinase A (PKA) activator forskolin also inhibited K(Ca)3.1 currents. The inhibitory effects of modafinil and forskolin on K(Ca)3.1 currents were blocked by the PKA inhibitors PKI(14-22) or H-89. In addition, modafinil relaxed blood vessels (mouse aorta and rat pulmonary artery) in a concentration-dependent manner. Modafinil increased cAMP concentrations in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts or primary cultured mouse aortic SMCs and phosphorylated K(Ca)3.1 channel protein in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. However, open probability and single-channel current amplitudes of K(Ca)3.1 channels were not changed by modafinil. From these results, we conclude that modafinil inhibits K(Ca)3.1 channels and vascular smooth muscle contraction by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation, suggesting that modafinil can be used as a cAMP-dependent K(Ca)3.1 channel blocker and vasodilator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinkyu Choi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Deogaonkar M, Subramanian T. Pathophysiological basis of drug-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 50:156-68. [PMID: 16026845 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Revised: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced dyskinesias (DID) represent a troublesome, dose-limiting, and common complication of long-term pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The pathophysiological basis and clinical nature of DID is of major interest for clinicians and neuroscientists. In this review article, we evaluate the theories of pathophysiology and molecular basis of DID, validity of various animal models used in DID related research, and electrophysiological characteristics of various basal ganglia nuclei during DID. We also discuss the relevance of various treatment strategies to the pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind Deogaonkar
- Department of Neuroscience, NB 20, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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