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Kopycka K, Maddison BC, Gough KC. Recombinant ovine prion protein can be mutated at position 136 to improve its efficacy as an inhibitor of prion propagation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3452. [PMID: 36859422 PMCID: PMC9978027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are progressive neurodegenerative disorders with no effective therapeutics. The central event leading to the pathology in the diseases is the conversion of PrPC into PrPSc and its accumulation in the central nervous system. Previous studies demonstrated that recombinant PrP (rPrP) and PrP peptides can inhibit the formation of PrPSc. Here, the effectiveness of ovine rPrP mutants at codon 136 and peptides derived from this region were assessed for their ability to inhibit PrPSc replication, using protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). Based on a rPrP VRQ (rVRQ) genotype background (positions 136, 154 and 171) and mutations at position 136, the most effective inhibitors were V136R, V136K and V136P mutants, with IC50 values of 1 to 2 nM; activities much more potent than rVRQ (114 nM). rRRQ and rKRQ were also shown to effectively inhibit multiple ruminant prion amplification reactions that used distinct prion strain seeds and substrate PRNP genotypes. rRRQ, rKRQ and rPRQ were also shown to effectively protect Rov9 cells from scrapie infection when applied at 250 nM. The study demonstrates for the first time that the rPrP sequence can be mutated at sites known to be involved in prion disease susceptibility, to produce inhibitors with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kopycka
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, College Rd., Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD Leicestershire UK
| | - Ben C. Maddison
- ADAS Biotechnology, Unit 27, Beeston Business Park, Technology Drive, Beeston, NG9 1LA Nottinghamshire UK
| | - Kevin C. Gough
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, College Rd., Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD Leicestershire UK
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Volatile Anesthetic Sevoflurane Precursor 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-Propanol (HFIP) Exerts an Anti-Prion Activity in Prion-Infected Culture Cells. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2056-2065. [PMID: 34043140 PMCID: PMC8254714 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prion disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive neurologic symptoms and accelerated cognitive decline. The causative protein of prion disease is the prion protein (PrP), and structural transition of PrP from the normal helix rich form (PrPC) to the abnormal β-sheet rich form (PrPSc) occurs in prion disease. While so far numerous therapeutic agents for prion diseases have been developed, none of them are still useful. A fluorinated alcohol, hexafluoro isopropanol (HFIP), is a precursor to the inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane and its metabolites. HFIP is also known as a robust α-helix inducer and is widely used as a solvent for highly aggregated peptides. Here we show that the α-helix-inducing activity of HFIP caused the conformational transformation of the fibrous structure of PrP into amorphous aggregates in vitro. HFIP added to the ScN2a cell medium, which continuously expresses PrPSc, reduced PrPSc protease resistance after 24-h incubation. It was also clarified that ScN2a cells are more susceptible to HFIP than any of the cells being compared. Based on these findings, HFIP is expected to develop as a therapeutic agent for prion disease.
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Sakai K, Hamaguchi T, Sanjo N, Murai H, Iwasaki Y, Hamano T, Honma M, Noguchi-Shinohara M, Nozaki I, Nakamura Y, Kitamoto T, Harada M, Mizusawa H, Yamada M. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in dura mater graft-associated Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Neurol Sci 2020; 418:117094. [PMID: 32823134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the extension patterns of the hyperintense areas on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in patients with dura mater graft-associated Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (dCJD). METHODS We collected the DW-MRI of dCJD cases identified by the CJD Surveillance Committee in Japan, between April 1999 and February 2018. The dCJD cases were classified into non-plaque and plaque-types. The relationship among the abnormal signals, the pathological classification, and the sites of grafting were analyzed. RESULTS We collected DW-MRI of 11 patients with dCJD, all of whom were methionine homozygous at codon 129 of the prion protein gene. The age at onset was 41 (26-76) [median (range)] years, the age at dural grafting was 19 (10-53) years, and the incubation period was 22 (16-29) years. Eight dCJD cases were classified as non-plaque-type and three cases were plaque-type. Five of the non-plaque-type cases and all the plaque-type cases were pathologically confirmed. Brain DW-MRI was performed 3 (1-22) months after the onset. Most of the non-plaque-type cases showed brighter hyperintensity in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia on the side of dural grafting. Subsequent DW-MRI showed widespread hyperintense lesions in the brain. Regarding the plaque-type cases, initial scans showed hyperintensity in the basal ganglia and the thalamus in one patient. Another patient's lesion was confined to the basal ganglia. The third patient showed no abnormalities seven months post-onset; however, serial images showed a hyperintensity confined to the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS Non-plaque and plaque-types demonstrated different patterns of propagation of distinct prion strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sakai
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8604, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8604, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sanjo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murai
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tadanori Hamano
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Aging and Dementia (DAD), University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mari Honma
- Department of Neurology, Masu Memorial Hospital, 100 Sumiyoshi, Nihonmatsu 964-0867, Japan
| | - Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8604, Japan; Department of Preemptive Medicine for Dementia, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nozaki
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8604, Japan
| | - Yosikazu Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
- Division of CJD Science and Technology, Department of Neurological Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masafumi Harada
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira 187-8551, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8604, Japan.
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Pei F, DiSalvo S, Sindi SS, Serio TR. A dominant-negative mutant inhibits multiple prion variants through a common mechanism. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007085. [PMID: 29084237 PMCID: PMC5679637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions adopt alternative, self-replicating protein conformations and thereby determine novel phenotypes that are often irreversible. Nevertheless, dominant-negative prion mutants can revert phenotypes associated with some conformations. These observations suggest that, while intervention is possible, distinct inhibitors must be developed to overcome the conformational plasticity of prions. To understand the basis of this specificity, we determined the impact of the G58D mutant of the Sup35 prion on three of its conformational variants, which form amyloids in S. cerevisiae. G58D had been previously proposed to have unique effects on these variants, but our studies suggest a common mechanism. All variants, including those reported to be resistant, are inhibited by G58D but at distinct doses. G58D lowers the kinetic stability of the associated amyloid, enhancing its fragmentation by molecular chaperones, promoting Sup35 resolubilization, and leading to amyloid clearance particularly in daughter cells. Reducing the availability or activity of the chaperone Hsp104, even transiently, reverses curing. Thus, the specificity of inhibition is determined by the sensitivity of variants to the mutant dosage rather than mode of action, challenging the view that a unique inhibitor must be developed to combat each variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Pei
- The University of Arizona, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Susanne DiSalvo
- Brown University, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Suzanne S. Sindi
- University of California, Merced, Applied Mathematics, School of Natural Sciences, Merced, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SS); (TRS)
| | - Tricia R. Serio
- The University of Arizona, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SS); (TRS)
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Fernández-Borges N, Eraña H, Venegas V, Elezgarai SR, Harrathi C, Castilla J. Animal models for prion-like diseases. Virus Res 2015; 207:5-24. [PMID: 25907990 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases or Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting several mammalian species being Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD) the most representative in human beings, scrapie in ovine, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in bovine and Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in cervids. As stated by the "protein-only hypothesis", the causal agent of TSEs is a self-propagating aberrant form of the prion protein (PrP) that through a misfolding event acquires a β-sheet rich conformation known as PrP(Sc) (from scrapie). This isoform is neurotoxic, aggregation prone and induces misfolding of native cellular PrP. Compelling evidence indicates that disease-specific protein misfolding in amyloid deposits could be shared by other disorders showing aberrant protein aggregates such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and systemic Amyloid A amyloidosis (AA amyloidosis). Evidences of shared mechanisms of the proteins related to each disease with prions will be reviewed through the available in vivo models. Taking prion research as reference, typical prion-like features such as seeding and propagation ability, neurotoxic species causing disease, infectivity, transmission barrier and strain evidences will be analyzed for other protein-related diseases. Thus, prion-like features of amyloid β peptide and tau present in AD, α-synuclein in PD, SOD-1, TDP-43 and others in ALS and serum α-amyloid (SAA) in systemic AA amyloidosis will be reviewed through models available for each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasier Eraña
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Venegas
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Saioa R Elezgarai
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Chafik Harrathi
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Ludewigs H, Zuber C, Vana K, Nikles D, Zerr I, Weiss S. Therapeutic approaches for prion disorders. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 5:613-30. [PMID: 17678425 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.5.4.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Prion diseases are lethal for both humans and animals, and affected individuals die after several months following a rapid disease progression. Although researchers have attempted for decades to develop effective therapeutics for the therapy of human prion disorders, until now no efficient drug has been available on the market for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) treatment or cure. Approximately 200 patients worldwide have died or suffer from variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Incidences for sporadic and familial CJD are approximately 1.5-2 per million per year and one per 10 million per year, respectively, in Europe. This review summarizes classical and modern trials for the development of effective anti-TSE drugs, introduces potential effective delivery systems, such as lentiviral and adeno-associated virus systems for antiprion components, including antibodies and siRNAs, and presents vaccination trials. Most of the antiprion drugs target prion protein PrP(c) and/or PrP(Sc). Alternative targets are receptors and coreceptors for PrP, that is, the 37/67-kDa laminin receptor and heparan sulfate proteoglycanes. We review clinical trials for the treatment of TSEs and describe hindrances and chances for a breakthrough in therapy of prion disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Ludewigs
- Laboratorium für Molekulare Biologie, Genzentrum, Institut für Biochemie der LMU München, München, Germany.
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Brazier MW, Wall VA, Brazier BW, Masters CL, Collins SJ. Therapeutic interventions ameliorating prion disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 7:83-105. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.7.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Recombinant human prion protein inhibits prion propagation in vitro. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2911. [PMID: 24105336 PMCID: PMC3793212 DOI: 10.1038/srep02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are associated with the conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the pathological scrapie isoform (PrPSc) in the brain. Both the in vivo and in vitro conversion of PrPC into PrPSc is significantly inhibited by differences in amino acid sequence between the two molecules. Using protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), we now report that the recombinant full-length human PrP (rHuPrP23-231) (that is unglycosylated and lacks the glycophosphatidylinositol anchor) is a strong inhibitor of human prion propagation. Furthermore, rHuPrP23-231 also inhibits mouse prion propagation in a scrapie-infected mouse cell line. Notably, it binds to PrPSc, but not PrPC, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of recombinant PrP results from blocking the interaction of brain PrPC with PrPSc. Our findings suggest a new avenue for treating prion diseases, in which a patient's own unglycosylated and anchorless PrP is used to inhibit PrPSc propagation without inducing immune response side effects.
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DiSalvo S, Serio TR. Insights into prion biology: integrating a protein misfolding pathway with its cellular environment. Prion 2011; 5:76-83. [PMID: 21654204 DOI: 10.4161/pri.5.2.16413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding and assembly into ordered, self-templating aggregates (amyloid) has emerged as a novel mechanism for regulating protein function. For a subclass of amyloidogenic proteins known as prions, this process induces transmissible changes in normal cellular physiology, ranging from neurodegenerative disease in animals and humans to new traits in fungi. The severity and stability of these altered phenotypic states can be attenuated by the conformation or amino-acid sequence of the prion, but in most of these cases, the protein retains the ability to form amyloid in vitro. Thus, our ability to link amyloid formation in vitro with its biological consequences in vivo remains a challenge. In two recent studies, we have begun to address this disconnect by assessing the effects of the cellular environment on traits associated with the misfolding of the yeast prion Sup35. Remarkably, the effects of quality control pathways and of limitations on protein transfer in vivo amplify the effects of even slight differences in the efficiency of Sup35 misfolding, leading to dramatic changes in the associated phenotype. Together, our studies suggest that the interplay between protein misfolding pathways and their cellular context is a crucial contributor to prion biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne DiSalvo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Dominant prion mutants induce curing through pathways that promote chaperone-mediated disaggregation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011; 18:486-92. [PMID: 21423195 PMCID: PMC3082495 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding underlies many neurodegenerative diseases, including the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases). Although cells typically recognize and process misfolded proteins, prion proteins evade protective measures by forming stable, self-replicating aggregates. However, coexpression of dominant-negative prion mutants can overcome aggregate accumulation and disease progression through currently unknown pathways. Here we determine the mechanisms by which two mutants of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sup35 protein cure the [PSI(+)] prion. We show that both mutants incorporate into wild-type aggregates and alter their physical properties in different ways, diminishing either their assembly rate or their thermodynamic stability. Whereas wild-type aggregates are recalcitrant to cellular intervention, mixed aggregates are disassembled by the molecular chaperone Hsp104. Thus, rather than simply blocking misfolding, dominant-negative prion mutants target multiple events in aggregate biogenesis to enhance their susceptibility to endogenous quality-control pathways.
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Kobayashi A, Hizume M, Teruya K, Mohri S, Kitamoto T. Heterozygous inhibition in prion infection: the stone fence model. Prion 2009; 3:27-30. [PMID: 19372732 DOI: 10.4161/pri.3.1.8514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human PrP gene (PRNP) has two major polymorphic codons: 129 for methionine (M) or valine (V) and 219 for glutamate (E) or lysine (K). The PRNP heterozygotes appear to be protected from sporadic CJD compared to the PRNP homozygotes. The molecular mechanism responsible for these protective effects of PRNP heterozygosity has remained elusive. In this review, we describe the inhibition of PrP conversion observed in a series of transmission studies using PRNP heterozygous animal models. In vCJD infection, the conversion incompetent human PrP 129V molecules showed an inhibitory effect on the conversion of human PrP 129M molecules in the 129M/V heterozygous mice. Furthermore, though the human PrP 219E and PrP 219K were both conversion competent in vCJD infection, these conversion competent PrP molecules showed an inhibitory effect in the 219E/K heterozygous animals. To explain this heterozygous inhibition, we propose a possible mechanism designated as the stone fence model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kobayashi
- Division of CJD Science and Technology, Department of Prion Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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