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Grant Liska M, Crowley MG, Lippert T, Corey S, Borlongan CV. Delta Opioid Receptor and Peptide: A Dynamic Therapy for Stroke and Other Neurological Disorders. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 247:277-299. [PMID: 28315071 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research of the opioid system and its composite receptors and ligands has revealed its promise as a potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke and Parkinson's Disease. In particular, delta opioid receptors (DORs) have been elucidated as a therapeutically distinguished subset of opioid receptors and a compelling target for novel intervention techniques. Research is progressively shedding light on the underlying mechanism of DORs and has revealed two mechanisms of DOR neuroprotection; DORs function to maintain ionic homeostasis and also to trigger endogenous neuroprotective pathways. Delta opioid agonists such as (D-Ala2, D-Leu5) enkephalin (DADLE) have been shown to promote neuronal survival and decrease apoptosis, resulting in a substantial amount of research for its application as a neurological therapeutic. Most notably, DADLE has demonstrated significant potential to reduce cell death following ischemic events. Current research is working to reveal the complex mechanisms of DADLE's neuroprotective properties. Ultimately, our knowledge of the DOR receptors and agonists has made the opioid system a promising target for therapeutic intervention in many neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grant Liska
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Marci G Crowley
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Trenton Lippert
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Sydney Corey
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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2
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Ratigan ED, McKay DB. Exploring principles of hibernation for organ preservation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2015; 30:13-9. [PMID: 26613668 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interest in mimicking hibernating states has led investigators to explore the biological mechanisms that permit hibernating mammals to survive for months at extremely low ambient temperatures, with no food or water, and awaken from their hibernation without apparent organ injury. Hibernators have evolved mechanisms to adapt to dramatic reductions in core body temperature and metabolic rate, accompanied by prolonged periods without nutritional intake and at the same time tolerate the metabolic demands of arousal. This review discusses the inherent resilience of hibernators to kidney injury and provides a potential framework for new therapies targeting ex vivo preservation of kidneys for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmett D Ratigan
- Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dianne B McKay
- Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Zhang M, Wang H, Zhao J, Chen C, Leak RK, Xu Y, Vosler P, Chen J, Gao Y, Zhang F. Drug-induced hypothermia in stroke models: does it always protect? CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2014; 12:371-80. [PMID: 23469851 DOI: 10.2174/1871527311312030010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common neurological disorder lacking a cure. Recent studies show that therapeutic hypothermia is a promising neuroprotective strategy against ischemic brain injury. Several methods to induce therapeutic hypothermia have been established; however, most of them are not clinically feasible for stroke patients. Therefore, pharmacological cooling is drawing increasing attention as a neuroprotective alternative worthy of further clinical development. We begin this review with a brief introduction to the commonly used methods for inducing hypothermia; we then focus on the hypothermic effects of eight classes of hypothermia-inducing drugs: the cannabinoids, opioid receptor activators, transient receptor potential vanilloid, neurotensins, thyroxine derivatives, dopamine receptor activators, hypothermia-inducing gases, adenosine, and adenine nucleotides. Their neuroprotective effects as well as the complications associated with their use are both considered. This article provides guidance for future clinical trials and animal studies on pharmacological cooling in the setting of acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Chen F, Qi Z, Luo Y, Hinchliffe T, Ding G, Xia Y, Ji X. Non-pharmaceutical therapies for stroke: mechanisms and clinical implications. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 115:246-69. [PMID: 24407111 PMCID: PMC3969942 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is deemed a worldwide leading cause of neurological disability and death, however, there is currently no promising pharmacotherapy for acute ischemic stroke aside from intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis. Yet because of the narrow therapeutic time window involved, thrombolytic application is very restricted in clinical settings. Accumulating data suggest that non-pharmaceutical therapies for stroke might provide new opportunities for stroke treatment. Here we review recent research progress in the mechanisms and clinical implications of non-pharmaceutical therapies, mainly including neuroprotective approaches such as hypothermia, ischemic/hypoxic conditioning, acupuncture, medical gases and transcranial laser therapy. In addition, we briefly summarize mechanical endovascular recanalization devices and recovery devices for the treatment of the chronic phase of stroke and discuss the relative merits of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhifeng Qi
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuming Luo
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Taylor Hinchliffe
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guanghong Ding
- Shanghai Research Center for Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Xia
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Xunming Ji
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing 100053, China.
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5
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Tian X, Guo J, Zhu M, Li M, Wu G, Xia Y. δ-Opioid receptor activation rescues the functional TrkB receptor and protects the brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69252. [PMID: 23844255 PMCID: PMC3699518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES δ-opioid receptor (DOR) activation reduced brain ischemic infarction and attenuated neurological deficits, while DOR inhibition aggravated the ischemic damage. The underlying mechanisms are, however, not well understood yet. In this work, we asked if DOR activation protects the brain against ischemic injury through a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -TrkB pathway. METHODS We exposed adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to focal cerebral ischemia, which was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). DOR agonist TAN-67 (60 nmol), antagonist Naltrindole (100 nmol) or artificial cerebral spinal fluid was injected into the lateral cerebroventricle 30 min before MCAO. Besides the detection of ischemic injury, the expression of BDNF, full-length and truncated TrkB, total CREB, p-CREB, p-ATF and CD11b was detected by Western blot and fluorescence immunostaining. RESULTS DOR activation with TAN-67 significantly reduced the ischemic volume and largely reversed the decrease in full-length TrkB protein expression in the ischemic cortex and striatum without any appreciable change in cerebral blood flow, while the DOR antagonist Naltrindole aggregated the ischemic injury. However, the level of BDNF remained unchanged in the cortex, striatum and hippocampus at 24 hours after MCAO and did not change in response to DOR activation or inhibition. MCAO decreased both total CREB and pCREB in the striatum, but not in the cortex, while DOR inhibition promoted a further decrease in total and phosphorylated CREB in the striatum and decreased pATF-1 expression in the cortex. In addition, MCAO increased CD11b expression in the cortex, striatum and hippocampus, and DOR activation specifically attenuated the ischemic increase in the cortex but not in the striatum and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS DOR activation rescues TrkB signaling by reversing ischemia/reperfusion induced decrease in the full-length TrkB receptor and reduces brain injury in ischemia/reperfusion.
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MESH Headings
- Activating Transcription Factor 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Brain/blood supply
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain Ischemia/complications
- Brain Ischemia/metabolism
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- CD11b Antigen/metabolism
- Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/metabolism
- Male
- Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, trkB/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/etiology
- Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jingchun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Shanghai Research Center for Acupuncture and Meridians, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JG) (YX)
| | - Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gencheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JG) (YX)
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6
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Doehner W, von Haehling S, Suhr J, Ebner N, Schuster A, Nagel E, Melms A, Wurster T, Stellos K, Gawaz M, Bigalke B. Elevated Plasma Levels of Neuropeptide Proenkephalin A Predict Mortality and Functional Outcome in Ischemic Stroke. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60:346-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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High expression of GLT-1 in hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus subfields contributes to their inherent resistance to ischemia in rats. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:1019-28. [PMID: 21925558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that neurons in the CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) subfields of the hippocampus are resistant to short period of ischemia which is usually lethal to pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 subfield. The present study was undertaken to clarify whether the inherent higher resistance of neurons in CA3 and DG to ischemia is associated with glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in rats. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry assay showed that the basal expressions of GLT-1 in both CA3 and DG were much higher than that in CA1 subfield. Mild global brain ischemia for 8 min induced delayed death of almost all CA1 pyramidal neurons and marked GLT-1 down-regulation in the CA1 subfield, but it was not lethal to the neurons in either CA3 or DG and induced GLT-1 up-regulation and astrocyte activation showed normal soma and aplenty slender processes in the both areas. When the global brain ischemia was prolonged to 25 min, neuronal death was clearly observed in CA3 and DG accompanied with down-regulation of GLT-1 expression and abnormal astrocytes represented with hypertrophic somas, but shortened processes. After down-regulating of GLT-1 expression and function by its antisense oligodeoxynucleotides or inhibiting GLT-1 function by dihydrokainate, an inhibitor of GLT-1, the mild global brain ischemia for 8 min, which usually was not lethal to CA3 and DG neurons, induced the neuronal death in CA3 and DG subfields. Taken together, the higher expression of GLT-1 in the CA3 and DG contributes to their inherent resistance to ischemia.
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8
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Kawano Y, Kawaguchi M, Hirota K, Kai S, Konishi N, Furuya H. Effects of n-propyl gallate on neuronal survival after forebrain ischemia in rats. Resuscitation 2011; 83:249-52. [PMID: 21803016 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
THE AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was conducted to assess the effects of intraperitoneal administration of n-propyl gallate (PG) on hippocampal neuronal survival after forebrain ischemia. METHODS Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of 6 groups. Animals in the PG-I-10, PG-I-8 and PG-S groups received intraperitoneal injection of PG (100mg/kg) 72, 48, 24h and 30 min before severe (10 min) or moderate (8 min) ischemia or sham operation, respectively, while animals in the V-I-10, V-I-8 and V-S groups received the vehicle (10% DMSO) in the same manner. Forebrain ischemia was produced by bilateral carotid occlusion combined with hypotension (35 mmHg) under isoflurane anesthesia. Animals were killed 7 days after reperfusion. Histological assessments were performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. In separate groups of animals that received PG or vehicle, m-RNA levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured using the reverse transcription-PCR protocol. RESULTS The number of normal neurons was significantly higher in the PG-I-8 group compared with that in the V-I-8 group, whereas it was similar between the PG-I-10 and V-I-10 groups. Animals that received PG had significantly higher levels of HIF-1α, EPO and VEGF expression compared with those that received vehicle. CONCLUSION The results indicated that intraperitoneal administration of PG may have neuroprotective effects in a model of moderate, but not severe, forebrain ischemia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Kawano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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9
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Wang S, Duan Y, Su D, Li W, Tan J, Yang D, Wang W, Zhao Z, Wang X. Delta opioid peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) triggers postconditioning against transient forebrain ischemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 658:140-4. [PMID: 21349267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Preconditioning with selective delta opioid peptide [d-Ala2, d-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) provides ischemic tolerance following transient forebrain ischemia in rats. However, whether DADLE postconditioning retains its neuroprotective efficacy and the underlying molecular mechanism in ischemic brain is largely unknown. We investigated DADLE postconditioning protection of hippocampal CA1 neurons against transient forebrain ischemia. 6 days after being implanted with cannula at the right lateral ventricle, rats underwent 10 min of forebrain ischemia by four vessel occlusion. Hippocampal CA1 neuronal survival and degeneration were measured in the hippocampi of rats at 3 days after ischemia. The behavioral and cognitive improvements of DADLE treatment in rats were also evaluated on days 5-9 using open-field and Morris water maze tests. The results showed that DADLE at doses of 0.25 and 2.5 nmol, but not 25 nmol, could significantly protect CA1 neurons against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Co-administration with the delta-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole or pretreatment with the Akt antagonist LY294002 completely abolished the DADLE postconditioning effect. Furthermore, DADLE postconditioning exhibited cognitive benefits in rats with transient forebrain ischemia. The study thus suggested a therapeutic opportunity of postconditioning neuroprotection by DADLE and also provided important information in understanding the mechanism of DADLE action in the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Chung SP, Song FQ, Yu T, Weng Y, Sun S, Weil MH, Tang W. Effect of therapeutic hypothermia vs δ-opioid receptor agonist on post resuscitation myocardial function in a rat model of CPR. Resuscitation 2010; 82:350-4. [PMID: 21177015 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study is to compare the effect of the δ-opioid receptor agonist, D-Ala(2)-D-Leu(5) enkephalin (DADLE) with normothermic control and therapeutic hypothermia on post resuscitation myocardial function and 72-h survival in a rat model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation. METHODS Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced in 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 8 min of untreated VF, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed for 8 min before defibrillation. Animals were randomized to three groups of five: (a) normothermia; (b) hypothermia (32 °C); and (c) normothermia with DADLE intravenous infusion (1 mg/kg h(-1)). Hypothermia and drug infusion were started after successful defibrillation. Myocardial functions, including cardiac output (CO), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and myocardial performance index (MPI) were measured echocardiographically together with duration of survival. RESULTS The 72-h survival was significantly greater in the hypothermic group than in both DADLE and normothermic group (p = 0.02). However, the survival time of the DADLE treated animals was significantly longer than that of the normothermia group (51.8 ± 18.9 vs 18.8 ± 10.1h, p < 0.01). DADLE group showed significantly better CO (PR 60 min, p = 0.049), better LVEF (PR 60 min, p = 0.044; PR 240 min, p < 0.001) and lower MPI (PR 60 min, p = 0.043; PR 240 min, p = 0.045) than normothermic group. Hypothermia group also showed significantly better CO (PR 60m in, p = 0.044; PR 240 min, p = 0.007), better LVEF (PR 60 min, p = 0.001; PR 240 min, p < 0.001) and lower MPI (PR 60 min, p = 0.003; PR 240 min, p = 0.012) than the normothermic group. CONCLUSIONS DADLE attenuated post resuscitation myocardial dysfunction and increased short term survival time. However, the 72-h survival in the DADLE group was less than that in the hypothermia group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Phil Chung
- Weil Institute of Critical Care Medicine, Rancho Mirage, CA, United States
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Drabek T, Tisherman SA, Garman RH, Kochanek PM. Reply to: Delta-opioid receptor ligands in shock treatment. Resuscitation 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Abstract
This paper is the thirtieth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2007 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd.,Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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13
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Drabek T, Han F, Garman RH, Stezoski J, Tisherman SA, Stezoski SW, Morhard RC, Kochanek PM. Assessment of the delta opioid agonist DADLE in a rat model of lethal hemorrhage treated by emergency preservation and resuscitation. Resuscitation 2008; 77:220-8. [PMID: 18207625 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 11/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Iwata M, Inoue S, Kawaguchi M, Nakamura M, Konishi N, Furuya H. Effects of delta-opioid receptor stimulation and inhibition on hippocampal survival in a rat model of forebrain ischaemia. Br J Anaesth 2007; 99:538-46. [PMID: 17704092 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that delta-opioid (DOP) receptor agonists may be neuroprotective in the central nervous system. However, the DOP agonist [d-Ala(2), d-Leu(5)]enkephalin (DADLE) does not produce neuroprotection in severe forebrain ischaemia. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of DADLE on hippocampal neurone survival against less severe forebrain ischaemia. METHODS Intraperitoneal injection of DADLE (0 or 16 mg kg(-1)) in male Sprague-Dawley rats was performed 30 min before ischaemia. Severe (10 min), moderate (8 min), or mild (6 min) forebrain ischaemia was produced by bilateral carotid occlusion combined with hypotension (35 mm Hg) under isoflurane (1.5%) anaesthesia. Naltrindole (10 mg kg(-1)) (DOP antagonist) was administered 30 min before DADLE in order to confirm DOP receptor activation in the neuroprotective efficacy of DADLE. Naltrindole alone was also administered 30 min before ischaemia to examine endogenous DOP agonism as a self-protecting mechanism against ischaemia. All animals were evaluated neurologically and histologically after a 1 week recovery period. RESULTS DADLE improved neurone survival in hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) sectors. CA1 neurones were not protected against moderate and mild ischaemia. Naltrindole abolished DADLE neuroprotection in the CA3 and DG after both moderate and mild ischaemia. Interestingly, regardless of co-administration of DADLE, naltrindole significantly worsened neuronal injury in the CA1 region after mild ischaemia. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DADLE provides limited neuroprotection to relatively ischaemia-resistant regions but not to selectively vulnerable regions. This was probably mediated by DOP stimulation. Pre-ischaemic treatment with a DOP antagonist, regardless of co-administration of DADLE, worsened neuronal damage at the selectively vulnerable regions only after mild forebrain ischaemia. These data suggest that DOP activation with endogenous DOP ligand may be involved in self-protecting ischaemia-sensitive regions of the brain.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain Ischemia/pathology
- Brain Ischemia/prevention & control
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/therapeutic use
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/pathology
- Male
- Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Prosencephalon/blood supply
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iwata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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15
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Su DS, Wang ZH, Zheng YJ, Zhao YH, Wang XR. Dose-dependent neuroprotection of delta opioid peptide [d-Ala2, d-Leu5] enkephalin in neuronal death and retarded behavior induced by forebrain ischemia in rats. Neurosci Lett 2007; 423:113-7. [PMID: 17689189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic insult, mainly induced by cardiovascular disease, is one of the most severe neurological diseases in clinical. There's mounting evidence showing that delta opioid agonist [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) has a tissue-protective effect. However, whether this property is effective to prevent neuronal death induced by forebrain ischemia is not clear. This study was aimed to investigate whether intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of DADLE has a neuroprotective effect against forebrain ischemia in rats. We found in our study that administration of DADLE 45 min before forebrain ischemia had significant protective effect against CA1 neuronal lose. Further more, we found that DADLE had a dose-dependent protection for improving behavioral retardation revealed by Morris water maze and motor score test, while naltrindole, the antagonist of delta opioid receptor, partially abolished neuroprotective effect of DADLE, which implicated that both opioid and non-opioid systems are involved in ischemic insults and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-san Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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