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Akefe IO, Osborne SL, Matthews B, Wallis TP, Meunier FA. Lipids and Secretory Vesicle Exocytosis. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 33:357-397. [PMID: 37615874 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34229-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of studies implicating lipids in the regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis has risen considerably. It has become increasingly clear that lipids such as phosphoinositides, lysophospholipids, cholesterol, arachidonic acid and myristic acid play critical regulatory roles in the processes leading up to exocytosis. Lipids may affect membrane fusion reactions by altering the physical properties of the membrane, recruiting key regulatory proteins, concentrating proteins into exocytic "hotspots" or by modulating protein functions allosterically. Discrete changes in phosphoinositides concentration are involved in multiple trafficking events including exocytosis and endocytosis. Lipid-modifying enzymes such as the DDHD2 isoform of phospholipase A1 were recently shown to contribute to memory acquisition via dynamic modifications of the brain lipid landscape. Considering the increasing reports on neurodegenerative disorders associated with aberrant intracellular trafficking, an improved understanding of the control of lipid pathways is physiologically and clinically significant and will afford unique insights into mechanisms and therapeutic methods for neurodegenerative diseases. Consequently, this chapter will discuss the different classes of lipids, phospholipase enzymes, the evidence linking them to synaptic neurotransmitter release and how they act to regulate key steps in the multi-step process leading to neuronal communication and memory acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac O Akefe
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Shona L Osborne
- ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology (CIBIT), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin Matthews
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Tristan P Wallis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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Integrated Proteomics and Lipidomics Investigation of the Mechanism Underlying the Neuroprotective Effect of N-benzylhexadecanamide. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112929. [PMID: 30424008 PMCID: PMC6278518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macamides are very important secondary metabolites produced by Lepidium meyenii Walp, which possess multiple bioactivities, especially in the neuronal system. In a previous study, we observed that macamides exhibited excellent effects in the recovery of injured nerves after 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage in zebrafish. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that N-benzylhexadecanamide (XA), which is a typical constituent of macamides, improved the survival rate of neurons in vitro. We determined the concentration of neurotransmitters in MN9D cells and used it in conjunction with an integrated proteomics and lipidomics approach to investigate the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of XA in an MPP+-induced neurodegeneration cell model using QqQ MS, Q-TOF MS, and Orbitrap MS. The statistical analysis of the results led to the identification of differentially-expressed biomarkers, including 11 proteins and 22 lipids, which may be responsible for the neuron-related activities of XA. All these potential biomarkers were closely related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and their levels approached those in the normal group after treatment with XA. Furthermore, seven lipids, including five phosphatidylcholines, one lysophosphatidylcholine, and one phosphatidylethanolamine, were verified by a relative quantitative approach. Moreover, four proteins (Scarb2, Csnk2a2, Vti1b, and Bnip2) were validated by ELISA. The neurotransmitters taurine and norepinephrine, and the cholinergic constituents, correlated closely with the neuroprotective effects of XA. Finally, the protein–lipid interaction network was analyzed. Based on our results, the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism and mitochondrial function were determined to be the main mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of XA. The present study should help us to better understand the multiple effects of macamides and their use in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Wang P, Wang Q, Yang L, Qin QL, Wu YJ. Characterization of lysophosphatidylcholine-induced changes of intracellular calcium in Drosophila S2 cells. Life Sci 2015; 131:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Šribar J, Oberčkal J, Križaj I. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the presynaptic toxicity of secreted phospholipases A2: An update. Toxicon 2014; 89:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kasai H, Takahashi N, Tokumaru H. Distinct Initial SNARE Configurations Underlying the Diversity of Exocytosis. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:1915-64. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of exocytosis are diverse and have been optimized for the functions of synapses and a wide variety of cell types. For example, the kinetics of exocytosis varies by more than five orders of magnitude between ultrafast exocytosis in synaptic vesicles and slow exocytosis in large dense-core vesicles. However, in all cases, exocytosis is mediated by the same fundamental mechanism, i.e., the assembly of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins. It is often assumed that vesicles need to be docked at the plasma membrane and SNARE proteins must be preassembled before exocytosis is triggered. However, this model cannot account for the dynamics of exocytosis recently reported in synapses and other cells. For example, vesicles undergo exocytosis without prestimulus docking during tonic exocytosis of synaptic vesicles in the active zone. In addition, epithelial and hematopoietic cells utilize cAMP and kinases to trigger slow exocytosis of nondocked vesicles. In this review, we summarize the manner in which the diversity of exocytosis reflects the initial configurations of SNARE assembly, including trans-SNARE, binary-SNARE, unitary-SNARE, and cis-SNARE configurations. The initial SNARE configurations depend on the particular SNARE subtype (syntaxin, SNAP25, or VAMP), priming proteins (Munc18, Munc13, CAPS, complexin, or snapin), triggering proteins (synaptotagmins, Doc2, and various protein kinases), and the submembraneous cytomatrix, and they are the key to determining the kinetics of subsequent exocytosis. These distinct initial configurations will help us clarify the common SNARE assembly processes underlying exocytosis and membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Kasai
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokumaru
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
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Davletov B, Montecucco C. Lipid function at synapses. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2010; 20:543-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Silva-Cardoso L, Caccin P, Magnabosco A, Patrón M, Targino M, Fuly A, Oliveira GA, Pereira MH, do Carmo MDGT, Souza AS, Silva-Neto MAC, Montecucco C, Atella GC. Paralytic activity of lysophosphatidylcholine from saliva of the waterbug Belostoma anurum. J Exp Biol 2010; 213:3305-10. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.041954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a major bioactive lipid that is enzymatically generated by phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Previously, we showed that LPC is present in the saliva of the blood-sucking hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus and modulates cell-signaling pathways involved in vascular biology, which aids blood feeding. Here, we show that the saliva of the predator insect Belostoma anurum contains a large number of lipids with LPC accounting for 25% of the total phospholipids. A PLA2 enzyme likely to be involved in LPC generation was characterized. The activity of this enzyme is 5-fold higher in Belostoma saliva than in other studied hemipterans, suggesting a close association with the predator feeding habits of this insect. Belostoma employs extra-oral digestion, which allows for ingestion of larger prey than itself, including small vertebrates such as amphibians and fish. Therefore, prey immobilization during digestion is essential, and we show here that Belostoma saliva and B. anurum saliva purified LPC have paralytic activity in zebrafish. This is the first evidence that lysophospholipids might play an important role in prey immobilization, in addition to contributing to blood feeding, and might have been an evolutionary acquisition that occurred long before the appearance of hematophagy in this animal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Silva-Cardoso
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68041, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Av. Bauhínia 400, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Caccin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Magnabosco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Patrón
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariane Targino
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68041, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Av. Bauhínia 400, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Fuly
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, UFF, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselle A. Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68041, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Av. Bauhínia 400, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos H. Pereira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda S. Souza
- Instituto de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mário A. C. Silva-Neto
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68041, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Av. Bauhínia 400, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Montecucco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Georgia C. Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68041, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Av. Bauhínia 400, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Caccin P, Magnabosco A, Tedesco E, Silva-Cardoso L, Atella GC, Montecucco C. Lysophospholipids are evolutionary ancient venom components. Toxicon 2010; 56:1525-7. [PMID: 20615428 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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NAD(P)H oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production alters astrocyte membrane molecular order via phospholipase A2. Biochem J 2009; 421:201-10. [PMID: 19392662 DOI: 10.1042/bj20090356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ROS (reactive oxygen species) overproduction is an important underlying factor for the activation of astrocytes in various neuropathological conditions. In the present study, we examined ROS production in astrocytes and downstream effects leading to changes in the signalling cascade, morphology and membrane dynamics using menadione, a redox-active compound capable of inducing intracellular ROS. NAD(P)H oxidase-mediated menadione-induced ROS production, which then stimulated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2), and increased actin polymerization and cytoskeletal protrusions. We also showed that astrocyte plasma membranes became more molecularly ordered under oxidative stress, which was abrogated by down-regulating cPLA2 (cytosolic phospholipase A2) either with a pharmacological inhibitor or by RNA interference. In addition, mild disruption of F-actin with cytochalasin D suppressed menadione-enhanced phosphorylation of cPLA2 and membrane alterations. Taken together, these results suggest an important role for ROS derived from NAD(P)H oxidase in activation of astrocytes to elicit biochemical, morphological and biophysical changes reminiscent of reactive astrocytes in pathological conditions.
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Montecucco C, Rossetto O. On the quaternary structure of taipoxin and textilotoxin: The advantage of being multiple. Toxicon 2008; 51:1560-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Toxins that alter neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals are of considerable scientific and clinical importance. Many advances were recently made in the understanding of their molecular mechanisms of action and use in human therapy. Here, we focus on presynaptic neurotoxins, which are very potent inhibitors of the neurotransmitter release because they are endowed with specific enzymatic activities: (1) clostridial neurotoxins with a metallo-proteolytic activity and (2) snake presynaptic neurotoxins with a phospholipase A2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Rossetto
- Departimento de Scienze Biomediche and Istituto CNR di Neuroscienze, Universita di Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
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