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Lee KH, Rim DE, Lee JH, Jeong SW. Role of ATP5G3 in sodium nitroprusside-induced cell death in cervical carcinoma cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23267. [PMID: 36524533 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We identified a gene, subunit C3 (ATP5G3) of mitochondrial ATP synthase, that displayed changes in gene expression under oxidative stress. We examined the role of ATP5G3 and its molecular mechanisms in sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced cell death using ATP5G3 small interfering RNA (siATP5G3)-transfected HeLa cells. A significant increase in cytotoxicity was observed in the transfected cells treated with SNP, which suggests a protective role of ATP5G3 in SNP-induced cytotoxicity in the cells. The transfected cells treated with photodegraded SNP showed equal cytotoxicity to SNP, and pretreatment with deferoxamine (DFO) completely inhibited this cytotoxicity. Further, cytotoxicity was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with a p38 inhibitor and was accentuated by the p38 activator in cells. Pretreatment with the Bcl-xL inhibitor also significantly accentuated cytotoxicity. The increase in p38 phosphorylation was significantly higher in siATP5G3-transfected cells treated with SNP in immunoblotting, which was inhibited by pretreatment with DFO. The increase in cytotoxicity with siATP5G3 transfection was completely blocked by cotransfection with sip38, and the blocking effect disappeared by cotransfection with additional siBcl-xL, which suggests that the protective role of ATP5G3 is mediated by Bcl-xL via the inhibition of p38 activity. Cytotoxicity was completely blocked by the cotransfection of siATP5G3 with siBax. No change in apoptotic parameters was observed during cytotoxicity. However, pretreatment with lysosomal inhibitors significantly inhibited cytotoxicity and increased p62 protein levels. These findings suggest that ATP5G3 plays a protective role in autophagic cell death/lysosome-associated cell death induced by SNP via the sequential signaling of ROS/p38/Bcl-xL/Bax in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hye Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Eun Rim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Whan Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zheng T, Zhao C, Zhao B, Liu H, Wang S, Wang L, Liu P. Impairment of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and activation of pyroptosis in macular corneal dystrophy. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:85. [PMID: 32983576 PMCID: PMC7487068 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) is ascribed to mutations in the carbohydrate sulfotransferase (CHST6) gene affecting keratan sulfate (KS) hydrophilicity and causing non-sulfated KS to precipitate in keratocytes and the corneal stroma. We investigated roles for inflammatory responses in MCD pathogenesis by examining the lysosomal-autophagy pathway and activation of pyroptosis in MCD keratocytes. Normal and lesioned keratocytes were obtained from MCD patients undergoing corneal transplantation. The keratocytes were subjected to gene sequencing, RT-PCR, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, histological staining, induction and inhibition assays of autophagy and pyroptosis, CCK-8 and LysoTracker Green DND-26 labeling, and flow cytometry. A novel homozygous MCD mutation was identified in a family from Northeast China; the mutation was distinguished by cytoplasmic vacuolation, cell membrane disruption, electron dense deposits, and deposition of a band of Periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue-positive material in the keratocytes and stroma layer. KS protein levels were decreased, expression of p62 and LC3-II proteins was enhanced, cathepsin D expression was declined and the LysoTracker Green DND-26 signal was dramatically reduced in MCD keratocytes. Bafilomycin-A1 treatment significantly increased caspase-1 and Pro-IL-1β expression in normal and MCD keratocytes. Nod-like receptors pyrins-3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, Pro-IL-1β, and IL-1β levels were pronouncedly elevated in cells exposed to H2O2. Ac-YVAD-CMK treatment reversed this expression in normal and MCD keratocytes. Suppression of the autophagic degradation of non-sulfated KS by impaired autophagic flux in MCD keratocytes triggers pyroptosis. Amelioration of impaired autophagy and restraint of pyroptosis may, therefore, have therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of MCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Chuchu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Baowen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Hanruo Liu
- The Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Shijian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
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Mangieri LR, Mader BJ, Thomas CE, Taylor CA, Luker AM, Tse TE, Huisingh C, Shacka JJ. ATP6V0C knockdown in neuroblastoma cells alters autophagy-lysosome pathway function and metabolism of proteins that accumulate in neurodegenerative disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93257. [PMID: 24695574 PMCID: PMC3973706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP6V0C is the bafilomycin A1-binding subunit of vacuolar ATPase, an enzyme complex that critically regulates vesicular acidification. We and others have shown previously that bafilomycin A1 regulates cell viability, autophagic flux and metabolism of proteins that accumulate in neurodegenerative disease. To determine the importance of ATP6V0C for autophagy-lysosome pathway function, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells differentiated to a neuronal phenotype were nucleofected with non-target or ATP6V0C siRNA and following recovery were treated with either vehicle or bafilomycin A1 (0.3-100 nM) for 48 h. ATP6V0C knockdown was validated by quantitative RT-PCR and by a significant decrease in Lysostracker Red staining. ATP6V0C knockdown significantly increased basal levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II), α-synuclein high molecular weight species and APP C-terminal fragments, and inhibited autophagic flux. Enhanced LC3 and LAMP-1 co-localization following knockdown suggests that autophagic flux was inhibited in part due to lysosomal degradation and not by a block in vesicular fusion. Knockdown of ATP6V0C also sensitized cells to the accumulation of autophagy substrates and a reduction in neurite length following treatment with 1 nM bafilomycin A1, a concentration that did not produce such alterations in non-target control cells. Reduced neurite length and the percentage of propidium iodide-positive dead cells were also significantly greater following treatment with 3 nM bafilomycin A1. Together these results indicate a role for ATP6V0C in maintaining constitutive and stress-induced ALP function, in particular the metabolism of substrates that accumulate in age-related neurodegenerative disease and may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra R. Mangieri
- Department Pathology, Neuropathology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Burton J. Mader
- Department Pathology, Neuropathology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Cailin E. Thomas
- Department Pathology, Neuropathology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Charles A. Taylor
- Department Pathology, Neuropathology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Austin M. Luker
- Department Pathology, Neuropathology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Tonia E. Tse
- Department Pathology, Neuropathology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Carrie Huisingh
- Department Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - John J. Shacka
- Department Pathology, Neuropathology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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Li L, Ishdorj G, Gibson SB. Reactive oxygen species regulation of autophagy in cancer: implications for cancer treatment. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1399-410. [PMID: 22820461 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in regulating normal cellular processes, but deregulated ROS contribute to the development of various human diseases including cancers. Autophagy is one of the first lines of defense against oxidative stress damage. The autophagy pathway can be induced and upregulated in response to intracellular ROS or extracellular oxidative stress. This leads to selective lysosomal self-digestion of intracellular components to maintain cellular homeostasis. Hence, autophagy is the survival pathway, conferring stress adaptation and promoting viability under oxidative stress. However, increasing evidence has demonstrated that autophagy can also lead to cell death under oxidative stress conditions. In addition, altered autophagic signaling pathways that lead to decreased autophagy are frequently found in many human cancers. This review discusses the advances in understanding of the mechanisms of ROS-induced autophagy and how this process relates to tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
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Ziegler F, Seddiki L, Marion-Letellier R, Lavoinne A, Déchelotte P. Effects of l-glutamine supplementation alone or with antioxidants on hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in human intestinal epithelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eclnm.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Byun YJ, Lee SB, Lee HO, Son MJ, Kim HS, Kwon OJ, Jeong SW. Vacuolar H+-ATPase c protects glial cell death induced by sodium nitroprusside under glutathione-depleted condition. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:1985-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Chen Y, Azad MB, Gibson SB. Superoxide is the major reactive oxygen species regulating autophagy. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:1040-52. [PMID: 19407826 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in human diseases and is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). However, the relative functions of O(2)(*-) and H(2)O(2) in regulating autophagy are unknown. In this study, autophagy was induced by starvation, mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors, and exogenous H(2)O(2). We found that O(2)(*-) was selectively induced by starvation of glucose, L-glutamine, pyruvate, and serum (GP) whereas starvation of amino acids and serum (AA) induced O(2)(*-) and H(2)O(2). Both types of starvation induced autophagy and autophagy was inhibited by overexpression of SOD2 (manganese superoxide dismutase, Mn-SOD), which reduced O(2)(*-) levels but increased H(2)O(2) levels. Starvation-induced autophagy was also inhibited by the addition of catalase, which reduced both O(2)(*-) and H(2)O(2) levels. Starvation of GP or AA also induced cell death that was increased following treatment with autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine, and wortamannin. Mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) inhibitors in combination with the SOD inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) increased O(2)(*-) levels, lowered H(2)O(2) levels, and increased autophagy. In contrast to starvation, cell death induced by mETC inhibitors was increased by 2-ME. Finally, adding exogenous H(2)O(2) induced autophagy and increased intracellular O(2)(*-) but failed to increase intracellular H(2)O(2). Taken together, these findings indicate that O(2)(*-) is the major ROS-regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Lee WG, Demirci U, Khademhosseini A. Microscale electroporation: challenges and perspectives for clinical applications. Integr Biol (Camb) 2009; 1:242-51. [PMID: 20023735 DOI: 10.1039/b819201d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microscale engineering plays a significant role in developing tools for biological applications by miniaturizing devices and providing controllable microenvironments for in vitro cell research. Miniaturized devices offer numerous benefits in comparison to their macroscale counterparts, such as lower use of expensive reagents, biomimetic environments, and the ability to manipulate single cells. Microscale electroporation is one of the main beneficiaries of microscale engineering as it provides spatial and temporal control of various electrical parameters. Microscale electroporation devices can be used to reduce limitations associated with the conventional electroporation approaches such as variations in the local pH, electric field distortion, sample contamination, and the difficulties in transfecting and maintaining the viability of desired cell types. Here, we present an overview of recent advances of the microscale electroporation methods and their applications in biology, as well as current challenges for its use for clinical applications. We categorize microscale electroporation into microchannel and microcapillary electroporation. Microchannel-based electroporation can be used for transfecting cells within microchannels under dynamic flow conditions in a controlled and high-throughput fashion. In contrast, microcapillary-based electroporation can be used for transfecting cells within controlled reaction chambers under static flow conditions. Using these categories we examine the use of microscale electroporation for clinical applications related to HIV-1, stem cells, cancer and other diseases and discuss the challenges in further advancing this technology for use in clinical medicine and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Gu Lee
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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