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Murillo-Rodríguez E, Di Marzo V, Machado S, Rocha NB, Veras AB, Neto GAM, Budde H, Arias-Carrión O, Arankowsky-Sandoval G. Role of N-Arachidonoyl-Serotonin (AA-5-HT) in Sleep-Wake Cycle Architecture, Sleep Homeostasis, and Neurotransmitters Regulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:152. [PMID: 28611585 PMCID: PMC5447686 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system comprises several molecular entities such as endogenous ligands [anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)], receptors (CB1 and CB2), enzymes such as [fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAHH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL)], as well as the anandamide membrane transporter. Although the role of this complex neurobiological system in the sleep–wake cycle modulation has been studied, the contribution of the blocker of FAAH/transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), N-arachidonoyl-serotonin (AA-5-HT) in sleep has not been investigated. Thus, in the present study, varying doses of AA-5-HT (5, 10, or 20 mg/Kg, i.p.) injected at the beginning of the lights-on period of rats, caused no statistical changes in sleep patterns. However, similar pharmacological treatment given to animals at the beginning of the dark period decreased wakefulness (W) and increased slow wave sleep (SWS) as well as rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). Power spectra analysis of states of vigilance showed that injection of AA-5-HT during the lights-off period diminished alpha spectrum across alertness in a dose-dependent fashion. In opposition, delta power spectra was enhanced as well as theta spectrum, during SWS and REMS, respectively. Moreover, the highest dose of AA-5-HT decreased wake-related contents of neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EP), serotonin (5-HT) whereas the levels of adenosine (AD) were enhanced. In addition, the sleep-inducing properties of AA-5-HT were confirmed since this compound blocked the increase in W caused by stimulants such as cannabidiol (CBD) or modafinil (MOD) during the lights-on period. Additionally, administration of AA-5-HT also prevented the enhancement in contents of DA, NE, EP, 5-HT and AD after CBD of MOD injection. Lastly, the role of AA-5-HT in sleep homeostasis was tested in animals that received either CBD or MOD after total sleep deprivation (TSD). The injection of CBD or MOD increased alertness during sleep rebound period after TSD. However, AA-5-HT blocked this effect by allowing animals to display an enhancement in sleep across sleep rebound period. Overall, our findings provide evidence that AA-5-HT is an important modulator of sleep, sleep homeostasis and neurotransmitter contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac MayabMérida, Mexico.,Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac MayabMérida, Mexico.,Grupo de Investigación Desarrollos Tecnológicos para la Salud, División de Ingeniería y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Anáhuac MayabMérida, Mexico.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePozzuoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira UniversityRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nuno B Rocha
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of PortoPorto, Portugal
| | - André B Veras
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Dom Bosco Catholic UniversityRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Geraldo A M Neto
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School HamburgHamburg, Germany.,Physical Activity, Physical Education, Health and Sport Research Centre (PAPESH), Sports Science Department, School of Science and Engineering Reykjavik UniversityReykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Health, Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports UniversityKaunas, Lithuania
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González"Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gloria Arankowsky-Sandoval
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de YucatánMérida, Mexico
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De Ron P, Dremier S, Winlow P, Jenkins A, Hanon E, Nogueira da Costa A. Correlating behaviour and gene expression endpoints in the dopaminergic system after modafinil administration in mouse. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:729-40. [PMID: 26875113 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of action of modafinil continue to be poorly characterised and its potential for abuse in preclinical models remains controverted. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the mechanism of action of modafinil, through a potential behavioural and molecular association in the mouse. A conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm was implemented to investigate the rewarding properties of modafinil. Whole genome expression and qRT-PCR analysis were performed on the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of modafinil-treated and control animals. Modafinil administration (65 mg/kg) induced an increase in locomotor activity, an increase in the change of preference for the drug paired side after a conditioning period as well as changes to gene expression profiles in the VTA (120 genes), NAC (23 genes) and PFC (19 genes). A molecular signature consisting of twelve up-regulated genes was identified as common to the three brain regions. Multiple linear correlation analysis showed a strong correlation (R(2)>0.70) between the behavioural and molecular endpoints in the three brain regions. We show that modafinil had a concomitant effect on CPP, locomotor activity, and up-regulation of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) regulated genes (Gbp2, Gbp3, Gbp10, Cd274, Igtp), while correlating the latter set of genes with behaviour changes evaluated through the CPP. A potential association can be proposed based on the dysregulation of p47 family genes and Gbp family of IFN-γ induced GTPases. In conclusion, these findings suggest a link between the behavioural and molecular events in the context of modafinil administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Ron
- Non-Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Belgium
| | - S Dremier
- Non-Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Belgium
| | - P Winlow
- Non-Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Belgium
| | - A Jenkins
- Non-Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Belgium
| | - E Hanon
- CNS Research, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Belgium
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Arias-Carrión O, Palomero-Rivero M, Millán-Aldaco D, Haro R, Drucker-Colín R, Murillo-Rodríguez E. Infusion of modafinil into anterior hypothalamus or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus at different time-points enhances waking and blocks the expression of recovery sleep in rats after sleep deprivation. Exp Neurol 2011; 229:358-63. [PMID: 21385582 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have indicated that the primary pharmacological activity of modafinil (MOD) is inducing wakefulness; however, the brain targets that underlie its wake-promoting activity have not been described. In the present study, we show that MOD injected into sleep-wake related brain areas promoted alertness. If administered (10, 20, or 30 μg/1 μL) into either anterior hypothalamus (AH) or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) at 08:00, 12:00 or 16:00 h, MOD enhanced wakefulness whereas diminished slow wave sleep as well as rapid eye movement sleep. In addition, microinjection of MOD (10, 20, or 30 μg/1 μL) either into AH or PPTg after total sleep deprivation prevented the sleep rebound. Taken together, these observations suggest that AH and PPTg play a key role in the wake-inducing effects of MOD and encourage further experimentation to draw a possible mechanism of action.
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Decker MJ, Tabassum H, Lin JMS, Reeves WC. Electroencephalographic correlates of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Behav Brain Funct 2009; 5:43. [PMID: 19807920 PMCID: PMC2765956 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-5-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unremitting fatigue and unrefreshing sleep, hallmark traits of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), are also pathognomonic of sleep disorders. Yet, no reproducible perturbations of sleep architecture, multiple sleep latency times or Epworth Sleepiness Scores are found to be associated consistently with CFS. This led us to hypothesize that sleep homeostasis, rather than sleep architecture, may be perturbed in CFS. To probe this hypothesis, we measured and compared EEG frequencies associated with restorative sleep between persons with CFS and matched controls, both derived from a population-based sample. METHODS We evaluated overnight polysomnography (PSG) in 35 CFS and 40 control subjects. PSG records were manually scored and epochs containing artifact removed. Fast Fourier Transformation was utilized to deconstruct individual EEG signals into primary frequency bands of alpha, delta, theta, sigma, and beta frequency domains. The spectral power of each frequency domain for each sleep state was compared between persons with CFS and matched controls. RESULTS In persons with CFS, delta power was diminished during slow wave sleep, but elevated during both stage 1 and REM. Alpha power was reduced during stage 2, slow wave, and REM sleep. Those with CFS also had significantly lower theta, sigma, and beta spectral power during stage 2, Slow Wave Sleep, and REM. DISCUSSION Employing quantitative EEG analysis we demonstrate reduced spectral power of cortical delta activity during SWS. We also establish reduced spectral power of cortical alpha activity, with the greatest reduction occurring during REM sleep. Reductions in theta, beta, and sigma spectral power were also apparent. CONCLUSION Unremitting fatigue and unrefreshing sleep, the waking manifestations of CFS, may be the consequence of impaired sleep homeostasis rather than a primary sleep disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Decker
- Chronic Viral Diseases Branch, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop A-15, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Murillo-Rodríguez E, Millán-Aldaco D, Di Marzo V, Drucker-Colín R. The anandamide membrane transporter inhibitor, VDM-11, modulates sleep and c-Fos expression in the rat brain. Neuroscience 2008; 157:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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