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Heydari B, Mashayekhi F, Kashani MHG. Effect of in ovo feeding of folic acid on Disabled-1 and gga-miR-182-5p expression in the cerebral cortex of chick embryo. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:285-290. [PMID: 37814386 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Folate (vitamin B9) has been shown to reduce the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs). Many genes comprising Disabled-1 (DAB1) and miRNAs have been shown to play important role in normal brain development. Reelin-signalling has been shown to play key role in regulating of neuronal migration during brain development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in ovo administration of folic acid (FA) on DAB1 and gga-miR-182-5p expression in the cerebral cortex of chick embryo. A total number of 30 hatching eggs were used in this study. The number of 10 eggs were injected into the yolk sac with FA (150 µg/egg), 10 eggs by normal saline (sham group) on embryonic day 11 and 10 eggs were left without injection as control. Then the cerebral cortices were collected on E19 and the expression of DAB1 and gga-miR-182-5p was studied by Real-Time PCR. The results showed that DAB1 expression in the cerebral cortex of FA-treated, sham and control were 2.51 ± 0.13, 1.01 ± 0.04 and 1.03 ± 0.04 fold changes, respectively, and this amount for gga-miR-182-5p were 0.54 ± 0.03, 1.09 ± 0.07 and 1.00 ± 0.06-fold change respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant increase in DAB1 and a decrease in gga-miR-182-5p expression in FA injected cerebral cortex as compared either with either SHAM or control (p < 0.0001). But, no significant change in DAB1 and gga-miR-182-5p expression was observed between sham and the control group (p = 0.99 and p = 0.57 respectively). It is concluded that in ovo feeding of FA increases DAB1 and decreases gga-miR-182-5p expression in the developing chick cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Heydari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Farhad Mashayekhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Konala VBR, Nandakumar S, Surendran H, Datar S, Bhonde R, Pal R. Neuronal and cardiac toxicity of pharmacological compounds identified through transcriptomic analysis of human pluripotent stem cell-derived embryoid bodies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 433:115792. [PMID: 34742744 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent with the '3R' principle, the embryonic stem cell test (EST) using mouse embryonic stem cells, developed in 2000, remains the solely accepted in vitro method for embryotoxicity testing. However, the scope and implementation of EST for embryotoxicity screening, compliant with regulatory requirements, are limited. This is due to its technical complexity, long testing period, labor-intensive methodology, and limited endpoint data, leading to misclassification of embryotoxic potential. In this study, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived embryoid bodies (EB) as an in vitro model to investigate the embryotoxic effects of a carefully selected set of pharmacological compounds. Morphology, viability, and differentiation potential were investigated after exposing EBs to folic acid, all-trans-retinoic acid, dexamethasone, and valproic acid for 15 days. The results showed that the compounds differentially repressed cell growth, compromised morphology, and triggered apoptosis in the EBs. Further, transcriptomics was employed to compare subtle temporal changes between treated and untreated cultures. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that dysregulation of a large number of genes strongly correlated with impaired neuroectoderm and cardiac mesoderm formation. This aberrant gene expression pattern was associated with several disorders of the brain like mental retardation, multiple sclerosis, stroke and of the heart like dilated cardiomyopathy, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular arrhythmia. Lastly, these in vitro findings were validated using in ovo chick embryo model. Taken together, pharmacological compound or drug-induced defective EB development from hiPSCs could potentially be used as a suitable in vitro platform for embryotoxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Bhaskar Reddy Konala
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India; Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Swapna Nandakumar
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Harshini Surendran
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India; Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Savita Datar
- Department of Zoology, S. P. College, Pune 411030, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajarshi Pal
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India; Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India.
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3
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Li Z, Li W, Zhou D, Zhao J, Ma Y, Huang L, Dong C, Wilson JX, Huang G. Alleviating Oxidative Damage-Induced Telomere Attrition: a Potential Mechanism for Inhibition by Folic Acid of Apoptosis in Neural Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:590-602. [PMID: 34741234 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA oxidative damage can cause telomere attrition or dysfunction that triggers cell senescence and apoptosis. The hypothesis of this study is that folic acid decreases apoptosis in neural stem cells (NSCs) by preventing oxidative stress-induced telomere attrition. Primary cultures of NSCs were incubated for 9 days with various concentrations of folic acid (0-40 µM) and then incubated for 24 h with a combination of folic acid and an oxidant (100-µM hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), antioxidant (10-mM N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC), or vehicle. Intracellular folate concentration, apoptosis rate, cell proliferative capacity, telomere length, telomeric DNA oxidative damage, telomerase activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, cellular oxidative damage, and intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities were determined. The results showed that folic acid deficiency in NSCs decreased intracellular folate concentration, cell proliferation, telomere length, and telomerase activity but increased apoptosis, telomeric DNA oxidative damage, and intracellular ROS levels. In contrast, folic acid supplementation dose-dependently increased intracellular folate concentration, cell proliferative capacity, telomere length, and telomerase activity but decreased apoptosis, telomeric DNA oxidative damage, and intracellular ROS levels. Exposure to H2O2 aggravated telomere attrition and oxidative damage, whereas NAC alleviated the latter. High doses of folic acid prevented telomere attrition and telomeric DNA oxidative damage by H2O2. In conclusion, inhibition of telomeric DNA oxidative damage and telomere attrition in NSCs may be potential mechanisms of inhibiting NSC apoptosis by folic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research On Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Dezheng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Cuixia Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - John X Wilson
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8028, USA
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Center for International Collaborative Research On Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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de Leeuw VC, van Nieuwland M, Bokkers BGH, Piersma AH. Culture Conditions Affect Chemical-Induced Developmental Toxicity In Vitro: The Case of Folic Acid, Methionine and Methotrexate in the Neural Embryonic Stem Cell Test. Altern Lab Anim 2020; 48:173-183. [PMID: 33034509 DOI: 10.1177/0261192920961963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In vitro tests are increasingly applied in chemical hazard assessment. Basic culture conditions may affect the outcome of in vitro tests and should be optimised to reduce false predictions. The neural embryonic stem cell test (ESTn) can predict early neurodevelopmental effects of chemicals, as it mimics the differentiation of stem cells towards the neuroectodermal lineage. Normal early neural differentiation depends crucially on folic acid (FA) and methionine (MET), both elements of the one-carbon (1C) cycle. The aim of this study was to assess the concentration-dependent influence of FA and MET on neural differentiation in the ESTn, and its consequences for assay sensitivity to methotrexate (MTX), a compound that interferes with the 1C cycle. Neural differentiation was inhibited below 0.007 mM and above 0.22 mM FA, while both stem cell viability (< 0.097 mM, > 1.52 mM) and neural differentiation (< 0.181 mM, > 1.35 mM) were affected when changing MET concentrations. A 10-day exposure to 13 nM MTX inhibited neural differentiation, especially in FA- and MET-deficient conditions. However, a 24-hour exposure to 39 nM MTX decreased neural cell and neural crest cell differentiation markers only when the concentration of FA in the medium was three times the standard concentration, which was expected to have a protective effect against MTX. These results show the importance of nutrient concentrations, exposure scenarios and timing of read-outs for cell differentiation and compound sensitivity in the ESTn. Caution should be taken when interpreting results from a single in vitro test, especially when extrapolating to effects on complex morphogenetic processes, like neural tube development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C de Leeuw
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (10206RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke van Nieuwland
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (10206RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Radboudumc, Medical Faculty, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bas G H Bokkers
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (10206RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (10206RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (10206RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Ji S, Zhou W, Li X, Liu S, Wang F, Li X, Zhao T, Ji G, Du J, Hao A. Maternal hyperglycemia disturbs neocortical neurogenesis via epigenetic regulation in C57BL/6J mice. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:211. [PMID: 30824686 PMCID: PMC6397163 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Offspring of mothers with hyperglycemia during pregnancy have a higher incidence of long-term neuropsychiatric disorders than offspring from a normal pregnancy, indicating that neocortical neurogenesis might be affected by maternal hyperglycemia. A paucity of study evaluating the effects of hyperglycemia on neocortical neurogenetic differentiation of neural stem cells, and the mechanism remains unclear. We sought to investigate the the roles and possible molecular mechanism of maternal hyperglycemia on neocortical neurogenetic differentiation of neural stem cells. We established a mouse model of a hyperglycemic pregnancy to study effects of intrauterine exposure to maternal hyperglycemia on neocortical neurogenesis. We observed morphological changes in the neocortex and detected the neurogenetic differentiation of neural stem cells in offspring affected by high glucose levels. We investigated the regulatory network between epigenetic modification and transcription factors in differentiated neural stem cells under hyperglycemic conditions. Maternal hyperglycemia disturbs neocortical lamination in some non-malformed offspring. Our results suggested that hyperglycemia altered the early-born neuron fate and the distribution of newborn neurons in deep layers by promoting the earlier differentiation of neural stem cells. Altered histone acetylation and its regulation on the transcription of proneural genes might be correlated to the disrupted differentiation of neural stem cells and altered distribution of newborn projection neurons in the neocortex. Our data raised the possibility that maternal hyperglycemia in pregnancy disturbs the laminar distribution of neocortical projection neurons in some non-malformed offspring via epigenetic regulation on neural stem cell differentiation and the birthdate of neocortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Ji
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Foot and Ankle Surgery Center of Shandong University and Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shangming Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyu Ji
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Du
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Aijun Hao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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6
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Xie K, Sheppard A. Dietary Micronutrients Promote Neuronal Differentiation by Modulating the Mitochondrial‐Nuclear Dialogue. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800051. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Xie
- Liggins InstituteUniversity of AucklandGraftonAuckland 1023New Zealand
| | - Allan Sheppard
- Liggins InstituteUniversity of AucklandGraftonAuckland 1023New Zealand
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Jackson RA, Nguyen ML, Barrett AN, Tan YY, Choolani MA, Chen ES. Synthetic combinations of missense polymorphic genetic changes underlying Down syndrome susceptibility. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4001-17. [PMID: 27245382 PMCID: PMC11108497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are important biomolecular markers in health and disease. Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, is the most frequently occurring chromosomal abnormality in live-born children. Here, we highlight associations between SNPs in several important enzymes involved in the one-carbon folate metabolic pathway and the elevated maternal risk of having a child with Down syndrome. Our survey highlights that the combination of SNPs may be a more reliable predictor of the Down syndrome phenotype than single SNPs alone. We also describe recent links between SNPs in p53 and its related pathway proteins and Down syndrome, as well as highlight several proteins that help to associate apoptosis and p53 signaling with the Down syndrome phenotype. In addition to a comprehensive review of the literature, we also demonstrate that several SNPs reside within the same regions as these Down syndrome-linked SNPs, and propose that these closely located nucleotide changes may provide new candidates for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #05-05, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Mai Linh Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #05-05, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Angela N Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #05-05, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yuan Yee Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #05-05, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Mahesh A Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #05-05, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #05-05, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School of Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Rodriguez JM, Miranda D, Bunout D, Ronco AM, de la Maza MP, Hirsch S. Folates Induce Colorectal Carcinoma HT29 Cell Line Proliferation Through Notch1 Signaling. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:706-11. [PMID: 25802929 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1011285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) consumption at high levels has been associated with colon cancer risk. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association. The Notch signal pathway has been implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation. Our aim was to demonstrate that high concentrations of FA or its reduced form, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-MTHF), increase colorectal carcinoma HT29 cell proliferation through an increase of Notch1 activation and to prove if the inhibition of Notch1 activation by gamma secretase inhibitor, reduce the effect of folic acid. HT29 cells were cultured in high (400 nM), low (20 nM), or 0 nM FA or 5-MTHF concentrations during 96 h with or without DAPT (gamma secretase inhibitor). Cell proliferation was determined by the methylthiazole tetrazolium method, and Notch1-intracellular domain (NICD) was analyzed by flow cytometry. HT29 cells exposed to 400 nM FA or 5-MTHF showed higher proliferation rate than those exposed to 20 nM of FA or 5-MTHF (P < 0.01) during 96 h. NICD expression increased at higher FA or 5-MTHF concentrations compared with lower concentrations (P < 0.01). This effect on proliferation was partially reversible when we blocked Notch1 activation with the inhibitor of γ-secretase (P < 0.05).These data suggest that high concentration of FA and 5-MTHF induce HT29 cell proliferation activating Notch1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Rodriguez
- a Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
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Chou Y, Lin HC, Chen KC, Chang CC, Lee WS, Juan SH. Molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of folate on homocysteine-challenged rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1447-60. [PMID: 23424995 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Homocysteine is an intermediate product formed during the metabolism of methionine, and is increased in cells with folate deficiency. Patients with hyperhomocysteinemia tend to develop cardiovascular disease. Here, we have examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of folate on homocysteine-challenged rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cultures of RASMC were challenged with homocysteine and then incubated with folate added. Changes in p21/p27, AKT and RhoA were followed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Transfection and anti-sense techniques were also used. Cell viability, growth and migration were measured. KEY RESULTS Folate up-regulated p21/p27 through a Src/ERK-dependent mechanism that accounted for its anti-proliferative effects on RASMC. Folate protected RASMC from the effects of homocysteine by reducing AKT1, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, and p190RhoGAP activation/phosphorylation, along with cytosolic levels of p21 and p27, and increasing RhoA activation. Overexpression of AKT1, but not of AKT2, induced p21/p27 phosphorylation and increased cytosolic p21/p27 levels, as did homocysteine treatment. By contrast, and similarly to folate treatment, transfection with dominant negative (DN) AKT1 counteracted these effects. Additionally, AKT was shown to be an upstream target of FAK activation. In RASMC overexpressing constitutively active RhoA, activation of RhoA mediated the anti-migratory effects of folate. Addition of Y27632 (a RhoA inhibitor) and DNRhoA counteracted the anti-migratory effects, confirming RhoA involvement. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Folate was anti-proliferative and anti-migratory in homocysteine-challenged RASMC. Mechanisms underlying folate-mediated protection against the proatherosclerotic effects of homocysteine have been delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Zhang XM, Huang GW, Tian ZH, Ren DL, Wilson JX. Folate stimulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation in fetal neural stem cells. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 12:226-32. [DOI: 10.1179/147683009x423418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Arigony ALV, de Oliveira IM, Machado M, Bordin DL, Bergter L, Prá D, Pêgas Henriques JA. The influence of micronutrients in cell culture: a reflection on viability and genomic stability. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:597282. [PMID: 23781504 PMCID: PMC3678455 DOI: 10.1155/2013/597282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients, including minerals and vitamins, are indispensable to DNA metabolic pathways and thus are as important for life as macronutrients. Without the proper nutrients, genomic instability compromises homeostasis, leading to chronic diseases and certain types of cancer. Cell-culture media try to mimic the in vivo environment, providing in vitro models used to infer cells' responses to different stimuli. This review summarizes and discusses studies of cell-culture supplementation with micronutrients that can increase cell viability and genomic stability, with a particular focus on previous in vitro experiments. In these studies, the cell-culture media include certain vitamins and minerals at concentrations not equal to the physiological levels. In many common culture media, the sole source of micronutrients is fetal bovine serum (FBS), which contributes to only 5-10% of the media composition. Minimal attention has been dedicated to FBS composition, micronutrients in cell cultures as a whole, or the influence of micronutrients on the viability and genetics of cultured cells. Further studies better evaluating micronutrients' roles at a molecular level and influence on the genomic stability of cells are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Vargas Arigony
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iuri Marques de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Miriana Machado
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diana Lilian Bordin
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lothar Bergter
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Prá
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- PPG em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência 2293, 96815-900 Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Chen J, Guo Y, Cheng W, Chen R, Liu T, Chen Z, Tan S. High glucose induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation of adult rat neural stem cells following in vitro ischemia. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:24. [PMID: 23452440 PMCID: PMC3599336 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Post-stroke hyperglycemia appears to be associated with poor outcome from stroke, greater mortality, and reduced functional recovery. Focal cerebral ischemia data support that neural stem cells (NSCs) play an important role in post-ischemic repair. Here we sought to evaluate the negative effects of hyperglycemia on the cellular biology of NSCs following anoxia, and to test whether high glucose affects NSC recovery from ischemic injury. Results In this study, we used immortalized adult neural stem cells lines and we induced in vitro ischemia by 6 h oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in an anaerobic incubator. Reperfusion was performed by returning cells to normoxic conditions and the cells were then incubated in experimental medium with various concentrations of glucose (17.5, 27.75, 41.75, and 83.75 mM) for 24 h. We found that high glucose (≥27.75 mM) exposure induced apoptosis of NSCs in a dose-dependent manner after exposure to OGD, using an Annexin V/PI apoptosis detection kit. The cell viability and proliferative activity of NSCs following OGD in vitro, evaluated with both a Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and a 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, were inhibited by high glucose exposure. Cell cycle analysis showed that high glucose exposure increased the percentage of cells in G0/G1-phase, and reduced the percentage of cells in S-phase. Furthermore, high glucose exposure was found to significantly induce the activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and suppress extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that high glucose induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of NSCs following OGD in vitro, which may be associated with the activation of JNK/p38 MAPK pathways and the delay of G1-S transition in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Vasimalai N, John SA. Aggregation and de-aggregation of gold nanoparticles induced by polyionic drugs: spectrofluorimetric determination of picogram amounts of protamine and heparin drugs in the presence of 1000-fold concentration of major interferences. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:5620-5627. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Yuan Q, Zhao S, Liu S, Zhang Y, Fu J, Wang F, Liu Q, Ling EA, Hao A. Folic acid supplementation changes the fate of neural progenitors in mouse embryos of hyperglycemic and diabetic pregnancy. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:1202-12. [PMID: 23260036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid has been shown to decrease the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in normal and hyperglycemic conditions, but the influence of folic acid on the development of central nervous system is not fully understood. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of folic acid, especially high dose of folic acid, on the characteristics of neural progenitors in embryos of hyperglycemic and diabetic mouse. Hyperglycemic and diabetic pregnant mice were given 3 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg folic acid from embryonic day 0.5 (E0.5) and were euthanased on E11.5, E13.5 or E18.5. The incidence of NTDs at E13.5 was counted. The proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of neural progenitors and neuronal migration were determined using BrdU incorporation assay, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence, Western blot and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Both normal and high doses of folic acid decreased the incidence of NTDs, promoted proliferation and reduced apoptosis of neuroepithelial cells in embryos of hyperglycemic and diabetic mice. Importantly, folic acid, especially at high dose, might affect the premature differentiation of neural progenitors in embryos of hyperglycemic and diabetic pregnancy. This may be attributed to changes of messenger RNA expression levels of some basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors. In addition, folic acid might be involved in regulating neuronal migration in embryos of hyperglycemic and diabetic pregnancy. These findings suggest that periconceptional supplementation of folic acid, especially at high dose, may be a double-edged sword because it may result in undesirable outcomes affecting both the neuronal and glial differentiation in hyperglycemic and diabetic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
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15
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Bismuth E, Bouche C, Caliman C, Lepercq J, Lubin V, Rouge D, Timsit J, Vambergue A. Management of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Guidelines of the French-Speaking Diabetes Society (Société francophone du diabète [SFD]). DIABETES & METABOLISM 2012; 38:205-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Chen Y, Wang Z, Xie Y, Guo X, Tang X, Wang S, Yang S, Chen K, Niu Y, Ji W. Folic acid deficiency inhibits neural rosette formation and neuronal differentiation from rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:1382-91. [PMID: 22411734 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiological studies has proved that periconceptional use of folic acid (FA) can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, it is hard to explore when and how FA plays roles in neurogenesis and brain development in vivo, especially in human or other nonhuman primate systems. Primate embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines are ideal models for studying cell differentiation and organogenesis in vitro. In the present study, the roles of FA in neural differentiation were assessed in a rhesus monkey ESC system in vitro. The results showed no significant difference in the expression of neural precursor markers, such as nestin, Sox-1, or Pax-6, among neural progenitors obtained from different FA concentrations or with the FA antagonist methotrexate (MTX). However, FA depletion decreased cell proliferation and affected embryoid body (EB) and neural rosette formation, as well as neuronal but not neuroglia differentiation. Our data imply that the ESC system is a suitable model for further exploring the mechanism of how FA works in prevention of NTDs in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Ichi S, Nakazaki H, Boshnjaku V, Singh RM, Mania-Farnell B, Xi G, McLone DG, Tomita T, Mayanil CSK. Fetal Neural Tube Stem Cells from Pax3 Mutant Mice Proliferate, Differentiate, and Form Synaptic Connections When Stimulated with Folic Acid. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:321-30. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ichi
- Developmental Biology Program, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Nakazaki
- Developmental Biology Program, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vanda Boshnjaku
- Developmental Biology Program, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ravneet Monny Singh
- Developmental Biology Program, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Guifa Xi
- Developmental Biology Program, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David G. McLone
- Developmental Biology Program, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tadanori Tomita
- Developmental Biology Program, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chandra Shekhar K. Mayanil
- Developmental Biology Program, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Nordquist N, Luthman H, Pettersson U, Eriksson UJ. Linkage study of embryopathy-polygenic inheritance of diabetes-induced skeletal malformations in the rat. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 33:297-307. [PMID: 22227068 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We developed an inbred rat model of diabetic embryopathy, in which the offspring displays skeletal malformations (agnathia or micrognathia) when the mother is diabetic, and no malformations when she is not diabetic. Our aim was to find genes controlling the embryonic maldevelopment in a diabetic environment. We contrasted the fetal outcome in inbred Sprague-Dawley L rats (20% skeletal malformations in diabetic pregnancy) with that of inbred Wistar Furth rats (denotedW, no skeletal malformations in diabetic pregnancy). We used offspring from the backcross F(1)×L to probe for the genetic basis for malformation of the mandible in diabetic pregnancy. A set of 186 fetuses (93 affected, 93 unaffected) was subjected to a whole genome scan with 160 micro satellites. Analysis of genotype distribution indicated 7 loci on chromosome 4, 10 (3 loci), 14, 18, and 19 in the teratogenic process (and 14 other loci on 12 chromosomes with less strong association to the malformations), several of which contained genes implicated in other experimental studies of diabetic embryopathy. These candidate genes will be scrutinized in further experimentation. We conclude that the genetic involvement in rodent diabetic embryopathy is polygenic and predisposing for congenital malformations.
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Higa R, Kurtz M, Mazzucco MB, Musikant D, White V, Jawerbaum A. Folic acid and safflower oil supplementation interacts and protects embryos from maternal diabetes-induced damage. Mol Hum Reprod 2011; 18:253-64. [PMID: 22180326 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gar080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes increases the risk of embryo malformations. Folic acid and safflower oil supplementations have been shown to reduce embryo malformations in experimental models of diabetes. In this study we here tested whether folic acid and safflower oil supplementations interact to prevent embryo malformations in diabetic rats, and analyzed whether they act through the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs), and nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species production. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin administration prior to mating. From Day 0.5 of pregnancy, rats did or did not receive folic acid (15 mg/kg) and/or a 6% safflower oil-supplemented diet. Embryos and decidua were explanted on Day 10.5 of gestation for further analysis of embryo resorptions and malformations, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels, NO production and lipid peroxidation. Maternal diabetes induced resorptions and malformations that were prevented by folic acid and safflower oil supplementation. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were increased in embryos and decidua from diabetic rats and decreased with safflower oil and folic acid supplementations. In diabetic animals, the embryonic and decidual TIMPs were increased mainly with safflower oil supplementation in decidua and with folic acid in embryos. NO overproduction was decreased in decidua from diabetic rats treated with folic acid alone and in combination with safflower oil. These treatments also prevented increases in embryonic and decidual lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, folic acid and safflower oil supplementations interact and protect the embryos from diabetes-induced damage through several pathways related to a decrease in pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Higa
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mayanil CS, Ichi S, Farnell BM, Boshnjaku V, Tomita T, McLone DG. Maternal intake of folic acid and neural crest stem cells. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2011; 87:143-73. [PMID: 22127242 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386015-6.00028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maternal folic acid (FA) intake has beneficial effects in preventing neural tube defects and may also play a role in the prevention of adult onset diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, dementia, neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cerebral ischemia. This review will focus on the effects of maternal FA intake on neural crest stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Although FA is generally considered beneficial, it has the potential of promoting cell proliferation at the expense of differentiation. In some situations, this may lead to miscarriage or postnatal developmental abnormalities. Therefore, a blind approach such as "FA for everyone" is not necessarily the best course of action. Ultimately, the best approach for FA supplementation, and potentially other nutritional supplements, will include customized patient genomic profiles for determining dose and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Mayanil
- Developmental Biology Program, Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Memorial Medical Center and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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